1 ansible 常用指令總結,並附有相關示例。 /usr/bin/ansible 主程式,臨時命令執行工具 /usr/bin/ansible-doc 查看配置文檔,模塊功能查看工具,相當於man /usr/bin/ansible-playbook 定製自動化任務,編排劇本工具,相當於腳本 /us ...
1 ansible 常用指令總結,並附有相關示例。
/usr/bin/ansible
主程式,臨時命令執行工具/usr/bin/ansible-doc
查看配置文檔,模塊功能查看工具,相當於man/usr/bin/ansible-playbook
定製自動化任務,編排劇本工具,相當於腳本/usr/bin/ansible-pull
遠程執行命令的工具/usr/bin/ansible-vault
文件加密工具/usr/bin/ansible-console
基於Console界面與用戶交互的執行工具/usr/bin/ansible-galaxy
下載/上傳優秀代碼或Roles模塊的官網平臺
利用ansible實現管理的主要方式:
Ansible Ad-Hoc
即利用ansible命令,主要用於臨時命令使用場景Ansible playbook
主要用於長期規劃好的,大型項目的場景,需要有前期的規划過程
ansible 使用前準備
ansible 相關工具大多數是通過ssh協議,實現對遠程主機的配置管理、應用部署、任務執行等功能
建議:使用此工具前,先配置ansible主控端能基於密鑰認證的方式聯繫各個被管理節點
1.1 ansible-doc
此工具用來顯示模塊幫助,相當於man
格式
ansible-doc [options] [module...]
-l, --list #列出可用模塊
-s, --snippet #顯示指定模塊的playbook片段
範例:
#列出所有模塊
ansible-doc -l
#查看指定模塊幫助用法
ansible-doc ping
#查看指定模塊幫助用法
ansible-doc -s ping
範例: 查看指定的插件
[13:38:40 root@ansible-rocky ~]$ ansible-doc -t connection -l
[13:39:08 root@ansible-rocky ~]$ ansible-doc -t lookup -l
1.2 ansible
1.2.1 Ansible Ad-Hoc 介紹
Ansible Ad-Hoc 的執行方式的主要工具就是 ansible
特點: 一次性的執行,不會保存執行命令信息,只適合臨時性或測試性的任務
1.2.2 ansible 命令用法
格式:
ansible <host-pattern> [-m module_name] [-a args]
選項說明:
--version #顯示版本
-m module #指定模塊,預設為command
-v #詳細過程 -vv -vvv更詳細
--list-hosts #顯示主機列表,可簡寫 --list
-C, --check #檢查,並不執行
-T, --timeout=TIMEOUT #執行命令的超時時間,預設10s
-k, --ask-pass #提示輸入ssh連接密碼,預設Key驗證
-u, --user=REMOTE_USER #執行遠程執行的用戶,預設root
-b, --become #代替舊版的sudo實現通過sudo機制實現提升許可權
--become-user=USERNAME #指定sudo的run as用戶,預設為root
-K, --ask-become-pass #提示輸入sudo時的口令
-f FORKS, --forks FORKS #指定併發同時執行ansible任務的主機數
-i INVENTORY, --inventory INVENTORY #指定主機清單文件
範例:
#先打通基於key驗證
#以yanlinux用戶執行ping存活檢測
[14:28:30 yanlinux@ansible-rocky ~]$ ansible all -m ping -u yanlinux
10.0.0.18 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
10.0.0.102 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python3"
},
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
10.0.0.7 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
#以yanlinux sudo至root執行命令
##沒有添加sudo授權之前
[14:36:46 yanlinux@ansible-rocky ~]$ ansible all -a 'ls /root'
10.0.0.18 | FAILED | rc=2 >>
ls: cannot open directory '/root': Permission deniednon-zero return code
10.0.0.102 | FAILED | rc=2 >>
ls: cannot open directory '/root': Permission deniednon-zero return code
10.0.0.7 | FAILED | rc=2 >>
ls: cannot open directory /root: Permission deniednon-zero return code
##在所有被控制主機上都加上suod授權
[14:30:46 root@ansible-rocky ~]$ echo "yanlinux ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL" >> /etc/sudoers
[14:37:01 yanlinux@ansible-rocky ~]$ ansible all -a 'ls /root' -b
10.0.0.102 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
init_os.sh
snap
10.0.0.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
anaconda-ks.cfg
init_os.sh
10.0.0.18 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
anaconda-ks.cfg
init_os.sh
##所有被管理主機上創建用戶magedu
[14:37:05 yanlinux@ansible-rocky ~]$ ansible all -a 'useradd magedu' -b
10.0.0.102 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
10.0.0.18 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
10.0.0.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
[14:39:46 yanlinux@ansible-rocky ~]$ ansible all -a 'getent passwd magedu' -b
10.0.0.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
magedu:x:1002:1002::/home/magedu:/bin/bash
10.0.0.102 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
magedu:x:1001:1001::/home/magedu:/bin/sh
10.0.0.18 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
magedu:x:1001:1001::/home/magedu:/bin/bash
範例: 併發執行控制
#併發是1一個主機一個主機的執行,一條條返回結果
[14:42:47 root@ansible-rocky ~]$ ansible all -a 'sleep 5' -f1
#併發是10,同時10個主機執行命令,返回結果
[14:42:47 root@ansible-rocky ~]$ ansible all -a 'sleep 5' -f10
範例: 使用普通用戶連接遠程主機執行代替另一個用戶身份執行操作
#在被管理主機上創建用戶並sudo授權
[14:34:00 root@ubuntu2004 ~]$ useradd magedu
[14:34:29 root@ubuntu2004 ~]$ echo magedu:centos1 |chpasswd
