CentOS 搭建Graylog集群詳解

1. Graylog2 簡介

　　Graylog 是一個簡單易用、功能較全面的日誌管理工具，相比 ELK 組合， 優點：

• • 部署維護簡單，一體化解決方案，不像ELK三個獨立系統集成。
  • 查相比ES json語法，搜索語法更加簡單，如 source:mongo AND reponse_time_ms:>5000。
  • 內置簡單的告警。
  • 可以將搜索條件導出為 json格式文本，方便開發調用ES rest api搜索腳本。
  • 自己開發採集日誌的腳本，並用curl/nc發送到Graylog Server，發送格式是自定義的GELF，Flunted和Logstash都有相應的輸出GELF消息的插件。自己開髮帶來很大的自由度。實際上只需要用inotifywait監控日誌的modify事件，並把日誌的新增行用curl/netcat發送到Graylog Server就可。
  • UI 比較友好，搜索結果高亮顯示。

　　當然，在拓展性上，graylog還是不如ELK。

　　Graylog整體組成：

• • Graylog提供 graylog 對外介面， CPU 密集
  • Elasticsearch 日誌文件的持久化存儲和檢索， IO 密集 
  • MongoDB 存儲一些 Graylog 的配置 

2. Graylog架構

　　單server架構 :

　　Graylog集群架構 :

3. Graylog安裝

　　這裡我搭建的是集群方案，但是將ES與Graylog和MongoDB部署在同一臺server上。

　　① 前提條件：

$ sudo yum install java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless.x86_64
$ sed -i 's/^SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
$ setenforce 0

#安裝pwgen
$ sudo yum install epel-release
$ sudo yum install pwgen

　　② MongoDB安裝：

　　創建/etc/yum.repos.d/mongodb-org-3.2.repo文件，添加如下內容：

[mongodb-org-3.2]
name=MongoDB Repository
baseurl=https://repo.mongodb.org/yum/redhat/$releasever/mongodb-org/3.2/x86_64/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=https://www.mongodb.org/static/pgp/server-3.2.asc

　　安裝MongoDB：

sudo yum install mongodb-org

　　啟動服務：

$ sudo chkconfig --add mongod
$ sudo systemctl daemon-reload
$ sudo systemctl enable mongod.service
$ sudo systemctl start mongod.service

　　③Elasticsearch安裝：

　　Graylog 2.3.x 支持 Elasticsearch 5.x版本。

　　首先安裝Elastic GPG key以及repository文件，然後yum安裝：

$ rpm --import https://artifacts.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch

$ cat /etc/yum.repos.d/elasticsearch.repo
[elasticsearch-5.x]
name=Elasticsearch repository for 5.x packages
baseurl=https://artifacts.elastic.co/packages/5.x/yum
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://artifacts.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch
enabled=1
autorefresh=1
type=rpm-md

$ sudo yum install elasticsearch

　　編輯Elasticsearch配置文件/etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml，添加cluster信息：

