Linux常用基本命令:grep-從文件或者管道中篩選匹配的行

grep命令

作用：從文本文件或管道數據流中篩選匹配的行及數據，配合正則表達式一起使用，功能更加強大。

格式:

grep [options] [pattern] [file]

１，匹配包含"ghostwu"的行

ghostwu@dev:~/linux/grep$ cat -n ghostwu.txt 
     1    my name is ghostwu
     2    how are you
     3    fine think you
     4    My name is Ghostwu
     5    what's your name?
     6    my name is ghostwu2
     7    
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/grep$ grep "ghostwu" ghostwu.txt 
my name is ghostwu
my name is ghostwu2

２，-v: 不包含，相當於取反

ghostwu@dev:~/linux/grep$ grep -v "ghostwu" ghostwu.txt 
how are you
fine think you
My name is Ghostwu
what's your name?

ghostwu@dev:~/linux/grep$ 

３，-n　添加行號

ghostwu@dev:~/linux/grep$ grep -n "ghostwu" ghostwu.txt 
1:my name is ghostwu
6:my name is ghostwu2
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/grep$ grep -vn "ghostwu" ghostwu.txt 
2:how are you
3:fine think you
4:My name is Ghostwu
5:what's your name?
7:

４，-E，使用擴展的egrep命令，模式中可以用正則表達式

ghostwu@dev:~/linux/grep$ cat ghostwu.txt 
my name is ghostwu
how are you
fine think you
My name is Ghostwu
what's your name?
my name is ghostwu2

ghostwu@dev:~/linux/grep$ grep -E "my|your" ghostwu.txt 
my name is ghostwu
what's your name?
my name is ghostwu2
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/grep$ grep -Ev "my|your" ghostwu.txt 
how are you
fine think you
My name is Ghostwu

ghostwu@dev:~/linux/grep$ grep -En "my|your" ghostwu.txt 
1:my name is ghostwu
5:what's your name?
6:my name is ghostwu2

５，-i選項，不區分大小寫

ghostwu@dev:~/linux/grep$ grep "ghostwu" ghostwu.txt 
my name is ghostwu
my name is ghostwu2
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/grep$ grep -i "ghostwu" ghostwu.txt 
my name is ghostwu
My name is Ghostwu
my name is ghostwu2

６，-c :統計匹配的行數，不是匹配字元串的次數

ghostwu@dev:~/linux/grep$ grep -c "ghostwu" ghostwu.txt 
2
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/grep$ grep -ci "ghostwu" ghostwu.txt 
3

ghostwu@dev:~/linux/grep$ grep -c "ghostwu" ghostwu.txt 
2
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/grep$ grep "ghostwu" ghostwu.txt 
my name is ghostwu, nice to meet you,ghostwu
my name is ghostwu2
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/grep$ cat -n ghostwu.txt 
     1    my name is ghostwu, nice to meet you,ghostwu
     2    how are you
     3    fine think you
     4    My name is Ghostwu
     5    what's your name?
     6    my name is ghostwu2
     7    

７，-o: 只輸出匹配到的字元串

ghostwu@dev:~/linux/grep$ grep -o "ghostwu" ghostwu.txt 
ghostwu
ghostwu
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/grep$ grep -oi "ghostwu" ghostwu.txt 
ghostwu
Ghostwu
ghostwu

８，-w: 只匹配過濾的單詞，類似於精確匹配

ghostwu@dev:~/linux/grep$ grep -w "ghostwu" ghostwu.txt 
my name is ghostwu, nice to meet you,ghostwu
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/grep$ grep -wi "ghostwu" ghostwu.txt 
my name is ghostwu, nice to meet you,ghostwu
My name is Ghostwu
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/grep$ cat -n ghostwu.txt 
     1    my name is ghostwu, nice to meet you,ghostwu
     2    how are you
     3    fine think you
     4    My name is Ghostwu
     5    what's your name?
     6    my name is ghostwu2
     7    

９，常用的一招小技巧，去除文件的註釋和空行，在運維中，可以用這條命令把配置文件的空行和註釋去掉，然後用管道生成。這樣配置文件比較容易查看和配置

ghostwu@dev:~/linux/grep$ grep -Ev "^$|#" ghostwu.php
<?php
    class Person {
        public $name = 'ghostwu';
        public $age = 20;
        public function showinfo(){
            echo $this->name . PHP_EOL;
            echo $this->age. PHP_EOL;
        }
    }
ghostwu@dev:~/linux/grep$ cat -n ghostwu.php 
     1    <?php
     2    
     3        class Person {
     4    
     5            #人名
     6            public $name = 'ghostwu';
     7    
     8            #年齡
     9            public $age = 20;
    10    
    11            #顯示信息　
    12            public function showinfo(){
    13                echo $this->name . PHP_EOL;
    14                echo $this->age. PHP_EOL;
    15            }
    16        }