#以yanlinux的用戶連接用戶並利用sudo代表magedu執行whoami命令
[14:58:37 yanlinux@ansible-rocky ~]$ ansible all -a 'whoami' -b --become-user=magedu
10.0.0.18 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
magedu
10.0.0.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
magedu
1.3 ansible-console
此工具可交互執行命令,支持tab,ansible 2.0+新增
提示符格式:
執行用戶@當前操作的主機組 (當前組的主機數量)[f:併發數]$
常用子命令:
- 設置併發數:
forks n
例如:forks 10
- 切換組:
cd
主機組 例如:cd web
- 列出當前組主機列表:
list
- 列出所有的內置命令:
?或help
範例
[15:24:28 root@ansible-rocky ~]$ ansible-console
Welcome to the ansible console. Type help or ? to list commands.
root@all (3)[f:5]$ ping
10.0.0.18 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
},
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
10.0.0.102 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python3"
},
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
10.0.0.7 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
root@all (3)[f:5]$ list
10.0.0.18
10.0.0.7
10.0.0.102
root@all (3)[f:5]$ cd websrvs
root@websrvs (2)[f:5]$ list
10.0.0.18
10.0.0.7
root@websrvs (2)[f:5]$ forks 10
root@websrvs (2)[f:10]$ cd appsrvs
root@appsrvs (2)[f:10]$ list
10.0.0.102
10.0.0.18
1.4 ansible-playbook
此工具用於執行編寫好的 playbook 任務
範例:
[15:27:57 root@ansible-rocky ~]$ vi hello.yml
---
#hello world yml file
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
gather_facts: no
tasks:
- name: hello world
command: /usr/bin/wall hello world
[15:30:12 root@ansible-rocky ~]$ ansible-playbook hello.yml
PLAY [websrvs] ****************************************************************************************
TASK [hello world] ************************************************************************************
changed: [10.0.0.18]
changed: [10.0.0.7]
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************************************
10.0.0.18 : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
10.0.0.7 : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
1.5 ansible-vault
此工具可以用於加密解密yml文件
格式:
ansible-vault [create|decrypt|edit|encrypt|rekey|view]
範例:
#1 加密
[15:31:01 root@ansible-rocky ~]$ ansible-vault encrypt hello.yml
New Vault password:
Confirm New Vault password:
Encryption successful
##查看文件內容
[15:38:15 root@ansible-rocky ~]$ cat hello.yml
$ANSIBLE_VAULT;1.1;AES256
65323766623831636563636132623333623932633461396563383764333037396563633766363231
3335646336346136626231353133623566626166626336380a306630643338353031353739353538
62373930306636633430653537363534376231323839643131376335653366656634616365663063
6236663364343461610a383365643534646564316261326166316233393039386134363436313138
63323939663537666462646233613262646637306130626336336239323737623833393735666364
36336334316666326265356166326163373039616533353564353964396266376637363037353338
37623639656262303966363766356630376466666463363338353535623635633137616335383333
65333263643762353264326563326362393663316538666530616664643438666435373162616164
30313761323030343165666330326537653430333764363834326566333666316133386465663334
63353035616266396366366662643839353431653736353465626261623433343735663534663831
32636632653730323465366531353531633761623930303138643337613162613062333237633566
39663562393535343165
#2 解密
[15:38:18 root@ansible-rocky ~]$ ansible-vault decrypt hello.yml
Vault password:
Decryption successful
[15:39:50 root@ansible-rocky ~]$ cat hello.yml
---
#hello world yml file
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
gather_facts: no
tasks:
- name: hello world
command: /usr/bin/wall hello world
#3 查看加密後的yml文件內容
[15:41:44 root@ansible-rocky ~]$ ansible-vault view hello.yml
Vault password:
---
#hello world yml file
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
gather_facts: no
tasks:
- name: hello world
command: /usr/bin/wall hello world
#4 編輯加密文件
[15:41:50 root@ansible-rocky ~]$ ansible-vault edit hello.yml
Vault password: #輸入密碼後進入vim編輯器進行編輯
#5 修改口令