# cat /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml 
# ======================== Elasticsearch Configuration =========================
#
# NOTE: Elasticsearch comes with reasonable defaults for most settings.
#       Before you set out to tweak and tune the configuration, make sure you
#       understand what are you trying to accomplish and the consequences.
#
# The primary way of configuring a node is via this file. This template lists
# the most important settings you may want to configure for a production cluster.
#
# Please consult the documentation for further information on configuration options:
# https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/index.html
#
# ---------------------------------- Cluster -----------------------------------
#
# Use a descriptive name for your cluster:
#
cluster.name: graylog
#
# ------------------------------------ Node ------------------------------------
#
# Use a descriptive name for the node:
#
node.name: shop-log-02
#
# Add custom attributes to the node:
#
#node.attr.rack: r1
#
# ----------------------------------- Paths ------------------------------------
#
# Path to directory where to store the data (separate multiple locations by comma):
#
path.data: /data/elasticsearch/db
#
# Path to log files:
#
path.logs: /data/elasticsearch/logs
#
# ----------------------------------- Memory -----------------------------------
#
# Lock the memory on startup:
#
#bootstrap.memory_lock: true
#
# Make sure that the heap size is set to about half the memory available
# on the system and that the owner of the process is allowed to use this
# limit.
#
# Elasticsearch performs poorly when the system is swapping the memory.
#
# ---------------------------------- Network -----------------------------------
#
# Set the bind address to a specific IP (IPv4 or IPv6):
#
network.host: 10.2.2.42
#
# Set a custom port for HTTP:
#
http.port: 9200
#
# For more information, consult the network module documentation.
#
# --------------------------------- Discovery ----------------------------------
#
# Pass an initial list of hosts to perform discovery when new node is started:
# The default list of hosts is ["127.0.0.1", "[::1]"]
#
# 這裡給其他兩個節點的地址
discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: ["10.2.2.41", "10.2.2.43"]
#
# Prevent the "split brain" by configuring the majority of nodes (total number of master-eligible nodes / 2 + 1):
#
discovery.zen.minimum_master_nodes: 2
#
# For more information, consult the zen discovery module documentation.
#
# ---------------------------------- Gateway -----------------------------------
#
# Block initial recovery after a full cluster restart until N nodes are started:
#
#gateway.recover_after_nodes: 3
#
# For more information, consult the gateway module documentation.
#
# ---------------------------------- Various -----------------------------------
#
# Require explicit names when deleting indices:
#
#action.destructive_requires_name: true
http.cors.enabled: true
http.cors.allow-origin: "*"

　　啟動Elasticsearch服務：

$ sudo chkconfig --add elasticsearch
$ sudo systemctl daemon-reload
$ sudo systemctl enable elasticsearch.service
$ sudo systemctl restart elasticsearch.service

　　④Graylog安裝

$ sudo rpm -Uvh https://packages.graylog2.org/repo/packages/graylog-2.3-repository_latest.rpm
$ sudo yum install graylog-server

　　編輯graylog配置文件 /etc/graylog/server/server.conf，添加 password_secret和 password_secret_sha2(必須)

