HarmonyOS開發實例：【相機和媒體庫】

介紹在ArkTS中調用相機拍照和錄像，以及如何使用媒體庫介面進行媒體文件的增、刪、改、查操作。本示例用到了許可權管理能力相機模塊能力介面圖片處理介面音視頻相關媒體業務能力介面媒體庫管理介面設備信息能力介面文件存儲管理能力介面彈窗能力介面效果預覽使用說明 1.啟動應用，在許可權彈窗中 ...

介紹

在ArkTS中調用相機拍照和錄像，以及如何使用媒體庫介面進行媒體文件的增、刪、改、查操作。本示例用到了

許可權管理能力
相機模塊能力介面
圖片處理介面
音視頻相關媒體業務能力介面
媒體庫管理介面
設備信息能力介面
文件存儲管理能力介面
彈窗能力介面

效果預覽

使用說明

1.啟動應用，在許可權彈窗中授權後返回應用，首頁顯示當前設備的相冊信息，首頁監聽相冊變化會刷新相冊列表。

2.點擊 + 按鈕，彈出相機、錄音、文本文件三個圖標。

3.安裝相機應用[Camera]應用後，點擊相機圖標，進入相機界面，預設是拍照模式，點擊底部拍照按鈕可以拍照，拍照完成會在底部左側顯示照片預覽圖。點擊錄像切換到錄像模式，點擊底部按鈕開始錄像，點擊結束按鈕結束錄像，結束錄像後底部左側顯示視頻圖標。點擊系統Back鍵或界面頂部返回按鈕返迴首頁。

4.點擊錄音圖標進入錄音界面，點擊右側開始按鈕開始錄音，按鈕變為暫停按鈕，點擊可以暫停和繼續錄音，點擊左側結束按鈕結束錄音返迴首頁。

5.點擊文本圖標進入文本編輯界面，輸入文本內容後點擊Save按鈕，會創建並寫入文本文件，完成後返迴首頁。

6.點擊相冊進入文件列表界面，展示相冊內的文件，列表中有刪除和重命名按鈕，點擊可以刪除文件和重命名文件。

7.安裝視頻播放[VideoPlayer]應用後，點擊視頻文件可以調起視頻播放界面播放該視頻。

工程目錄

entry/src/main/ets/
|---MainAbility
|   |---MainAbility.ts                      // 主程式入口，應用啟動時獲取相應許可權
|---pages
|   |---index.ets                           // 首頁
|   |---AlbumPage.ets                       // 相冊頁面
|   |---CameraPage.ets                      // 相機頁面
|   |---RecordPage.ets                      // 錄音頁面
|   |---DocumentPage.ets                    // 存儲文件頁面
|---model                                  
|   |---CameraService.ts                    // 相機模塊（拍照錄像模式）
|   |---DateTimeUtil.ts                     // 日期工具包
|   |---MediaUtils.ts                       // 媒體工具模塊
|   |---RecordModel.ts                      // 錄音模塊（底層能力實現）
|   |---TimeUtils.ts                        // 時間工具包
|---view                                    
|   |---BasicDataSource.ets                 // 初始化媒體服務數組
|   |---MediaItem.ets                       // 定義具體的某一媒體模塊頁面 
|   |---MediaView.ets                       // 媒體模塊的前置模塊(判斷是否有展示的媒體內容)
|   |---RenameDialog.ets                    // 重命名文件模塊 
|   |---TitleBar.ets                        // 標題欄

具體實現

佈局原理：定義@ObjectLink 裝飾的數組變數album存放資源文件，使用list()組件中ListItem()迴圈數組展示，加號Button()，點擊後觸發 animateTo({ duration: 500, curve: Curve.Ease })控制動畫展示,[源碼參考]。

/*

 * Copyright (c) 2022-2023 Huawei Device Co., Ltd.

 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");

 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

 * You may obtain a copy of the License at

 *

 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

 *

 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

 * limitations under the License.