[15:44:53 root@ansible-rocky ~]$ ansible-vault rekey hello.yml
Vault password: #先前的口令
New Vault password: #修改為的口令
Confirm New Vault password: #再確認一遍
Rekey successful
#6 創建加密新文件
[15:46:31 root@ansible-rocky ~]$ ansible-vault create new.yml
New Vault password:
Confirm New Vault password:
#7 互動式輸入密碼來執行加密文件
[15:46:46 root@ansible-rocky ~]$ ansible-playbook --ask-vault-pass hello.yml
Vault password:
PLAY [websrvs] ****************************************************************************************
TASK [hello world] ************************************************************************************
changed: [10.0.0.18]
changed: [10.0.0.7]
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************************************
10.0.0.18 : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
10.0.0.7 : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
#8 從文件中讀取密碼
[15:52:56 root@ansible-rocky ~]$ ansible-playbook --vault-password-file pass.txt hello.yml
PLAY [websrvs] ****************************************************************************************
TASK [hello world] ************************************************************************************
changed: [10.0.0.18]
changed: [10.0.0.7]
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************************************
10.0.0.18 : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
10.0.0.7 : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
#9 從配置文件中添加密碼文件
[15:53:33 root@ansible-rocky ~]$ vi /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg
#添加以下一行信息
ault-password-file=pass.txt
[15:58:58 root@ansible-rocky ~]$ ansible-playbook hello.yml
PLAY [websrvs] ****************************************************************************************
TASK [hello world] ************************************************************************************
changed: [10.0.0.18]
changed: [10.0.0.7]
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************************************
10.0.0.18 : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
10.0.0.7 : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
1.6 ansible-galaxy
Galaxy 是一個免費網站, 類似於github網站, 網站上發佈了很多的共用的roles角色。
Ansible 提供了ansible-galaxy命令行工具連接 https://galaxy.ansible.com 網站下載相應的roles, 進行init(初始化、search( 查拘、install(安裝、 remove(移除)等操作。
範例
#搜索項目
[16:05:04 root@ansible-rocky ~]$ ansible-galaxy search lamp
Found 100 roles matching your search:
Name Description
---- -----------
abhiarun_94.apache_lamp your role description
adelaidearnauld.galaxy-lamp your description
adelaidearnauld.lamp_compose your description
ajish_antony.ansible_lamp your role description
AlexanderAllen.Liara The sexiest toolkit for LAMP hackers.
alphinaugustine.ansible_role your description
amtega.horde Setup horde
......
#2 列出所有已安裝的galaxy
[16:06:32 root@ansible-rocky ~]$ ansible-galaxy list
# /usr/share/ansible/roles
# /etc/ansible/roles
#3 安裝galaxy,預設下載到~/.ansible/roles
[16:14:06 root@ansible-rocky ~]$ ansible-galaxy install 想要安裝的galaxy
#刪除
ansible-galaxy remove
2 總結ansible role目錄結構及文件用途。
roles目錄結構:
├── playbook1.yml
├── playbook2.yml
├── roles/
│ ├── project1/
│ │ ├── tasks/
│ │ ├── files/
│ │ ├── vars/
│ │ ├── templates/
│ │ ├── handlers/
│ │ ├── default/
│ │ └── meta/
│ ├── project2/
│ │ ├── tasks/
│ │ ├── files/
│ │ ├── vars/
│ │ ├── templates/
│ │ ├── handlers/
│ │ ├── default/
│ │ └── meta/
Roles各目錄作用
roles/project/
:項目名稱,有以下子目錄
files/
:存放由copy
或script
模塊等調用的文件templates/
:template
模塊查找所需要模板文件的目錄tasks/
:定義task
,role
的基本元素,至少應該包含一個名為main.yml
的文件;其它的文件需要在此文件中通過include
進行包含handlers/
:至少應該包含一個名為main.yml
的文件;此目錄下的其它的文件需要在此文件中通過include
進行包含vars/
:定義變數,至少應該包含一個名為main.yml
的文件;此目錄下的其它的變數文件需要在此文件中通過include進行包含,也可以通過項目目錄中的group_vars/all
定義變數,從而實現角色通用代碼和項目數據的分離meta/
:定義當前角色的特殊設定及其依賴關係,至少應該包含一個名為main.yml
的文件,其它文件需在此文件中通過include進行包含default/
:設定預設變數時使用此目錄中的main.yml文件,比vars
的優先順序低
3 使用ansible playbook實現一個mysql角色。
#mysql角色目錄
[18:16:16 root@ansible-rocky opt]$ tree
.
