二進位安裝MySQL資料庫 [toc] 實驗準備： 1. 一個乾凈的centos7系統（確認是沒有安裝過資料庫的系統） 2. 關閉防火牆和selinux 3. 創建一個邏輯捲分區（因為資料庫存放數據一般都是在上漲的普通的分區到達分區容量極限時沒辦法在擴充分區所以使用邏輯捲分區比較好） 4. 從官方平 ...
目錄
二進位安裝MySQL資料庫
實驗準備：
- 一個乾凈的centos7系統（確認是沒有安裝過資料庫的系統）
- 關閉防火牆和selinux
- 創建一個邏輯捲分區（因為資料庫存放數據一般都是在上漲的普通的分區到達分區容量極限時沒辦法在擴充分區所以使用邏輯捲分區比較好）
- 從官方平臺下載一個編譯過的一個二進位程式包（官方包下載地址：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/）
準備階段：
- 創建邏輯捲分區：
[root@centos7 ~]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 104806400 4233244 100573156 5% /
devtmpfs 998216 0 998216 0% /dev
tmpfs 1014056 0 1014056 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1014056 10452 1003604 2% /run
tmpfs 1014056 0 1014056 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sr0 10491772 10491772 0 100% /misc/cd
/dev/sda1 1038336 167036 871300 17% /boot
/dev/sda3 52403200 32992 52370208 1% /data
tmpfs 202812 0 202812 0% /run/user/0
tmpfs 202812 12 202800 1% /run/user/42
[root@centos7 ~]# umount /data (確定這個分區沒有需要的數據了取消掛載)- 改為邏輯捲標識
[root@centos7 ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000a8280
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 211814399 104857600 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 211814400 316671999 52428800 83 Linux
/dev/sda4 316672000 419430399 51379200 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 316674048 325062655 4194304 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-5, default 5): 3
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000a8280
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 211814399 104857600 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 211814400 316671999 52428800 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda4 316672000 419430399 51379200 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 316674048 325062655 4194304 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.- 使用partprobe同步一下分區
[root@centos7 ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 100G 0 part /
├─sda3 8:3 0 50G 0 part
├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part
└─sda5 8:5 0 4G 0 part [SWAP]
sr0 11:0 1 10G 0 rom /misc/cd
[root@centos7 ~]# partprobe
Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only.- 更改為物理捲
[root@centos7 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda3
WARNING: xfs signature detected on /dev/sda3 at offset 0. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
Wiping xfs signature on /dev/sda3.
Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created.
[root@centos7 ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sda3 lvm2 --- 50.00g 50.00g
- 把物理捲加為捲組並起個名字
[root@centos7 ~]# vgcreate vg_data /dev/sda3
Volume group "vg_data" successfully created
[root@centos7 ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
vg_data 1 0 0 wz--n- <50.00g <50.00g- 創建邏輯捲為MySQL並設定為40G空間（空行之後的都是示例防止你們設錯空間忘了怎麼刪！）
[root@centos7 ~]# lvcreate -n mysql -L 40G vg_data
Logical volume "mysql" created.
[root@centos7 ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
mysql vg_data -wi-a----- 40.00g
[root@centos7 ~]# lvremove /dev/vg_data/mysql
Do you really want to remove active logical volume vg_data/mysql? [y/n]: y
Logical volume "mysql" successfully removed
[root@centos7 ~]# lvcreate -n mysql -l 100%free vg_data （這裡是把所有的剩餘空間都設為邏輯捲）
Logical volume "mysql" created.
[root@centos7 ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
mysql vg_data -wi-a----- <50.00g - 格式化分區並創建文件系統
[root@centos7 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/vg_data/mysql
meta-data=/dev/vg_data/mysql isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=3276544 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=13106176, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=6399, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0- 掛載分區並永久保存（更改/data那一行）
[root@centos7 ~]# lsblk -f (註意使用邏輯捲對應的UUID)
NAME FSTYPE LABEL UUID MOUNTPOINT
sda
├─sda1 xfs 0f7c8887-58c8-4c16-98d4-32cf5635006a /boot
├─sda2 xfs 71131d8c-e6d0-4104-b270-dcb8d5ae959a /
├─sda3 LVM2_member IRcHvr-fkfh-eutS-0de9-RGsJ-4pi3-mGKmJd
│ └─vg_data-mysql xfs 7d3d4b4d-66c1-43d7-8d33-9de94d6b812d /mnt
├─sda4
└─sda5 swap 045c4250-e51f-4af0-a2f5-6c248700e1fb [SWAP]
sr0 iso9660 CentOS 7 x86_64 2018-11-26-14-22-58-00 /misc/cd
[root@centos7 ~]# vim /etc/fstab
UUID=7d3d4b4d-66c1-43d7-8d33-9de94d6b812d /data xfs defaults 0 0
[root@centos7 ~]# mount -a （重新讀取配置文件進行掛載）
[root@centos7 ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 100G 0 part /
├─sda3 8:3 0 50G 0 part
│ └─vg_data-mysql 253:0 0 50G 0 lvm /data
├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part
└─sda5 8:5 0 4G 0 part [SWAP]
sr0 11:0 1 10G 0 rom /misc/cd- 準備二進位程式包（我是從伺服器傳下來的沒有的可以去官網下載，放在哪個目錄都可以。）
[root@centos7 ~]# rz -E
rz waiting to receive.
