四種實現方式實現Python淺拷貝

方式一：使用切片 [:]

列表

# 淺拷貝 [:]
old_list = [1, 2, [3, 4]]
new_list = old_list[:]

old_list.append(5)
old_list[2][0] += 97

print("Old list:", old_list, "old list id:", id(old_list), " old list[0] id:", id(old_list[2]))
print("new list:", new_list, "new list id:", id(new_list), " new list[0] id:", id(new_list[2]))


# 輸出結果
Old list: [1, 2, [100, 4], 5] old list id: 4537660608  old list[0] id: 4537659840
new list: [1, 2, [100, 4]] new list id: 4537711424  new list[0] id: 4537659840

方式二：使用工廠函數

工廠函數簡介

• 工廠函數看上去像函數，但實際是一個類
• 調用時，生成該數據類型類型的一個實例

可變對象的工廠函數

• list()
• set()
• dict()

列表

# 淺拷貝 工廠函數
old_list = [1, 2, [3, 4]]
new_list = list(old_list)

old_list.append(5)
old_list[2][0] += 97

print("Old list:", old_list, "old list id:", id(old_list), " old list[0] id:", id(old_list[2]))
print("new list:", new_list, "new list id:", id(new_list), " new list[0] id:", id(new_list[2]))

集合

# 淺拷貝 工廠函數-集合
old_set = {1, 2, 3}
new_set = set(old_set)

old_set.add(4)

print("Old set:", old_set, "old set id:", id(old_set))
print("new set:", new_set, "new set id:", id(new_set))


# 輸出結果
Old set: {1, 2, 3, 4} old set id: 4484723648
new set: {1, 2, 3} new set id: 4484723872 

字典

# 淺拷貝 工廠函數-字典
old_dict = {"name": "小菠蘿"}
new_dict = dict(old_dict)

old_dict["second"] = "測試筆記"

print("Old dict:", old_dict, "old dict id:", id(old_dict))
print("new dict:", new_dict, "new dict id:", id(new_dict))


# 輸出結果
Old dict: {'name': '小菠蘿', 'second': '測試筆記'} old dict id: 4514161536
new dict: {'name': '小菠蘿'} new dict id: 4515690304

方式三：使用數據類型自帶的 copy 方法

列表

# 淺拷貝 自帶的copy方法-列表
old_list = [1, 2, [3, 4]]
new_list = old_list.copy()

old_list.append(5)
old_list[2][0] += 97

print("Old list:", old_list, "old list id:", id(old_list), " old list[0] id:", id(old_list[2]))
print("new list:", new_list, "new list id:", id(new_list), " new list[0] id:", id(new_list[2]))


# 輸出結果
Old list: [1, 2, [100, 4], 5] old list id: 4309832000  old list[0] id: 4310372992
new list: [1, 2, [100, 4]] new list id: 4309735296  new list[0] id: 4310372992 

集合

# 淺拷貝 自帶的copy方法-集合
old_set = {1, 2, 3}
new_set = old_set.copy()

old_set.add(4)

print("Old set:", old_set, "old set id:", id(old_set))
print("new set:", new_set, "new set id:", id(new_set))


# 輸出結果
Old set: {1, 2, 3, 4} old set id: 4309931392
new set: {1, 2, 3} new set id: 4309930944

字典

# 淺拷貝 自帶的copy方法-字典
old_dict = {"name": "小明"}
new_dict = old_dict.copy()

old_dict["second"] = "python"

print("Old dict:", old_dict, "old dict id:", id(old_dict))
print("new dict:", new_dict, "new dict id:", id(new_dict))


# 輸出結果
Old dict: {'name': '小明', 'second': 'python'} old dict id: 1611676464896
new dict: {'name': '小明'} new dict id: 1611676464960

源碼

def copy(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
    """ Return a shallow copy of the list. """
    pass

已經寫的很清楚，這是淺拷貝

方式四：使用 copy 模塊的 copy 方法

列表

# 淺拷貝 copy模塊的copy方法-列表
from copy import copy

old_list = [1, 2, [3, 4]]
new_list = copy(old_list)

old_list.append(5)
old_list[2][0] += 97

print("Old list:", old_list, "old list id:", id(old_list), " old list[0] id:", id(old_list[2]))
print("new list:", new_list, "new list id:", id(new_list), " new list[0] id:", id(new_list[2]))


# 輸出結果
Old list: [1, 2, [100, 4], 5] old list id: 4381013184  old list[0] id: 4381159936
new list: [1, 2, [100, 4]] new list id: 4381012800  new list[0] id: 4381159936

集合

# 淺拷貝 copy模塊的copy方法-集合
from copy import copy

old_set = {1, 2, 3}
new_set = copy(old_set)

old_set.add(4)

print("Old set:", old_set, "old set id:", id(old_set))
print("new set:", new_set, "new set id:", id(new_set))


# 輸出結果
Old set: {1, 2, 3, 4} old set id: 4381115552
new set: {1, 2, 3} new set id: 4381115776

字典

# 淺拷貝 copy模塊的copy方法-字典
from copy import copy

old_dict = {"name": "小明"}
new_dict = copy(old_dict)

old_dict["second"] = "python"

print("Old dict:", old_dict, "old dict id:", id(old_dict))
print("new dict:", new_dict, "new dict id:", id(new_dict))


# Python小白學習交流群：153708845
# 輸出結果
Old dict: {'name': '小明', 'second': 'python'} old dict id: 3220382234368
new dict: {'name': '小明'} new dict id: 3220382234432