├── ansible.cfg
├── hosts
├── mysql_role.yml
└── roles
└── mysql
├── files
│ └── mysql-8.0.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
├── tasks
│ └── main.yml
└── templates
└── my.cnf.j2
#定義主機及變數
[18:22:50 root@ansible-rocky opt]$ tail -n9 hosts
[dbsrvs:vars]
db_group=mysql
db_gid=306
db_user=mysql
db_uid=306
db_version=8.0.31
db_file="mysql-{{db_version}}-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz"
db_data_dir="/data/mysql"
db_root_passwd="lgq123456**"
#下載準備mysql源文件包
[18:22:54 root@ansible-rocky opt]$ ls roles/mysql/files/
mysql-8.0.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
#創建task文件
[18:24:40 root@ansible-rocky opt]$ cat roles/mysql/tasks/main.yml
- name: install dependent package
yum:
name: "{{ item }}"
loop:
- libaio
- numactl-libs
- name: create mysql group
group: name={{db_group}} gid={{db_gid}}
- name: create mysql user
user: name={{db_user}} uid={{db_uid}} system=yes shell="/sbin/nologin" create_home=no group={{db_group}}
- name: copy tar to remote host and file mode
unarchive:
src: "{{ db_file }}"
dest: "/usr/local/"
owner: root
group: root
- name: create lingfile /usr/local/mysql
file:
src: "/usr/local/mysql-{{ db_version }}-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64"
dest: "/usr/local/mysql"
state: link
- name: path file
copy:
content: "PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH"
dest: "/etc/profile.d/mysql.sh"
- name: config file
template:
src: my.cnf.j2
dest: "/etc/my.cnf"
- name: create directory
file:
name: "/data"
state: directory
- name: init mysql data
shell:
cmd: "/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user={{ db_user }} --datadir={{ db_data_dir }}"
tags:
- init
- name: service script
copy:
src: "/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server"
dest: "/etc/init.d/mysqld"
remote_src: yes
mode: '+x'
- name: start service
shell:
cmd: chkconfig --add mysqld;chkconfig mysqld on;service mysqld start
- name: change root password
shell:
cmd: "/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot password {{ db_root_passwd }}"
#準備MySQL 配置文件模板
[18:25:25 root@ansible-rocky opt]$ cat roles/mysql/templates/my.cnf.j2
[mysqld]
server-id=1
log-bin
datadir={{ db_data_dir }}
socket={{ db_data_dir }}/mysql.sock
log-error={{ db_data_dir }}/mysql.log
pid-file={{ db_data_dir }}/mysql.pid
[client]
socket={{ db_data_dir }}/mysql.sock
#準備MySQL角色playbook文件
[18:25:38 root@ansible-rocky opt]$ cat mysql_role.yml
- hosts: dbsrvs
remote_user: root
gather_facts: no
roles:
- mysql
#部署MySQL
[18:26:34 root@ansible-rocky opt]$ ansible-playbook -i hosts mysql_role.yml
PLAY [dbsrvs] *****************************************************************************************
TASK [mysql : install dependent package] **************************************************************
ok: [10.0.0.38] => (item=libaio)
ok: [10.0.0.38] => (item=numactl-libs)
TASK [mysql : create mysql group] *********************************************************************
changed: [10.0.0.38]
TASK [mysql : create mysql user] **********************************************************************
changed: [10.0.0.38]
TASK [mysql : copy tar to remote host and file mode] **************************************************
changed: [10.0.0.38]
TASK [mysql : create lingfile /usr/local/mysql] *******************************************************
changed: [10.0.0.38]
TASK [mysql : path file] ******************************************************************************
changed: [10.0.0.38]
TASK [mysql : config file] ****************************************************************************
changed: [10.0.0.38]
TASK [mysql : create directory] ***********************************************************************
ok: [10.0.0.38]
TASK [mysql : init mysql data] ************************************************************************
changed: [10.0.0.38]
TASK [mysql : service script] *************************************************************************
changed: [10.0.0.38]
TASK [mysql : start service] **************************************************************************
changed: [10.0.0.38]
TASK [mysql : change root password] *******************************************************************
changed: [10.0.0.38]
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************************************
10.0.0.38 : ok=12 changed=10 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
4 基於角色完成部署LNMP架構,並支持一鍵發佈,回滾應用。同時基於zabbix角色批量部署zabbix。
4.1 部署LNMP架構
4.1.1 目錄結構
[18:57:47 root@ansible-rocky opt]$ tree /opt/
/opt/
├── ansible.cfg
├── hosts
├── lnmp_role.yml