[root@centos7 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg Downloads Music Templates
Desktop initial-setup-ks.cfg Pictures Videos
Documents mariadb-10.2.29-linux-systemd-x86_64.tar.gz Public實驗階段：
- 確認系統上沒有資料庫文件
[root@centos7 ~]# rpm -qa mariadb*- 創建文件夾和創建用戶並讓他有讀、執行許可權。
[root@centos7 ~]# mkdir /data/mysql
[root@centos7 ~]# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin -d /data/mysql mysql
[root@centos7 ~]# ll /data
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Nov 19 16:12 mysql- 程式包解壓到/usr/local/目錄下
[root@centos7 ~]# tar xvf mariadb-10.2.29-linux-systemd-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/- 更改用戶和所屬組(先把MariaDB目錄做成軟連接)
[root@centos7 ~]# ll /usr/local/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 libexec
drwxrwxr-x 13 yang yang 294 Nov 8 01:21 mariadb-10.2.29-linux-systemd-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 49 Sep 5 16:17 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 src
[root@centos7 local]# ln -s mariadb-10.2.29-linux-systemd-x86_64/ mysql
[root@centos7 local]# chown -R root.root mysql/
[root@centos7 local]# ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 libexec
drwxrwxr-x 13 root root 294 Nov 8 01:21 mariadb-10.2.29-linux-systemd-x86_64
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 37 Nov 19 16:22 mysql -> mariadb-10.2.29-linux-systemd-x86_64/
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 49 Sep 5 16:17 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 src- 查看二進位文件並把二進位文件目錄加到PATH變數里以後使用方便不用寫絕對路徑
[root@centos7 local]# ls mysql/bin/
aria_chk mysqladmin mysqlshow
aria_dump_log mysqlbinlog mysqlslap
aria_ftdump mysqlcheck mysqltest
aria_pack mysql_client_test mysqltest_embedded
aria_read_log mysql_client_test_embedded mysql_tzinfo_to_sql
galera_new_cluster mysql_config mysql_upgrade
galera_recovery mysql_convert_table_format mysql_waitpid
garbd mysqld mytop
innochecksum mysqld_multi perror
mariabackup mysqld_safe replace
mariadb_config mysqld_safe_helper resolveip
mariadb-service-convert mysqldump resolve_stack_dump
mbstream mysqldumpslow sst_dump
msql2mysql mysql_embedded tokuftdump
myisamchk mysql_find_rows tokuft_logprint
myisam_ftdump mysql_fix_extensions wsrep_sst_common
myisamlog mysqlhotcopy wsrep_sst_mariabackup
myisampack mysqlimport wsrep_sst_mysqldump
my_print_defaults mysql_ldb wsrep_sst_rsync
myrocks_hotbackup mysql_plugin wsrep_sst_rsync_wan
mysql mysql_secure_installation wsrep_sst_xtrabackup
mysqlaccess mysql_setpermission wsrep_sst_xtrabackup-v2
[root@centos7 local]# echo 'PATh=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@centos7 local]# . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@centos7 support-files]# echo $PATH （使用這個命令檢查一下）
/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin- 準備配置文件（使用軟體包里自帶的配置文件稍加修改使用就可以了）
[root@centos7 local]# cd mysql/
[root@centos7 mysql]# ls
bin data include man README-wsrep sql-bench
COPYING docs INSTALL-BINARY mysql-test scripts support-files
CREDITS EXCEPTIONS-CLIENT lib README.md share THIRDPARTY
[root@centos7 mysql]# ls support-files/
binary-configure my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf my-small.cnf mysql.server wsrep.cnf
magic my-large.cnf mysqld_multi.server policy wsrep_notify
my-huge.cnf my-medium.cnf mysql-log-rotate systemd
[root@centos7 mysql]# less support-files/my-huge.cnf (查看一下文件選擇一個合適的記憶體大小，這個是最大的 1G-2G)
[root@centos7 mysql]#
[root@centos7 mysql]# cp -b support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp: overwrite ‘/etc/my.cnf’? y （把這個文件拷貝到配置文件目錄下並備份原有文件）
修改配置文件
[root@centos7 mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf
# The MySQL server
[mysqld]
datadir=/data/mysql （加入這一行指定路徑就可以了）- 使用軟體包自帶腳本生成資料庫
[root@centos7 mysql]# cd scripts/
[root@centos7 scripts]# ls
mysql_install_db
[root@centos7 scripts]# pwd
/usr/local/mysql/scripts
這裡要註意一下要是你要寫相對路徑必須在scripts目錄下執行，要不就寫成絕對路徑。
[root@centos7 scripts]# /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/data/mysql --user=mysql
Installing MariaDB/MySQL system tables in '/data/mysql' ...