 */



import mediaLibrary from '@ohos.multimedia.mediaLibrary';

import common from '@ohos.app.ability.common';

import Want from '@ohos.app.ability.Want';

import router from '@ohos.router';

import TitleBar from '../view/TitleBar';

import MediaUtils from '../model/MediaUtils';

import { MediaView } from '../view/MediaView';

import Logger from '../model/Logger';



@Observed

export default class Album {

  constructor(public albumName: string, public count: number, public mediaType?: mediaLibrary.MediaType) {

    this.albumName = albumName;

    this.count = count;

    this.mediaType = mediaType;

  }

}



@Entry

@Component

struct Index {

  private mediaUtils: MediaUtils = MediaUtils.getInstance(getContext(this))

  @State albums: Array<Album> = []

  @State selectIndex: number = 0

  @State operateVisible: boolean = false



  async onPageShow() {

    this.albums = [];

    this.albums = await this.mediaUtils.getAlbums();

  }



  @Builder OperateBtn(src, zIndex, translate, handleClick) {

    Button() {

      Image(src)

        .width('70%')

        .height('70%')

    }

    .type(ButtonType.Circle)

    .width('40%')

    .height('40%')

    .backgroundColor('#0D9FFB')

    .zIndex(zIndex)

    .translate({ x: translate.x, y: translate.y })

    .transition({ type: TransitionType.Insert, translate: { x: 0, y: 0 } })

    .transition({ type: TransitionType.Delete, opacity: 0 })

    .onClick(handleClick)

  }



  build() {

    Stack({ alignContent: Alignment.BottomEnd }) {

      Column() {

        TitleBar()

        List() {

          ForEach(this.albums, (item: Album, index) => {

            ListItem() {

              MediaView({ album: item })

                .id(`mediaType${index}`)

            }

          }, item => item.albumName)

        }

        .divider({ strokeWidth: 1, color: Color.Gray, startMargin: 16, endMargin: 16 })

        .layoutWeight(1)

      }

      .width('100%')

      .height('100%')



      Stack({ alignContent: Alignment.Center }) {

        Button() {

          Image($r('app.media.add'))

            .width('100%')

            .height('100%')

        }

        .width(60)

        .height(60)

        .padding(10)

        .id('addBtn')

        .type(ButtonType.Circle)

        .backgroundColor('#0D9FFB')

        .onClick(() => {

          animateTo({ duration: 500, curve: Curve.Ease }, () => {

            this.operateVisible = !this.operateVisible

          })

        })



        Button() {

          Image($r('app.media.icon_camera'))

            .id('camera')

            .width('100%')

            .height('100%')

        }

        .width(60)

        .height(60)

        .padding(10)

        .type(ButtonType.Circle)

        .backgroundColor('#0D9FFB')

        .translate({ x: 0, y: -80 })

        .visibility(this.operateVisible ? Visibility.Visible : Visibility.None)

        .onClick(() => {

          this.operateVisible = !this.operateVisible;

          let context: common.UIAbilityContext | undefined = AppStorage.Get('context');

          let want: Want = {

            bundleName: "com.samples.camera_page",

            abilityName: "EntryAbility",

          };

          context && context.startAbility(want,  (err) => {

            if (err.code) {

              Logger.error('StartAbility', `Failed to startAbility. Code: ${err.code}, message: ${err.message}`);

            }

          });

        })



        Button() {

          Image($r('app.media.icon_record'))

            .id('record')

            .width('100%')

            .height('100%')

        }

        .width(60)

        .height(60)

        .padding(10)

        .type(ButtonType.Circle)

        .backgroundColor('#0D9FFB')

        .translate({ x: -80, y: 0 })

        .visibility(this.operateVisible ? Visibility.Visible : Visibility.None)

        .onClick(() => {

          this.operateVisible = !this.operateVisible

          router.push({ url: 'pages/RecordPage' })

        })



        Button() {

          Image($r('app.media.icon_document'))

            .width('100%')

            .height('100%')

        }

        .width(60)

        .height(60)

        .padding(10)

        .id('document')

        .type(ButtonType.Circle)

        .backgroundColor('#0D9FFB')

        .translate({ x: 0, y: 80 })

        .visibility(this.operateVisible ? Visibility.Visible : Visibility.None)

        .onClick(() => {

          this.operateVisible = !this.operateVisible

          router.pushUrl({ url: 'pages/DocumentPage' })

        })

      }

      .width(180)

      .height(220)

      .margin({ right: 40, bottom: 120 })

    }

    .width('100%')

    .height('100%')

  }



  aboutToDisappear() {

    this.mediaUtils.offDateChange()

  }

}

獲取資源文件：通過引入媒體庫實例（入口）介面@ohos.multimedia.medialibrary，例如通過this.getFileAssetsFromType(mediaLibrary.MediaType.FILE)獲取FILE類型的文件資源，並通過albums.push()添加至album數組中。
展示系統資源文件：當album內的值被修改時，只會讓用 @ObjectLink 裝飾的變數album所在的組件被刷新，當前組件不會刷新。
錄音功能：通過引入音視頻介面@ohos.multimedia.media，例如通過media.createAudioRecorder()創建音頻錄製的實例來控制音頻的錄製，通過this.audioRecorder.on('prepare', () => {this.audioRecorder.start()})非同步方式開始音頻錄製,[源碼參考]

/*

 * Copyright (c) 2022 Huawei Device Co., Ltd.