├── mysql_role.yml
├── nginx_role.yml
├── php-fpm_role.yml
├── roles
│ ├── mysql
│ │ ├── files
│ │ │ └── mysql-8.0.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
│ │ ├── tasks
│ │ │ └── main.yml
│ │ └── templates
│ │ └── my.cnf.j2
│ ├── nginx
│ │ ├── handlers
│ │ │ └── main.yml
│ │ ├── tasks
│ │ │ └── main.yml
│ │ └── templates
│ │ ├── nginx.conf.j2
│ │ └── nginx.service.j2
│ ├── php-fpm
│ │ ├── files
│ │ │ ├── test.php
│ │ │ └── www.conf
│ │ ├── handlers
│ │ │ └── main.yml
│ │ ├── tasks
│ │ │ └── main.yml
│ │ └── templates
│ │ ├── php-fpm.conf.j2
│ │ └── php.ini.j2
│ └── wordpress
│ ├── files
│ │ └── wordpress-6.1.1-zh_CN.zip
│ └── tasks
│ └── main.yml
└── wordpress_role.yml
17 directories, 22 files
4.1.2 LNMP架構所需主機清單以及變數設置
[18:58:15 root@ansible-rocky opt]$ cat hosts
[websrvs]
10.0.0.18
10.0.0.28
[websrvs:vars]
version="1.20.2"
url="http://nginx.org/download/nginx-{{ version }}.tar.gz"
install_dir="/apps/nginx"
fqdn="www.yanlinux.org"
root_path="/data/wordpress"
app="wordpress-6.1.1-zh_CN"
[dbsrvs]
10.0.0.38
[dbsrvs:vars]
db_group=mysql
db_gid=306
db_user=mysql
db_uid=306
db_version=8.0.31
db_file="mysql-{{db_version}}-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz"
db_data_dir="/data/mysql"
db_root_passwd="lgq123456**"
4.1.2 實現編譯安裝nginx角色
#task文件
[17:55:17 root@ansible-rocky roles]$ cat nginx/tasks/main.yml
- name: add group nginx
group: name=nginx system=yes gid=80
- name: add user nginx
user: name=nginx group=nginx uid=80 system=yes shell="/sbin/nologin" create_home=no
- name: install dependent package
yum: name={{item}} state=latest
loop:
- gcc
- make
- pcre-devel
- openssl-devel
- zlib-devel
- perl-ExtUtils-Embed
- name: get nginx source
unarchive:
src: "{{ url }}"
dest: "/usr/local/src"
remote_src: yes
- name: compile and install
shell:
cmd: "./configure --prefix={{install_dir}} --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_v2_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-pcre --with-stream --with-stream_ssl_module --with-stream_realip_module && make && make install"
chdir: "/usr/local/src/nginx-{{ version }}"
creates: "{{install_dir}}/sbin/nginx"
- name: config file
template:
src: nginx.conf.j2
dest: "{{install_dir}}/conf/nginx.conf"
owner: nginx
group: nginx
notify: restart service
tags:
- config
- name: create directory
file:
path: "{{install_dir}}/conf/conf.d"
state: directory
owner: nginx
group: nginx
- name: change install directory owner
file:
path: "{{install_dir}}"
owner: nginx
group: nginx
recurse: yes
- name: copy service file
template:
src: nginx.service.j2
dest: "/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service"
- name: check config
shell:
cmd: "{{install_dir}}/sbin/nginx -t"
register: check_nginx_config
changed_when:
- check_nginx_config.stdout.find('successful')
- false
- name: start service
systemd:
daemon_reload: yes
name: nginx.service
state: started
enabled: yes
#創建handler文件
[17:59:27 root@ansible-rocky roles]$ cat nginx/handlers/main.yml
- name: restart service
service:
name: nginx
state: restarted
#準備兩個template文件
[17:59:51 root@ansible-rocky roles]$ cat nginx/templates/nginx.conf.j2
#user nobody;
user nginx;
worker_processes {{ ansible_processor_vcpus*2 }};
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format access_json '{"@timestamp":"$time_iso8601",'
'"host":"$server_addr",'
'"clientip":"$remote_addr",'
'"size":$body_bytes_sent,'
'"responsetime":$request_time,'
'"upstreamtime":"$upstream_response_time",'
'"upstreamhost":"$upstream_addr",'
'"http_host":"$host",'
'"uri":"$uri",'
'"xff":"$http_x_forwarded_for",'
'"referer":"$http_referer",'
'"tcp_xff":"$proxy_protocol_addr",'
'"http_user_agent":"$http_user_agent",'
'"status":"$status"}';
# logging
access_log {{install_dir}}/logs/access-json.log access_json;
error_log {{install_dir}}/logs/error.log warn;
keepalive_timeout 65;
include {{install_dir}}/conf/conf.d/*.conf;
}
[18:00:28 root@ansible-rocky roles]$ cat nginx/templates/nginx.service.j2
[Unit]
Description=The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target
[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile={{install_dir}}/logs/nginx.pid
ExecStartPre=/bin/rm -f {{install_dir}}/logs/nginx.pid
ExecStartPre={{install_dir}}/sbin/nginx -t
ExecStart={{install_dir}}/sbin/nginx
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP \$MAINPID
KillSignal=SIGQUIT
TimeoutStopSec=5
KillMode=process
PrivateTmp=true
LimitNOFILE=100000
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
#總入口playbook文件
[18:09:50 root@ansible-rocky opt]$ cat /opt/nginx_role.yml
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
