在音視頻開發中,錄音當然是必不可少的。首先我們要學會單獨的錄音功能,當然這裡說的錄音是指用AudioRecord來錄音,讀取錄音原始數據,讀到的就是所謂的PCM數據。對於錄音來說,最重要的幾個參數要搞明白: 1、simpleRate採樣率,採樣率就是採樣頻率,每秒鐘記錄多少個樣本。 2、channe ...
在音視頻開發中,錄音當然是必不可少的。首先我們要學會單獨的錄音功能,當然這裡說的錄音是指用AudioRecord來錄音,讀取錄音原始數據,讀到的就是所謂的PCM數據。對於錄音來說,最重要的幾個參數要搞明白:
1、simpleRate採樣率,採樣率就是採樣頻率,每秒鐘記錄多少個樣本。
2、channelConfig通道配置,其實就是所謂的單通道,雙通道之類的,AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_MONO單通道,AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_STEREO雙通道,這裡只列了這兩種,還有其它的,可自行查閱。
3、audioFormat音頻格式,其實就是採樣的精度,每個樣本的位數,AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_8BIT每個樣本占8位,AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT每個樣本占16位,這裡也只用了這兩個,別的沒研究。
在學習過程中會用到的一些參數,我這裡封裝了一個類,如下
public class AudioParams { enum Format { SINGLE_8_BIT, DOUBLE_8_BIT, SINGLE_16_BIT, DOUBLE_16_BIT } private Format format; int simpleRate; AudioParams(int simpleRate, Format f) { this.simpleRate = simpleRate; this.format = f; } AudioParams(int simpleRate, int channelCount, int bits) { this.simpleRate = simpleRate; set(channelCount, bits); } int getBits() { return (format == Format.SINGLE_8_BIT || format == Format.DOUBLE_8_BIT) ? 8 : 16; } int getEncodingFormat() { return (format == Format.SINGLE_8_BIT || format == Format.DOUBLE_8_BIT) ? AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_8BIT : AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT; } int getChannelCount() {return (format == Format.SINGLE_8_BIT || format == Format.SINGLE_16_BIT) ? 1 : 2;} int getChannelConfig() { return (format == Format.SINGLE_8_BIT || format == Format.SINGLE_16_BIT) ? AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_MONO : AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_STEREO; } int getOutChannelConfig() { return (format == Format.SINGLE_8_BIT || format == Format.SINGLE_16_BIT) ? AudioFormat.CHANNEL_OUT_MONO : AudioFormat.CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO; } void set(int channelCount, int bits) { if ((channelCount != 1 && channelCount != 2) || (bits != 8 && bits != 16)) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("不支持其它格式 channelCount=$channelCount bits=$bits"); } if (channelCount == 1) { if (bits == 8) { format = Format.SINGLE_8_BIT; } else { format = Format.SINGLE_16_BIT; } } else { if (bits == 8) { format = Format.DOUBLE_8_BIT; } else { format = Format.DOUBLE_16_BIT; } } } }
這裡固定使用了單通道8位,雙通道8位,單通道16位,雙通道16位,所以用了枚舉來限制。
為了方便把錄音數據拿出來顯示、存儲,這裡寫了一個回調方法如下
public interface RecordCallback { /** * 數據回調 * * @param bytes 數據 * @param len 數據有效長度,-1時表示數據結束 */ void onRecord(byte[] bytes, int len); }
有了這些參數,現在就可以錄音了,先看一下樣例
public void startRecord(AudioParams params, RecordCallback callback) { int simpleRate = params.simpleRate; int channelConfig = params.getChannelConfig(); int audioFormat = params.getEncodingFormat(); // 根據AudioRecord提供的api拿到最小緩存大小 int bufferSize = AudioRecord.getMinBufferSize(simpleRate, channelConfig, audioFormat); //創建Record對象 record = new AudioRecord(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC, simpleRate, channelConfig, audioFormat, bufferSize); recordThread = new Thread(() -> { byte[] buffer = new byte[bufferSize]; record.startRecording(); recording = true; while (recording) { int read = record.read(buffer, 0, bufferSize); // 將數據回調到外部 if (read > 0 && callback != null) { callback.onRecord(buffer, read); } } if (callback != null) { // len 為-1時表示結束 callback.onRecord(buffer, -1); recording = false; } //釋放資源 release(); }); recordThread.start(); }
這個方法就是簡單的採集音頻數據,這個數據就是最原始的pcm數據。
拿到pcm數據以後,如果直接保存到文件是無法直接播放的,因為這隻是一堆數據,沒有任何格式說明,如果想讓普通播放器可以播放,需要在文件中加入文件頭,來告訴播放器這個數據的格式,這裡是直接保存成wav格式的數據。下麵就是加入wav格式文件頭的方法