　　可以使用 echo -n yourpassword | sha256sum 命令來生成 password_secret_sha2。

　　設置rest_listen_uri以及web_listen_uri為公共ip或公共hostname，以便連接graylog。

  1 # cat /etc/graylog/server/server.conf
  2 ############################
  3 # GRAYLOG CONFIGURATION FILE
  4 ############################
  5 #
  6 # This is the Graylog configuration file. The file has to use ISO 8859-1/Latin-1 character encoding.
  7 # Characters that cannot be directly represented in this encoding can be written using Unicode escapes
  8 # as defined in https://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jls/se8/html/jls-3.html#jls-3.3, using the \u prefix.
  9 # For example, \u002c.
 10 # 
 11 # * Entries are generally expected to be a single line of the form, one of the following:
 12 #
 13 # propertyName=propertyValue
 14 # propertyName:propertyValue
 15 #
 16 # * White space that appears between the property name and property value is ignored,
 17 #   so the following are equivalent:
 18 # 
 19 # name=Stephen
 20 # name = Stephen
 21 #
 22 # * White space at the beginning of the line is also ignored.
 23 #
 24 # * Lines that start with the comment characters ! or # are ignored. Blank lines are also ignored.
 25 #
 26 # * The property value is generally terminated by the end of the line. White space following the
 27 #   property value is not ignored, and is treated as part of the property value.
 28 #
 29 # * A property value can span several lines if each line is terminated by a backslash (鈥榎鈥 character.
 30 #   For example:
 31 #
 32 # targetCities=\
 33 #         Detroit,\
 34 #         Chicago,\
 35 #         Los Angeles
 36 #
 37 #   This is equivalent to targetCities=Detroit,Chicago,Los Angeles (white space at the beginning of lines is ignored).
 38 # 
 39 # * The characters newline, carriage return, and tab can be inserted with characters \n, \r, and \t, respectively.
 40 # 
 41 # * The backslash character must be escaped as a double backslash. For example:
 42 # 
 43 # path=c:\\docs\\doc1
 44 #
 45 
 46 # If you are running more than one instances of Graylog server you have to select one of these
 47 # instances as master. The master will perform some periodical tasks that non-masters won't perform.
 48 is_master = false
 49 
 50 # The auto-generated node ID will be stored in this file and read after restarts. It is a good idea
 51 # to use an absolute file path here if you are starting Graylog server from init scripts or similar.
 52 node_id_file = /etc/graylog/server/node-id
 53 
 54 # You MUST set a secret to secure/pepper the stored user passwords here. Use at least 64 characters.
 55 # Generate one by using for example: pwgen -N 1 -s 96
 56 password_secret = BjwAAuTEWDQNtAKhUL5lQ3TvW41saWseKpRdTSrecBFifsCJDXak4fudnACBcaMyl0I4yzJDF801Kyasdfsdfasdfasdfasd
 57 
 58 # The default root user is named 'admin'
 59 root_username = admin
 60 
 61 # You MUST specify a hash password for the root user (which you only need to initially set up the
 62 # system and in case you lose connectivity to your authentication backend)
 63 # This password cannot be changed using the API or via the web interface. If you need to change it,
 64 # modify it in this file.
 65 # Create one by using for example: echo -n yourpassword | shasum -a 256
 66 # and put the resulting hash value into the following line
 67 root_password_sha2 = 926c00b3f65df24b65a9a7b58a989add920c81441dccd2
 68 dsfasdfasdf
 69 # The email address of the root user.
 70 # Default is empty
 71 #root_email = ""
 72 
 73 # The time zone setting of the root user. See http://www.joda.org/joda-time/timezones.html for a list of valid time zones.
 74 # Default is UTC
 75 root_timezone = Asia/Shanghai
 76 
 77 # Set plugin directory here (relative or absolute)
 78 plugin_dir = /usr/share/graylog-server/plugin
 79 
 80 # REST API listen URI. Must be reachable by other Graylog server nodes if you run a cluster.
 81 # When using Graylog Collectors, this URI will be used to receive heartbeat messages and must be accessible for all collectors.
 82 rest_listen_uri = http://10.2.2.42:9000/api/
 83 
 84 # REST API transport address. Defaults to the value of rest_listen_uri. Exception: If rest_listen_uri
 85 # is set to a wildcard IP address (0.0.0.0) the first non-loopback IPv4 system address is used.
 86 # If set, this will be promoted in the cluster discovery APIs, so other nodes may try to connect on
 87 # this address and it is used to generate URLs addressing entities in the REST API. (see rest_listen_uri)
 88 # You will need to define this, if your Graylog server is running behind a HTTP proxy that is rewriting
 89 # the scheme, host name or URI.
 90 # This must not contain a wildcard address (0.0.0.0).
 91 rest_transport_uri = http://10.2.2.42:9000/api/
 92 
 93 # Enable CORS headers for REST API. This is necessary for JS-clients accessing the server directly.