roles:
- nginx
4.1.4 實現php-fpm角色
#首先準備php.ini.j2和www.conf文件
#修改php上傳限制配置
[17:04:11 root@ansible-rocky ~]$ vi /opt/roles/php-fpm/templates/php.ini.j2
post_max_size = 100M #將次行從8M修改為100M
upload_max_filesize = 100M #將此行從2M改為100M
#修改配置文件
[17:14:03 root@proxy ~]$ vi /opt/roles/php-fpm/files/www.conf
user = nginx #修改為nginx
group = nginx #修改為nginx
;listen = /run/php-fpm/www.sock #註釋此行
listen = 127.0.0.1:9000 #添加此行,監控本機的9000埠
#準備網頁配置文件
[19:51:32 root@ansible-rocky opt]$ cat /opt/roles/php-fpm/templates/php-fpm.conf.j2
server {
listen 80;
server_name {{ fqdn }};
location / {
root {{ root_path }};
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
#準備tasks文件
[19:40:32 root@ansible-rocky opt]$ cat /opt/roles/php-fpm/tasks/main.yml
- name: install package
yum:
name: "{{ item }}"
loop:
- php-fpm
- php-mysqlnd
- php-json
- php-xml
- php-gd
- php-pecl-zip
- name: php path permissions
file:
path: /var/lib/php/
owner: nginx
group: nginx
recurse: yes
- name: config php.ini
template:
src: php.ini.j2
dest: /etc/php.ini
- name: config www.conf
copy:
src: www.conf
dest: /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
- name: website config
template:
src: php-fpm.conf.j2
dest: "{{ install_dir }}/conf/conf.d/php-fpm.conf"
owner: nginx
group: nginx
notify: restart nginx
- name: start service
service:
name: php-fpm
state: started
enabled: yes
#準備handler文件
[19:53:47 root@ansible-rocky opt]$ cat /opt/roles/php-fpm/handlers/main.yml
- name: restart nginx
service:
name: nginx
state: restarted
#準備總入口playbook文件
[19:54:48 root@ansible-rocky opt]$ cat /opt/php-fpm_role.yml
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
roles:
- php-fpm
4.1.5 實現MySQL角色
註意:ansible playbook調用mysql系列模塊需要依賴python3-mysql包和利用pip安裝pymysql
#下載準備mysql源文件包
[18:22:54 root@ansible-rocky opt]$ ls roles/mysql/files/
mysql-8.0.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
#創建task文件
[18:24:40 root@ansible-rocky opt]$ cat roles/mysql/tasks/main.yml
- name: install dependent package
yum:
name: "{{ item }}"
loop:
- libaio
- numactl-libs
- python39
- python3-mysql
- name: install pymysql
pip:
name: pymysql
state: present
- name: create mysql group
group: name={{db_group}} gid={{db_gid}}
- name: create mysql user
user: name={{db_user}} uid={{db_uid}} system=yes shell="/sbin/nologin" create_home=no group={{db_group}}
- name: copy tar to remote host and file mode
unarchive:
src: "{{ db_file }}"
dest: "/usr/local/"
owner: root
group: root
- name: create lingfile /usr/local/mysql
file:
src: "/usr/local/mysql-{{ db_version }}-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64"
dest: "/usr/local/mysql"
state: link
- name: path file
copy:
content: "PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH"
dest: "/etc/profile.d/mysql.sh"
- name: config file
template:
src: my.cnf.j2
dest: "/etc/my.cnf"
- name: create directory
file:
name: "/data"
state: directory
- name: init mysql data
shell:
cmd: "/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user={{ db_user }} --datadir={{ db_data_dir }}"
tags:
- init
- name: service script
copy:
src: "/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server"
dest: "/etc/init.d/mysqld"
remote_src: yes
mode: '+x'
- name: start service
shell:
cmd: chkconfig --add mysqld;chkconfig mysqld on;service mysqld start
- name: change root password
shell:
cmd: "/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot password {{ db_root_passwd }}"
- name: create {{ wp_db_name }} database
mysql_db:
login_host: "localhost"
login_user: "root"
login_password: "{{ db_root_passwd }}"
login_port: 3306
login_unix_socket: "{{ db_data_dir }}/mysql.sock"
name: "{{ wp_db_name }}"
state: present
when: "{{ wp_db_name }} is defined"
- name: create {{ wp_db_user }}
mysql_user:
login_host: "localhost"
login_user: "root"
login_password: "{{ db_root_passwd }}"
login_port: 3306
login_unix_socket: "{{ db_data_dir }}/mysql.sock"
name: "{{ wp_db_user}}"
password: "{{ wp_db_passwd }}"
priv: "{{ wp_db_name }}.*:ALL"
host: "10.0.0.%"
state: present
when: "{{ wp_db_user }} is defined"
#準備MySQL 配置文件模板
[18:25:25 root@ansible-rocky opt]$ cat roles/mysql/templates/my.cnf.j2
[mysqld]
server-id=1
log-bin
datadir={{ db_data_dir }}
socket={{ db_data_dir }}/mysql.sock
log-error={{ db_data_dir }}/mysql.log
pid-file={{ db_data_dir }}/mysql.pid
[client]
socket={{ db_data_dir }}/mysql.sock
#準備總入口playbook文件
[18:25:38 root@ansible-rocky opt]$ cat mysql_role.yml
- hosts: dbsrvs
remote_user: root
gather_facts: no
roles:
- mysql
4.2 基於zabbix角色批量部署zabbix
依賴上面搭建好的LNMP架構實現
4.2.1 部署zabbix-server
#總體目錄結構
[20:27:58 root@ansible-rocky opt]$ tree
.
