快速安裝測試版Mysql

本文操作系統: CentOS 7.2.1511 x86_64
MySQL 版本: 5.7.13

1、卸載系統自帶的 mariadb-lib

[root@centos-linux ~]# rpm -qa|grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.44-2.el7.centos.x86_64
[root@centos-linux ~]# rpm -e mariadb-libs-5.5.44-2.el7.centos.x86_64 --nodeps

2、下載 rpm 安裝包

去官網找到最新的 rpm 集合包。現在最新的是 mysql-5.7.13-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

複製其下載地址，在伺服器下載 (或者本地下載了上傳至伺服器)。

[root@centos-linux ~]# wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.13-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

然後解壓

[root@centos-linux ~]# ls
mysql-5.7.13-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
[root@centos-linux ~]# tar xvf mysql-5.7.13-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
mysql-community-test-5.7.13-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-5.7.13-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-compat-5.7.13-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-5.7.13-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-client-5.7.13-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-5.7.13-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-minimal-5.7.13-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.13-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-devel-5.7.13-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.13-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-5.7.13-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-minimal-debuginfo-5.7.13-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

3、安裝

依次執行（幾個包有依賴關係，所以執行有先後）下麵命令安裝

[root@centos-linux ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.13-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@centos-linux ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.13-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@centos-linux ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.13-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@centos-linux ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.13-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

4、資料庫初始化

在 *nix 系統中，為了保證資料庫目錄為與文件的所有者為 mysql 登陸用戶，如果你是以 root 身份運行 mysql 服務，需要執行下麵的命令初始化

mysqld --initialize --user=mysql

如果是以 mysql 身份運行，則可以去掉 --user 選項。

另外 --initialize 選項預設以“安全”模式來初始化，則會為 root 用戶生成一個密碼並將該密碼標記為過期，登陸後你需要設置一個新的密碼，而使用 --initialize-insecure 命令則不使用安全模式，則不會為 root 用戶生成一個密碼。

這裡演示使用的 --initialize 初始化的，會生成一個 root 賬戶密碼，密碼在log文件里

[root@centos-linux ~]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log
2016-07-16T07:56:38.282824Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2016-07-16T07:56:38.422114Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2016-07-16T07:56:38.449315Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2016-07-16T07:56:38.457910Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: d3261dbf-4b2a-11e6-86ef-001c4260563f.
2016-07-16T07:56:38.458976Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2016-07-16T07:56:38.459524Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: hm9dKgzQdm:W

上圖裡的最後一行則給出了生成的密碼，現在就可以啟動資料庫了，然後使用上面的密碼登陸。

[root@centos-linux ~]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@centos-linux ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.13

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

5、修改 root 密碼

該密碼被標記為過期了，如果想正常使用還需要修改密碼

mysql> show databases;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.

以前的 password()函數將會被拋棄，官方建議使用下麵的命令來修改密碼

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'new_password';

同時，如果你設置的密碼過於簡單也會報錯。

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123';
ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements

溫馨提示：密碼要複雜，安全是第一呦！！