 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");

 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

 * You may obtain a copy of the License at

 *

 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

 *

 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

 * limitations under the License.

 */

import media from '@ohos.multimedia.media'

import Logger from '../model/Logger'



let audioConfig = {

  audioSourceType: 1,

  audioEncoder: 3,

  audioEncodeBitRate: 22050,

  audioSampleRate: 22050,

  numberOfChannels: 2,

  format: 6,

  uri: ''

}



export default class RecordModel {

  private tag: string = 'RecordModel'

  private audioRecorder: media.AudioRecorder = undefined



  initAudioRecorder(handleStateChange: () => void) {

    this.release();

    this.audioRecorder = media.createAudioRecorder()

    Logger.info(this.tag, 'create audioRecorder success')

    this.audioRecorder.on('prepare', () => {

      Logger.info(this.tag, 'setCallback  prepare case callback is called')

      this.audioRecorder.start()

    })

    this.audioRecorder.on('start', () => {

      Logger.info(this.tag, 'setCallback start case callback is called')

      handleStateChange()

    })

    this.audioRecorder.on('stop', () => {

      Logger.info(this.tag, 'audioRecorder stop called')

      this.audioRecorder.release()

    })

    this.audioRecorder.on('pause', () => {

      Logger.info(this.tag, 'audioRecorder pause finish')

      handleStateChange()

    })

    this.audioRecorder.on('resume', () => {

      Logger.info(this.tag, 'audioRecorder resume finish')

      handleStateChange()

    })

  }



  release() {

    if (typeof (this.audioRecorder) !== `undefined`) {

      Logger.info(this.tag, 'audioRecorder  release')

      this.audioRecorder.release()

      this.audioRecorder = undefined

    }

  }



  startRecorder(pathName: string) {

    Logger.info(this.tag, `startRecorder, pathName = ${pathName}`)

    if (typeof (this.audioRecorder) !== 'undefined') {

      Logger.info(this.tag, 'start prepare')

      audioConfig.uri = pathName

      this.audioRecorder.prepare(audioConfig)

    } else {

      Logger.error(this.tag, 'case failed, audioRecorder is null')

    }

  }



  pause() {

    Logger.info(this.tag, 'audioRecorder pause called')

    if (typeof (this.audioRecorder) !== `undefined`) {

      this.audioRecorder.pause()

    }

  }



  resume() {

    Logger.info(this.tag, 'audioRecorder resume called')

    if (typeof (this.audioRecorder) !== `undefined`) {

      this.audioRecorder.resume()

    }

  }



  finish() {

    if (typeof (this.audioRecorder) !== `undefined`) {

      this.audioRecorder.stop()

    }

  }

}

拍照錄像功能：通過引入相機模塊介面@ohos.multimedia.camera，例如通過this.cameraManager.createCaptureSession()創建相機入口的實例來控制拍照和錄像，通過this.captureSession.start()開始會話工作,[源碼參考]

/*

 * Copyright (c) 2022 Huawei Device Co., Ltd.

 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");

 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

 * You may obtain a copy of the License at

 *

 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

 *

 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

 * limitations under the License.

 */



import camera from '@ohos.multimedia.camera'

import deviceInfo from '@ohos.deviceInfo'

import fileio from '@ohos.fileio'

import image from '@ohos.multimedia.image'

import media from '@ohos.multimedia.media'

import mediaLibrary from '@ohos.multimedia.mediaLibrary'

import Logger from '../model/Logger'

import MediaUtils from '../model/MediaUtils'



const CameraMode = {

  MODE_PHOTO: 0, // 拍照模式

  MODE_VIDEO: 1 // 錄像模式

}



const CameraSize = {

  WIDTH: 1920,

  HEIGHT: 1080

}



export default class CameraService {

  private tag: string = 'CameraService'

  private context: any = undefined

  private mediaUtil: MediaUtils = undefined

  private cameraManager: camera.CameraManager = undefined

  private cameras: Array<camera.CameraDevice> = undefined

  private cameraId: string = ''