├── ansible.cfg
├── hosts
├── hosts_zabbix
├── roles
│ ├── mysql
│ │ ├── files
│ │ │ ├── create.sql.gz
│ │ │ └── mysql-8.0.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
│ │ ├── tasks
│ │ │ └── main.yml
│ │ └── templates
│ │ └── my.cnf.j2
│ ├── nginx
│ │ ├── files
│ │ ├── handlers
│ │ │ └── main.yml
│ │ ├── tasks
│ │ │ └── main.yml
│ │ └── templates
│ │ ├── nginx.conf.j2
│ │ └── nginx.service.j2
│ ├── php-fpm
│ │ ├── files
│ │ │ ├── test.php
│ │ │ └── www.conf
│ │ ├── handlers
│ │ │ └── main.yml
│ │ ├── tasks
│ │ │ └── main.yml
│ │ └── templates
│ │ ├── php-fpm.conf.j2
│ │ └── php.ini.j2
│ └── zabbix_server
│ ├── handlers
│ │ └── main.yml
│ ├── tasks
│ │ └── main.yml
│ └── templates
│ ├── zabbix.conf.j2
│ ├── zabbix_server.conf.j2
│ └── zabbix-server-ngx.conf.j2
└── zabbix_server.yml
29 directories, 26 files
#主入口playbook
[20:24:45 root@ansible-rocky opt]$ cat zabbix_server.yml
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
roles:
- nginx
- php-fpm
- hosts: dbsrvs
remote_user: root
roles:
- mysql
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
roles:
- zabbix_server
#tasks文件
[20:30:01 root@ansible-rocky zabbix_server]$ cat /opt/roles/zabbix_server/tasks/main.yml
- name: config zabbix yum repo
yum_repository:
name: "ansible_zabbix"
description: "zabbix repo"
baseurl: "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/zabbix/zabbix/{{ zabbix_version }}/rhel/{{ ansible_distribution_major_version }}/{{ ansible_architecture }}/"
gpgcheck: yes
gpgkey: "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/zabbix/zabbix-official-repo.key"
- name: install zabbix-server
yum:
name: "{{ item }}"
loop:
- zabbix-server-mysql
- zabbix-agent2
- zabbix-get
- zabbix-web-mysql
- name: copy zabbix_server.conf
template:
src: zabbix_server.conf.j2
dest: /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf
mode: 0600
notify:
- restart zabbix-server
tags: restart zabbix-server
- name: chown zabbix-web
file:
path: /etc/zabbix/web
state: directory
owner: nginx
group: nginx
recurse: yes
- name: copy zabbix-server web conf
template:
src: zabbix-server-ngx.conf.j2
dest: "{{ install_dir }}/conf/conf.d/zabbix_server_ngx.conf"
owner: nginx
group: nginx
notify:
- restart nginx
- name: copy zabbix.conf into php-fpm.d
template:
src: zabbix.conf.j2
dest: "/etc/php-fpm.d/zabbix.conf"
notify:
- restart php-fpm
- name: start zabbix-server
service:
name: zabbix-server
state: restarted
enabled: yes
#查看handler
[20:34:11 root@ansible-rocky zabbix_server]$ cat /opt/roles/zabbix_server/handlers/main.yml
- name: restart zabbix-server
service:
name: zabbix-server
state: restarted
- name: restart nginx
service:
name: nginx
state: restarted
- name: restart php-fpm
service:
name: php-fpm
state: restarted
#查看template文件
[20:34:15 root@ansible-rocky zabbix_server]$ cat /opt/roles/zabbix_server/templates/zabbix.conf.j2
[zabbix]
user = nginx
group = nginx
listen = /run/php-fpm/zabbix.sock
listen.acl_users = apache,nginx
listen.allowed_clients = 127.0.0.1
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 50
pm.start_servers = 5
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
pm.max_spare_servers = 35
pm.max_requests = 200
php_value[session.save_handler] = files
php_value[session.save_path] = /var/lib/php/session
php_value[max_execution_time] = 300
php_value[memory_limit] = 128M
php_value[post_max_size] = 80M
php_value[upload_max_filesize] = 80M
php_value[max_input_time] = 300
php_value[max_input_vars] = 10000
php_value[date.timezone] = Asia/Shanghai
[20:38:05 root@ansible-rocky zabbix_server]$ grep -Ev '^$|#' /opt/roles/zabbix_server/templates/zabbix_server.conf.j2
LogFile=/var/log/zabbix/zabbix_server.log
LogFileSize=0
PidFile=/var/run/zabbix/zabbix_server.pid
SocketDir=/var/run/zabbix
DBHost=10.0.0.58
DBName=zabbix
DBUser=zabbix
DBPassword=lgq123456