 94 # If these are disabled, modern browsers will not be able to retrieve resources from the server.
 95 # This is enabled by default. Uncomment the next line to disable it.
 96 #rest_enable_cors = false
 97 
 98 # Enable GZIP support for REST API. This compresses API responses and therefore helps to reduce
 99 # overall round trip times. This is enabled by default. Uncomment the next line to disable it.
100 #rest_enable_gzip = false
101 
102 # Enable HTTPS support for the REST API. This secures the communication with the REST API with
103 # TLS to prevent request forgery and eavesdropping. This is disabled by default. Uncomment the
104 # next line to enable it.
105 #rest_enable_tls = true
106 
107 # The X.509 certificate chain file in PEM format to use for securing the REST API.
108 #rest_tls_cert_file = /path/to/graylog.crt
109 
110 # The PKCS#8 private key file in PEM format to use for securing the REST API.
111 #rest_tls_key_file = /path/to/graylog.key
112 
113 # The password to unlock the private key used for securing the REST API.
114 #rest_tls_key_password = secret
115 
116 # The maximum size of the HTTP request headers in bytes.
117 #rest_max_header_size = 8192
118 
119 # The maximal length of the initial HTTP/1.1 line in bytes.
120 #rest_max_initial_line_length = 4096
121 
122 # The size of the thread pool used exclusively for serving the REST API.
123 #rest_thread_pool_size = 16
124 
125 # Comma separated list of trusted proxies that are allowed to set the client address with X-Forwarded-For
126 # header. May be subnets, or hosts.
127 #trusted_proxies = 127.0.0.1/32, 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1/128
128 
129 # Enable the embedded Graylog web interface.
130 # Default: true
131 web_enable = true
132 
133 # Web interface listen URI.
134 # Configuring a path for the URI here effectively prefixes all URIs in the web interface. This is a replacement
135 # for the application.context configuration parameter in pre-2.0 versions of the Graylog web interface.
136 web_listen_uri = http://10.2.2.42:9000/
137 
138 # Web interface endpoint URI. This setting can be overriden on a per-request basis with the X-Graylog-Server-URL header.
139 # Default: $rest_transport_uri
140 web_endpoint_uri = http://42.111.111.111:9000/api
141 
142 # Enable CORS headers for the web interface. This is necessary for JS-clients accessing the server directly.
143 # If these are disabled, modern browsers will not be able to retrieve resources from the server.
144 web_enable_cors = true
145 
146 # Enable/disable GZIP support for the web interface. This compresses HTTP responses and therefore helps to reduce
147 # overall round trip times. This is enabled by default. Uncomment the next line to disable it.
148 #web_enable_gzip = false
149 
150 # Enable HTTPS support for the web interface. This secures the communication of the web browser with the web interface
151 # using TLS to prevent request forgery and eavesdropping.
152 # This is disabled by default. Uncomment the next line to enable it and see the other related configuration settings.
153 #web_enable_tls = true
154 
155 # The X.509 certificate chain file in PEM format to use for securing the web interface.
156 #web_tls_cert_file = /path/to/graylog-web.crt
157 
158 # The PKCS#8 private key file in PEM format to use for securing the web interface.
159 #web_tls_key_file = /path/to/graylog-web.key
160 
161 # The password to unlock the private key used for securing the web interface.
162 #web_tls_key_password = secret
163 
164 # The maximum size of the HTTP request headers in bytes.
165 #web_max_header_size = 8192
166 
167 # The maximal length of the initial HTTP/1.1 line in bytes.
168 #web_max_initial_line_length = 4096
169 
170 # The size of the thread pool used exclusively for serving the web interface.
171 #web_thread_pool_size = 16
172 
173 # List of Elasticsearch hosts Graylog should connect to.
174 # Need to be specified as a comma-separated list of valid URIs for the http ports of your elasticsearch nodes.
175 # If one or more of your elasticsearch hosts require authentication, include the credentials in each node URI that
176 # requires authentication.
177 #
178 # Default: http://127.0.0.1:9200
179 elasticsearch_hosts = http://grayloguser:[email protected]:9200,http://grayloguser:[email protected]:9200,http://grayloguser:[email protected]:9200
180 
181 # Maximum amount of time to wait for successfull connection to Elasticsearch HTTP port.
182 #
183 # Default: 10 Seconds
184 #elasticsearch_connect_timeout = 10s
185 
186 # Maximum amount of time to wait for reading back a response from an Elasticsearch server.
187 #
188 # Default: 60 seconds
189 #elasticsearch_socket_timeout = 60s
190 