  private cameraInput: camera.CameraInput = undefined

  private previewOutput: camera.PreviewOutput = undefined

  private photoOutPut: camera.PhotoOutput = undefined

  private captureSession: camera.CaptureSession = undefined

  private mReceiver: image.ImageReceiver = undefined

  private photoUri: string = ''

  private fileAsset: mediaLibrary.FileAsset = undefined

  private fd: number = -1

  private curMode = CameraMode.MODE_PHOTO

  private videoRecorder: media.VideoRecorder = undefined

  private videoOutput: camera.VideoOutput = undefined

  private handleTakePicture: (photoUri: string) => void = undefined

  private cameraOutputCapability: camera.CameraOutputCapability = undefined

  private videoConfig: any = {

    audioSourceType: 1,

    videoSourceType: 0,

    profile: {

      audioBitrate: 48000,

      audioChannels: 2,

      audioCodec: 'audio/mp4v-es',

      audioSampleRate: 48000,

      durationTime: 1000,

      fileFormat: 'mp4',

      videoBitrate: 48000,

      videoCodec: 'video/mp4v-es',

      videoFrameWidth: 640,

      videoFrameHeight: 480,

      videoFrameRate: 30

    },

    url: '',

    orientationHint: 0,

    location: {

      latitude: 30, longitude: 130

    },

    maxSize: 10000,

    maxDuration: 10000

  }



  constructor(context: any) {

    this.context = context

    this.mediaUtil = MediaUtils.getInstance(context)

    this.mReceiver = image.createImageReceiver(CameraSize.WIDTH, CameraSize.HEIGHT, 4, 8)

    Logger.info(this.tag, 'createImageReceiver')

    this.mReceiver.on('imageArrival', () => {

      Logger.info(this.tag, 'imageArrival')

      this.mReceiver.readNextImage((err, image) => {

        Logger.info(this.tag, 'readNextImage')

        if (err || image === undefined) {

          Logger.error(this.tag, 'failed to get valid image')

          return

        }

        image.getComponent(4, (errMsg, img) => {

          Logger.info(this.tag, 'getComponent')

          if (errMsg || img === undefined) {

            Logger.info(this.tag, 'failed to get valid buffer')

            return

          }

          let buffer = new ArrayBuffer(4096)

          if (img.byteBuffer) {

            buffer = img.byteBuffer

          } else {

            Logger.error(this.tag, 'img.byteBuffer is undefined')

          }

          this.savePicture(buffer, image)

        })

      })

    })

  }



  async savePicture(buffer: ArrayBuffer, img: image.Image) {

    Logger.info(this.tag, 'savePicture')

    this.fileAsset = await this.mediaUtil.createAndGetUri(mediaLibrary.MediaType.IMAGE)

    this.photoUri = this.fileAsset.uri

    Logger.info(this.tag, `this.photoUri = ${this.photoUri}`)

    this.fd = await this.mediaUtil.getFdPath(this.fileAsset)

    Logger.info(this.tag, `this.fd = ${this.fd}`)

    await fileio.write(this.fd, buffer)

    await this.fileAsset.close(this.fd)

    await img.release()

    Logger.info(this.tag, 'save image done')

    if (this.handleTakePicture) {

      this.handleTakePicture(this.photoUri)

    }

  }



  async initCamera(surfaceId: string) {

    Logger.info(this.tag, 'initCamera')

    await this.releaseCamera()

    Logger.info(this.tag, `deviceInfo.deviceType = ${deviceInfo.deviceType}`)

    if (deviceInfo.deviceType === 'default') {

      this.videoConfig.videoSourceType = 1

    } else {

      this.videoConfig.videoSourceType = 0

    }

    this.cameraManager = await camera.getCameraManager(this.context)

    Logger.info(this.tag, 'getCameraManager')

    this.cameras = await this.cameraManager.getSupportedCameras()

    Logger.info(this.tag, `get cameras ${this.cameras.length}`)

    if (this.cameras.length === 0) {

      Logger.info(this.tag, 'cannot get cameras')

      return

    }



    let cameraDevice = this.cameras[0]

    this.cameraInput = await this.cameraManager.createCameraInput(cameraDevice)

    this.cameraInput.open()

    Logger.info(this.tag, 'createCameraInput')

    this.cameraOutputCapability = await this.cameraManager.getSupportedOutputCapability(cameraDevice)

    let previewProfile = this.cameraOutputCapability.previewProfiles[0]

    this.previewOutput = await this.cameraManager.createPreviewOutput(previewProfile, surfaceId)