SNMPTrapperFile=/var/log/snmptrap/snmptrap.log
Timeout=4
AlertScriptsPath=/usr/lib/zabbix/alertscripts
ExternalScripts=/usr/lib/zabbix/externalscripts
LogSlowQueries=3000
StatsAllowedIP=127.0.0.1
##zabbix網頁配置文件
[20:39:05 root@ansible-rocky zabbix_server]$ cat /opt/roles/zabbix_server/templates/zabbix-server-ngx.conf.j2
server {
listen 80;
server_name {{ zabbix_fqdn }};
root /usr/share/zabbix;
index index.php;
location = /favicon.ico {
log_not_found off;
}
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
}
location /assets {
access_log off;
expires 10d;
}
location ~ /\.ht {
deny all;
}
location ~ /(api\/|conf[^\.]|include|locale|vendor) {
deny all;
return 404;
}
location ~ [^/]\.php(/|$) {
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
#fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php-fpm/zabbix.sock;
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT /usr/share/zabbix;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/share/zabbix$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param PATH_TRANSLATED /usr/share/zabbix$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
fastcgi_ignore_client_abort off;
fastcgi_connect_timeout 60;
fastcgi_send_timeout 180;
fastcgi_read_timeout 180;
fastcgi_buffer_size 128k;
fastcgi_buffers 4 256k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 256k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k;
}
}
4.2.2 部署zabbix-agent
#目錄結構
[22:59:31 root@ansible-rocky zabbix_agent2]$ tree
.
├── files
│ └── zabbix_agnet2.d
│ ├── login.conf
│ ├── mem.conf
│ ├── mysql.conf
│ ├── mysql_repl_status.sh
│ ├── mysql.sh
│ ├── nginx_status.conf
│ ├── nginx_status.sh
│ └── tcp_state.conf
├── handlers
│ └── main.yml
├── tasks
│ └── main.yml
└── templates
└── zabbix_agent2.conf.j2
5 directories, 11 files
#task文件
[23:14:12 root@ansible-rocky opt]$ cat /opt/roles/zabbix_agent2/tasks/main.yml
- name: install repo
yum_repository:
name: "ansible_zabbix"
description: "zabbix repo"
baseurl: "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/zabbix/zabbix/{{ zabbix_version }}/rhel/{{ ansible_distribution_major_version }}/{{ ansible_architecture }}/"
gpgcheck: yes
gpgkey: "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/zabbix/zabbix-official-repo.key"
- name: install agent2 for centos or rocky
yum:
name: zabbix-agent2
when:
- ansible_distribution == "Rocky" or ansible_distribution == "Centos"
- name: install agent2 for centos or ubuntu
apt:
name: zabbix-agent2
update_cache: yes
when:
- ansible_distribution == "Ubuntu"
- name: config file
template:
src: zabbix_agent2.conf.j2
dest: "/etc/zabbix/zabbix_agent2.conf"
mode: 0644
notify:
- restart zabbix-agent2
- name: copy zabbix-agent2.d content
copy:
src: zabbix_agent2.d
dest: "/etc/zabbix"
notify:
- restart zabbix-agent2
tags: zabbix_agent2.d
- name: start zabbix-agent2
service:
name: zabbix-agent2
state: started
enabled: yes
#handler文件
[23:14:14 root@ansible-rocky opt]$ cat /opt/roles/zabbix_agent2/handlers/main.yml
- name: restart zabbix_agent2
service:
name: zabbix-agent2
state: restarted
#template文件
[23:14:43 root@ansible-rocky opt]$ cat /opt/roles/zabbix_agent2/templates/zabbix_agent2.conf.j2
PidFile=/var/run/zabbix/zabbix_agent2.pid
LogFile=/var/log/zabbix/zabbix_agent2.log
LogFileSize=0
Server={{ zabbix_server_ip }}
ServerActive={{ zabbix_server_ip }}
Hostname={{ ansible_default_ipv4.address }}
Include=/etc/zabbix/zabbix_agent2.d/*.conf
ControlSocket=/tmp/agent.sock
4.2.3 測試
[23:15:29 root@rocky8 /etc/zabbix]$ zabbix_get -s 10.0.0.18 -k mem_use_percent
20.1886
[23:16:51 root@rocky8 /etc/zabbix]$ zabbix_get -s 10.0.0.18 -k tcp_state[ESTABLISHED]
32
[23:17:30 root@rocky8 /etc/zabbix]$ zabbix_get -s 10.0.0.28 -k tcp_state[ESTABLISHED]
28
[23:17:35 root@rocky8 /etc/zabbix]$ zabbix_get -s 10.0.0.58 -k tcp_state[ESTABLISHED]
55