191 # Maximum idle time for an Elasticsearch connection. If this is exceeded, this connection will
192 # be tore down.
193 #
194 # Default: inf
195 #elasticsearch_idle_timeout = -1s
196 
197 # Maximum number of total connections to Elasticsearch.
198 #
199 # Default: 20
200 #elasticsearch_max_total_connections = 20
201 
202 # Maximum number of total connections per Elasticsearch route (normally this means per
203 # elasticsearch server).
204 #
205 # Default: 2
206 #elasticsearch_max_total_connections_per_route = 2
207 
208 # Maximum number of times Graylog will retry failed requests to Elasticsearch.
209 #
210 # Default: 2
211 #elasticsearch_max_retries = 2
212 
213 # Enable automatic Elasticsearch node discovery through Nodes Info,
214 # see https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/5.4/cluster-nodes-info.html
215 #
216 # WARNING: Automatic node discovery does not work if Elasticsearch requires authentication, e. g. with Shield.
217 #
218 # Default: false
219 #elasticsearch_discovery_enabled = true
220 
221 # Filter for including/excluding Elasticsearch nodes in discovery according to their custom attributes,
222 # see https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/5.4/cluster.html#cluster-nodes
223 #
224 # Default: empty
225 #elasticsearch_discovery_filter = rack:42
226 
227 # Frequency of the Elasticsearch node discovery.
228 #
229 # Default: 30s
230 # elasticsearch_discovery_frequency = 30s
231 
232 # Enable payload compression for Elasticsearch requests.
233 #
234 # Default: false
235 #elasticsearch_compression_enabled = true
236 
237 # Graylog will use multiple indices to store documents in. You can configured the strategy it uses to determine
238 # when to rotate the currently active write index.
239 # It supports multiple rotation strategies:
240 #   - "count" of messages per index, use elasticsearch_max_docs_per_index below to configure
241 #   - "size" per index, use elasticsearch_max_size_per_index below to configure
242 # valid values are "count", "size" and "time", default is "count"
243 #
244 # ATTENTION: These settings have been moved to the database in 2.0. When you upgrade, make sure to set these
245 #            to your previous 1.x settings so they will be migrated to the database!
246 rotation_strategy = count
247 
248 # (Approximate) maximum number of documents in an Elasticsearch index before a new index
249 # is being created, also see no_retention and elasticsearch_max_number_of_indices.
250 # Configure this if you used 'rotation_strategy = count' above.
251 #
252 # ATTENTION: These settings have been moved to the database in 2.0. When you upgrade, make sure to set these
253 #            to your previous 1.x settings so they will be migrated to the database!
254 elasticsearch_max_docs_per_index = 20000000
255 
256 # (Approximate) maximum size in bytes per Elasticsearch index on disk before a new index is being created, also see
257 # no_retention and elasticsearch_max_number_of_indices. Default is 1GB.
258 # Configure this if you used 'rotation_strategy = size' above.
259 #
260 # ATTENTION: These settings have been moved to the database in 2.0. When you upgrade, make sure to set these
261 #            to your previous 1.x settings so they will be migrated to the database!
262 #elasticsearch_max_size_per_index = 1073741824
263 
264 # (Approximate) maximum time before a new Elasticsearch index is being created, also see
265 # no_retention and elasticsearch_max_number_of_indices. Default is 1 day.
266 # Configure this if you used 'rotation_strategy = time' above.
267 # Please note that this rotation period does not look at the time specified in the received messages, but is
268 # using the real clock value to decide when to rotate the index!
269 # Specify the time using a duration and a suffix indicating which unit you want:
270 #  1w  = 1 week
271 #  1d  = 1 day
272 #  12h = 12 hours
273 # Permitted suffixes are: d for day, h for hour, m for minute, s for second.
274 #
275 # ATTENTION: These settings have been moved to the database in 2.0. When you upgrade, make sure to set these
276 #            to your previous 1.x settings so they will be migrated to the database!
277 #elasticsearch_max_time_per_index = 1d
278 
279 # Disable checking the version of Elasticsearch for being compatible with this Graylog release.
280 # WARNING: Using Graylog with unsupported and untested versions of Elasticsearch may lead to data loss!
281 #elasticsearch_disable_version_check = true
282 
283 # Disable message retention on this node, i. e. disable Elasticsearch index rotation.
284 #no_retention = false
285 
286 # How many indices do you want to keep?
287 #
288 # ATTENTION: These settings have been moved to the database in 2.0. When you upgrade, make sure to set these
289 #            to your previous 1.x settings so they will be migrated to the database!