    Logger.info(this.tag, 'createPreviewOutput')

    let mSurfaceId = await this.mReceiver.getReceivingSurfaceId()

    let photoProfile = this.cameraOutputCapability.photoProfiles[0]

    this.photoOutPut = await this.cameraManager.createPhotoOutput(photoProfile, mSurfaceId)

    this.captureSession = await this.cameraManager.createCaptureSession()

    Logger.info(this.tag, 'createCaptureSession')

    await this.captureSession.beginConfig()

    Logger.info(this.tag, 'beginConfig')

    await this.captureSession.addInput(this.cameraInput)

    await this.captureSession.addOutput(this.previewOutput)

    await this.captureSession.addOutput(this.photoOutPut)

    await this.captureSession.commitConfig()

    await this.captureSession.start()

    Logger.info(this.tag, 'captureSession start')

  }



  setTakePictureCallback(callback) {

    this.handleTakePicture = callback

  }



  async takePicture() {

    Logger.info(this.tag, 'takePicture')

    if (this.curMode === CameraMode.MODE_VIDEO) {

      this.curMode = CameraMode.MODE_PHOTO

    }

    let photoSettings = {

      rotation: camera.ImageRotation.ROTATION_0,

      quality: camera.QualityLevel.QUALITY_LEVEL_MEDIUM,

      location: { // 位置信息，經緯度

        latitude: 12.9698,

        longitude: 77.7500,

        altitude: 1000

      },

      mirror: false

    }

    await this.photoOutPut.capture(photoSettings)

    Logger.info(this.tag, 'takePicture done')

    AppStorage.Set('isRefresh', true)

  }



  async startVideo() {

    Logger.info(this.tag, 'startVideo begin')

    await this.captureSession.stop()

    await this.captureSession.beginConfig()

    if (this.curMode === CameraMode.MODE_PHOTO) {

      this.curMode = CameraMode.MODE_VIDEO

      if (this.photoOutPut) {

        await this.captureSession.removeOutput(this.photoOutPut)

        this.photoOutPut.release()

      }

    } else {

      if (this.videoOutput) {

        await this.captureSession.removeOutput(this.videoOutput)

      }

    }

    if (this.videoOutput) {

      await this.captureSession.removeOutput(this.videoOutput)

      await this.videoOutput.release()

    }

    this.fileAsset = await this.mediaUtil.createAndGetUri(mediaLibrary.MediaType.VIDEO)

    this.fd = await this.mediaUtil.getFdPath(this.fileAsset)

    this.videoRecorder = await media.createVideoRecorder()

    this.videoConfig.url = `fd://${this.fd}`

    await this.videoRecorder.prepare(this.videoConfig)

    let videoId = await this.videoRecorder.getInputSurface()

    let videoProfile = this.cameraOutputCapability.videoProfiles[0];

    this.videoOutput = await this.cameraManager.createVideoOutput(videoProfile, videoId)

    await this.captureSession.addOutput(this.videoOutput)

    await this.captureSession.commitConfig()

    await this.captureSession.start()

    await this.videoOutput.start()

    await this.videoRecorder.start()

    Logger.info(this.tag, 'startVideo end')

  }



  async stopVideo() {

    Logger.info(this.tag, 'stopVideo called')

    await this.videoRecorder.stop()

    await this.videoOutput.stop()

    await this.videoRecorder.release()

    await this.fileAsset.close(this.fd)

  }



  async releaseCamera() {

    Logger.info(this.tag, 'releaseCamera')

    if (this.cameraInput) {

      await this.cameraInput.close()

    }

    if (this.previewOutput) {

      await this.previewOutput.release()

    }

    if (this.photoOutPut) {

      await this.photoOutPut.release()

    }

    if (this.videoOutput) {

      await this.videoOutput.release()

    }

    if (this.captureSession) {

      await this.captureSession.release()

    }

  }

}

鴻蒙NEXT開發知識已更新在gitee.com/li-shizhen-skin/harmony-os/blob/master/README.md可參考學習更多。

約束與限制

1.rk3568底層錄像功能有問題，暫不支持錄像功能，當前拍照功能僅支持部分機型。

2.本示例僅支持標準系統上運行。

3.本示例為Stage模型，已適配API version 9版本SDK，版本號：3.2.11.9；

4.本示例需要使用DevEco Studio 3.1 Beta2 (Build Version: 3.1.0.400, built on April 7, 2023)及以上版本才可編譯運行。

HarmonyOS開發實例：【相機和媒體庫】

介紹

效果預覽

相關概念

工程目錄

具體實現

約束與限制