2019-11-19 16:41:29 140185403569984 [Warning] 'THREAD_CONCURRENCY' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
2019-11-19 16:41:29 140185402984192 [Warning] Failed to load slave replication state from table mysql.gtid_slave_pos: 1146: Table 'mysql.gtid_slave_pos' doesn't exist
OK
To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system
PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MariaDB root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:
'/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin' -u root password 'new-password'
'/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin' -u root -h centos7.localdomain password 'new-password'
Alternatively you can run:
'/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation'
which will also give you the option of removing the test
databases and anonymous user created by default. This is
strongly recommended for production servers.
See the MariaDB Knowledgebase at http://mariadb.com/kb or the
MySQL manual for more instructions.
You can start the MariaDB daemon with:
cd '/usr/local/mysql' ; /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir='/data/mysql'
You can test the MariaDB daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
cd '/usr/local/mysql/mysql-test' ; perl mysql-test-run.pl
Please report any problems at http://mariadb.org/jira
The latest information about MariaDB is available at http://mariadb.org/.
You can find additional information about the MySQL part at:
http://dev.mysql.com
Consider joining MariaDB's strong and vibrant community:
https://mariadb.org/get-involved/
[root@centos7 scripts]# ll /data/mysql/ （查看資料庫生成文件）
total 110660
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 16384 Nov 19 16:41 aria_log.00000001
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 52 Nov 19 16:41 aria_log_control
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 938 Nov 19 16:41 ib_buffer_pool
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 12582912 Nov 19 16:41 ibdata1
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Nov 19 16:41 ib_logfile0
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Nov 19 16:41 ib_logfile1
drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 Nov 19 16:41 mysql
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 29310 Nov 19 16:41 mysql-bin.000001
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 19 Nov 19 16:41 mysql-bin.index
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 7 Nov 19 16:41 mysql-bin.state
drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 20 Nov 19 16:41 performance_schema
drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 20 Nov 19 16:41 test- 設置啟動相關文件
[root@centos7 support-files]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/systemd/mariadb.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
[root@centos7 support-files]# ll /usr/lib/systemd/system/ |grep mariadb
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5231 Nov 19 16:45 mariadb.service
centos6 的話可以使用mysql.server
[root@centos7 support-files]# ls
binary-configure my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf my-small.cnf mysql.server wsrep.cnf
magic my-large.cnf mysqld_multi.server policy wsrep_notify
my-huge.cnf my-medium.cnf mysql-log-rotate systemd
[root@centos7 support-files]# cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@centos7 support-files]# chkconfig --list mysqld
Note: This output shows SysV services only and does not include native
systemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden by native
systemd configuration.
If you want to list systemd services use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.
To see services enabled on particular target use
'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'.
error reading information on service mysqld: No such file or direct
[root@centos7 support-files]# chkconfig --add mysqld (把mysql註冊為服務之後可以使用server來管理)
[root@centos7 support-files]# chkconfig --list mysqld （在使用chkconfig查看你服務）- 再查看一下文件確保設置的路徑正確，就可以啟動服務了。
[root@centos7 support-files]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service
[root@centos7 support-files]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 9
Server version: 10.2.29-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]>
（已經可以正常使用了但是密碼沒有設置誰都可以登錄重新設置一下密碼）- 跑一遍安全加固腳本（這也是軟體包自帶的）
(安全加固腳本路徑)
[root@centos7 support-files]# which mysql_secure_installation
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation
[root@centos7 support-files]# mysql_secure_installation
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none): （輸入當前密碼，回車不輸入任何字元）
OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.
Set root password? [Y/n] y （是否要設置密碼輸y）
New password:
Re-enter new password: （輸入兩遍密碼）
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!
By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y （是否刪除預設用戶，輸入y）
... Success!
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y （不允許root遠程登錄，輸入y安全考慮）
... Success!
By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y （是否刪除測試資料庫test，生產中用不到刪掉y）
- Dropping test database...
... Success!
- Removing privileges on test database...
... Success!
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y （是否重新載入特權表，輸入y）
... Success!
Cleaning up...
All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MariaDB!
（直接使用mysql不可以登陸了）
[root@centos7 support-files]# mysql
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
[root@centos7 support-files]# mysql -p123456 （-p輸入密碼登錄。註意：-p後不要加空格）
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 19
Server version: 10.2.29-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> exit
Bye
[root@centos7 support-files]# mysql -uroot -p123456 （上面登錄不寫用戶的話預設就為root登錄既管理員）註意：這裡的root不是操作系統的root他只是針對於MySQL資料庫的root用戶不要搞混了。
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 20
Server version: 10.2.29-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> exit
Bye