290 elasticsearch_max_number_of_indices = 20
291 
292 # Decide what happens with the oldest indices when the maximum number of indices is reached.
293 # The following strategies are availble:
294 #   - delete # Deletes the index completely (Default)
295 #   - close # Closes the index and hides it from the system. Can be re-opened later.
296 #
297 # ATTENTION: These settings have been moved to the database in 2.0. When you upgrade, make sure to set these
298 #            to your previous 1.x settings so they will be migrated to the database!
299 retention_strategy = delete
300 
301 # How many Elasticsearch shards and replicas should be used per index? Note that this only applies to newly created indices.
302 # ATTENTION: These settings have been moved to the database in Graylog 2.2.0. When you upgrade, make sure to set these
303 #            to your previous settings so they will be migrated to the database!
304 elasticsearch_shards = 3
305 elasticsearch_replicas = 1
306 
307 # Prefix for all Elasticsearch indices and index aliases managed by Graylog.
308 #
309 # ATTENTION: These settings have been moved to the database in Graylog 2.2.0. When you upgrade, make sure to set these
310 #            to your previous settings so they will be migrated to the database!
311 elasticsearch_index_prefix = graylog
312 
313 # Name of the Elasticsearch index template used by Graylog to apply the mandatory index mapping.
314 # Default: graylog-internal
315 #
316 # ATTENTION: These settings have been moved to the database in Graylog 2.2.0. When you upgrade, make sure to set these
317 #            to your previous settings so they will be migrated to the database!
318 #elasticsearch_template_name = graylog-internal
319 
320 # Do you want to allow searches with leading wildcards? This can be extremely resource hungry and should only
321 # be enabled with care. See also: http://docs.graylog.org/en/2.1/pages/queries.html
322 allow_leading_wildcard_searches = false
323 
324 # Do you want to allow searches to be highlighted? Depending on the size of your messages this can be memory hungry and
325 # should only be enabled after making sure your Elasticsearch cluster has enough memory.
326 allow_highlighting = true
327 
328 # Analyzer (tokenizer) to use for message and full_message field. The "standard" filter usually is a good idea.
329 # All supported analyzers are: standard, simple, whitespace, stop, keyword, pattern, language, snowball, custom
330 # Elasticsearch documentation: https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/2.3/analysis.html
331 # Note that this setting only takes effect on newly created indices.
332 #
333 # ATTENTION: These settings have been moved to the database in Graylog 2.2.0. When you upgrade, make sure to set these
334 #            to your previous settings so they will be migrated to the database!
335 elasticsearch_analyzer = standard
336 
337 # Global request timeout for Elasticsearch requests (e. g. during search, index creation, or index time-range
338 # calculations) based on a best-effort to restrict the runtime of Elasticsearch operations.
339 # Default: 1m
340 #elasticsearch_request_timeout = 1m
341 
342 # Global timeout for index optimization (force merge) requests.
343 # Default: 1h
344 #elasticsearch_index_optimization_timeout = 1h
345 
346 # Maximum number of concurrently running index optimization (force merge) jobs.
347 # If you are using lots of different index sets, you might want to increase that number.
348 # Default: 20
349 #elasticsearch_index_optimization_jobs = 20
350 
351 # Time interval for index range information cleanups. This setting defines how often stale index range information
352 # is being purged from the database.
353 # Default: 1h
354 #index_ranges_cleanup_interval = 1h
355 
356 # Batch size for the Elasticsearch output. This is the maximum (!) number of messages the Elasticsearch output
357 # module will get at once and write to Elasticsearch in a batch call. If the configured batch size has not been
358 # reached within output_flush_interval seconds, everything that is available will be flushed at once. Remember
359 # that every outputbuffer processor manages its own batch and performs its own batch write calls.
360 # ("outputbuffer_processors" variable)
361 output_batch_size = 500
362 
363 # Flush interval (in seconds) for the Elasticsearch output. This is the maximum amount of time between two
364 # batches of messages written to Elasticsearch. It is only effective at all if your minimum number of messages
365 # for this time period is less than output_batch_size * outputbuffer_processors.
366 output_flush_interval = 1
367 
368 # As stream outputs are loaded only on demand, an output which is failing to initialize will be tried over and
369 # over again.