private static byte[] getWaveFileHeader(int totalDataLen, int sampleRate, int channelCount, int bits) { byte[] header = new byte[44]; // RIFF/WAVE header header[0] = 'R'; header[1] = 'I'; header[2] = 'F'; header[3] = 'F'; int fileLength = totalDataLen + 36; header[4] = (byte) (fileLength & 0xff); header[5] = (byte) (fileLength >> 8 & 0xff); header[6] = (byte) (fileLength >> 16 & 0xff); header[7] = (byte) (fileLength >> 24 & 0xff); //WAVE header[8] = 'W'; header[9] = 'A'; header[10] = 'V'; header[11] = 'E'; // 'fmt ' chunk header[12] = 'f'; header[13] = 'm'; header[14] = 't'; header[15] = ' '; // 4 bytes: size of 'fmt ' chunk header[16] = 16; header[17] = 0; header[18] = 0; header[19] = 0; // pcm format = 1 header[20] = 1; header[21] = 0; header[22] = (byte) channelCount; header[23] = 0; header[24] = (byte) (sampleRate & 0xff); header[25] = (byte) (sampleRate >> 8 & 0xff); header[26] = (byte) (sampleRate >> 16 & 0xff); header[27] = (byte) (sampleRate >> 24 & 0xff); int byteRate = sampleRate * bits * channelCount / 8; header[28] = (byte) (byteRate & 0xff); header[29] = (byte) (byteRate >> 8 & 0xff); header[30] = (byte) (byteRate >> 16 & 0xff); header[31] = (byte) (byteRate >> 24 & 0xff); // block align header[32] = (byte) (channelCount * bits / 8); header[33] = 0; // bits per sample header[34] = (byte) bits; header[35] = 0; //data header[36] = 'd'; header[37] = 'a'; header[38] = 't'; header[39] = 'a'; header[40] = (byte) (totalDataLen & 0xff); header[41] = (byte) (totalDataLen >> 8 & 0xff); header[42] = (byte) (totalDataLen >> 16 & 0xff); header[43] = (byte) (totalDataLen >> 24 & 0xff); return header; }
根據幾個參數設置一下文件頭,然後直接寫入錄音採集到的pcm數據,就可被正常播放了。wav文件頭格式定義,可點擊這裡查看或自行百度。
如果想要通過AudioRecord錄音直接保存到文件,可參考下麵方法
public void startRecord(String filePath, AudioParams params, RecordCallback callback) { int channelCount = params.getChannelCount(); int bits = params.getBits(); final boolean storeFile = filePath != null && !filePath.isEmpty(); startRecord(params, (bytes, len) -> { if (storeFile) { if (file == null) { File f = new File(filePath); if (f.exists()) { f.delete(); } try { file = new RandomAccessFile(f, "rw"); file.write(getWaveFileHeader(0, params.simpleRate, channelCount, bits)); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (len > 0) { try { file.write(bytes, 0, len); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } else { try { // 因為在前面已經寫入頭信息,所以這裡要減去頭信息才是數據的長度 int length = (int) file.length() - 44; file.seek(0); file.write(getWaveFileHeader(length, params.simpleRate, channelCount, bits)); file.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } if (callback != null) { callback.onRecord(bytes, len); } }); }
先通過RandomAccessFile創建文件,先寫入文件頭,由於暫時我們不知道會錄多長,有多少pcm數據,長度先用0表示,等錄音結束後,通過seek(int)方法重新寫入文件頭信息,也可以先把pcm數據保存到臨時文件,然後再寫入到一個新的文件中,這裡就不舉例說明瞭。
最後放入完整類的代碼
package cn.sskbskdrin.record.audio; import android.media.AudioRecord; import android.media.MediaRecorder; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.RandomAccessFile; /** * @author sskbskdrin * @date 2019/April/3 */ public class AudioRecordManager { private AudioParams DEFAULT_FORMAT = new AudioParams(8000, 1, 16); private AudioRecord record; private Thread recordThread; private boolean recording = false; private RandomAccessFile file; public void startRecord(String filePath, RecordCallback callback) { startRecord(filePath, DEFAULT_FORMAT, callback); } public void startRecord(String filePath, AudioParams params, RecordCallback callback) { int channelCount = params.getChannelCount(); int bits = params.getBits(); final boolean storeFile = filePath != null && !filePath.isEmpty(); startRecord(params, (bytes, len) -> { if (storeFile) { if (file == null) { File f = new File(filePath); if (f.exists()) { f.delete(); } try { file = new RandomAccessFile(f, "rw"); file.write(getWaveFileHeader(0, params.simpleRate, channelCount, bits)); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (len > 0) { try { file.write(bytes, 0, len); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } else { try { // 因為在前面已經寫入頭信息,所以這裡要減去頭信息才是數據的長度 int length = (int) file.length() - 44; file.seek(0); file.write(getWaveFileHeader(length, params.simpleRate, channelCount, bits)); file.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } if (callback != null) { callback.onRecord(bytes, len); } }); } public void startRecord(AudioParams params, RecordCallback callback) { int simpleRate = params.simpleRate; int channelConfig = params.getChannelConfig(); int audioFormat = params.getEncodingFormat(); // 根據AudioRecord提供的api拿到最小緩存大小 int bufferSize = AudioRecord.getMinBufferSize(simpleRate, channelConfig, audioFormat); //創建Record對象 record = new AudioRecord(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC, simpleRate, channelConfig, audioFormat, bufferSize); recordThread = new Thread(() -> { byte[] buffer = new byte[bufferSize]; record.startRecording(); recording = true; while (recording) { int read = record.read(buffer, 0, bufferSize); // 將數據回調到外部 if (read > 0 && callback != null) { callback.onRecord(buffer, read); } } if (callback != null) { // len 為-1時表示結束 callback.onRecord(buffer, -1); recording = false; } //釋放資源 release(); }); recordThread.start(); } public void stop() { recording = false; } public void release() { recording = false; if (record != null) { record.stop(); record.release(); } record = null; file = null; recordThread = null; } private static byte[] getWaveFileHeader(int totalDataLen, int sampleRate, int channelCount, int bits) { byte[] header = new byte[44]; // RIFF/WAVE header header[0] = 'R'; header[1] = 'I'; header[2] = 'F'; header[3] = 'F'; int fileLength = totalDataLen + 36; header[4] = (byte) (fileLength & 0xff); header[5] = (byte) (fileLength >> 8 & 0xff); header[6] = (byte) (fileLength >> 16 & 0xff); header[7] = (byte) (fileLength >> 24 & 0xff); //WAVE header[8] = 'W'; header[9] = 'A'; header[10] = 'V'; header[11] = 'E'; // 'fmt ' chunk header[12] = 'f'; header[13] = 'm'; header[14] = 't'; header[15] = ' '; // 4 bytes: size of 'fmt ' chunk header[16] = 16; header[17] = 0; header[18] = 0; header[19] = 0; // pcm format = 1 header[20] = 1; header[21] = 0; header[22] = (byte) channelCount; header[23] = 0; header[24] = (byte) (sampleRate & 0xff); header[25] = (byte) (sampleRate >> 8 & 0xff); header[26] = (byte) (sampleRate >> 16 & 0xff); header[27] = (byte) (sampleRate >> 24 & 0xff); int byteRate = sampleRate * bits * channelCount / 8; header[28] = (byte) (byteRate & 0xff); header[29] = (byte) (byteRate >> 8 & 0xff); header[30] = (byte) (byteRate >> 16 & 0xff); header[31] = (byte) (byteRate >> 24 & 0xff); // block align header[32] = (byte) (channelCount * bits / 8); header[33] = 0; // bits per sample header[34] = (byte) bits; header[35] = 0; //data header[36] = 'd'; header[37] = 'a'; header[38] = 't'; header[39] = 'a'; header[40] = (byte) (totalDataLen & 0xff); header[41] = (byte) (totalDataLen >> 8 & 0xff); header[42] = (byte) (totalDataLen >> 16 & 0xff); header[43] = (byte) (totalDataLen >> 24 & 0xff); return header; } public interface RecordCallback { /** * 數據回調 * * @param bytes 數據 * @param len 數據有效長度,-1時表示數據結束 */ void onRecord(byte[] bytes, int len); } }View Code
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