cobbler部署 #先關閉防火牆和selinux [root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld [root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0 //cobbler服務，selinux必須得是disabled狀態，所以要重啟 [ro ...
cobbler部署
目錄#先關閉防火牆和selinux
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
//cobbler服務，selinux必須得是disabled狀態，所以要重啟
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
[root@localhost ~]# reboot
#配置yum源
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rm -rf *
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
#配置epel源
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install -y https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's|^#baseurl=https://download.example/pub|baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's|^metalink|#metalink|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
#安裝cobbler以及相關的軟體
[root@localhost ~]# yum module list | grep cobbler
cobbler 3 default [d] Versatile Linux deployment server
cobbler 3.3 default [d] Versatile Linux deployment server
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y module enable cobbler:3
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install httpd dhcp* tftp tftp-server cobbler cobbler-web pykickstart rsync rsync-daemon
#設置服務開機自啟動
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now httpd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now rsyncd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now tftp
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now cobblerd
#修改server的ip地址為本機ip
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's/^server: 127.0.0.1/server: 192.168.111.139/' /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml
#修改tftp的ip地址為本機ip
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's/^next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 192.168.111.139/' /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml
#生成加密的密碼
[root@localhost ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt "$RANDOM" 'cobbler123'
$1$19347$.N/4En3JI0k2gUp8mvULQ/
#將新生成的加密密碼加入到配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml
default_password_crypted: "$1$19347$.N/4En3JI0k2gUp8mvULQ/" //修改為剛生成的加密的密碼
#將cobbler的dhcp功能打開
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i "s#manage_dhcp: false#manage_dhcp: true#" /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml
[root@localhost ~]# grep 'manage_dhcp:' /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml
manage_dhcp: true
#重啟cobbler
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
#通過cobbler check 核對當前設置是否有問題
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
1: some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders. If you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, and yaboot.
2: reposync is not installed, install yum-utils or dnf-plugins-core
3: yumdownloader is not installed, install yum-utils or dnf-plugins-core
4: debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
5: fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them
Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
#問題1解決辦法：
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install syslinux*
[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
[root@localhost ~]# ls /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
menu.c32 pxelinux.0
#問題2和問題三的解決辦法：
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install yum-utils
#問題4和問題5可以忽略，
因為是debian系統才需要解決，顯示使用的是centos8
Debian系統解決辦法安裝fence-agents
#配置DHCP模板文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
23 subnet 192.168.111.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
24 option routers 192.168.111.255;
25 option domain-name-servers 8.8.8.8;
26 option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
27 range dynamic-bootp 192.168.111.100 192.168.111.110;
28 default-lease-time 21600;
29 max-lease-time 43200;
30 next-server $next_server;
#同步cobbler配置
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2022-09-24_163754_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Sat Sep 24 16:37:54 2022)
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/sync/pre/*
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/sync/pre/*
shell triggers finished successfully
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/system
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/system_link
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
copying bootloaders
running: ['rsync', '-rpt', '--copy-links', '--exclude=.cobbler_postun_cleanup', '/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/', '/var/lib/tftpboot']
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: ['rsync', '-rpt', '--copy-links', '--exclude=README.grubconfig', '/var/lib/cobbler/grub_config/', '/var/lib/tftpboot']
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
copying distros to tftpboot
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout:
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
shell triggers finished successfully
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running python trigger cobbler.modules.managers.genders
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
shell triggers finished successfully
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
管理distro
#掛載鏡像
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
mount: /mnt: WARNING: device write-protected, mounted read-only.
#導入鏡像
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt/ --name=zxr arch=x86_64
task started: 2022-09-24_164154_import
task started (id=Media import, time=Sat Sep 24 16:41:54 2022)
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/import/pre/*
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/import/pre/*
shell triggers finished successfully
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel8
Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel8
Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/zxr:
creating new distro: zxr-x86_64
trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/zxr -> /var/www/cobbler/links/zxr-x86_64
creating new profile: zxr-x86_64
associating repos
checking for rsync repo(s)
checking for rhn repo(s)
checking for yum repo(s)
starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/zxr for zxr-x86_64
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/zxr/AppStream
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/zxr/AppStream
looking for /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/zxr/AppStream/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/zxr/AppStream/repodata
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/zxr/BaseOS
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/zxr/BaseOS
looking for /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/zxr/BaseOS/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/zxr/BaseOS/repodata
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
#查看cobbler鏡像列表
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler list
distros:
zxr-x86_64
profiles:
zxr-x86_64
systems:
repos:
images:
mgmtclasses:
packages:
files:
#查看詳細信息
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler distro report --name zxr-x86_64
Name : zxr-x86_64
Architecture : x86_64
Automatic Installation Template Metadata : {'tree': 'http://@@http_server@@/cblr/links/zxr-x86_64'}
TFTP Boot Files : {}
Boot loader : grub
Breed : redhat
Comment :
Fetchable Files : {}
Initrd : /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/zxr/images/pxeboot/initrd.img
Kernel : /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/zxr/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz
Kernel Options : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}
Management Classes : []
OS Version : rhel8
Owners : ['admin']
Redhat Management Key :
Remote Boot Initrd : ~
Remote Boot Kernel : ~
Template Files : {}
#創建kickstarts自動安裝腳本（文件以.ks結尾，勿tab）
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile get-autoinstall --name zxr-x86_64 > /var/lib/cobbler/templates/zxr.ks
#對腳本進行修改
[root@localhost ~]# vim /var/lib/cobbler/templates/zxr.ks
..........................
firewall --disable //關閉防火牆
.........................
%packages
@^minimal-environment //設置為最小化
#查看一下
[root@localhost ~]# cat /var/lib/cobbler/templates/zxr.ks
# Sample kickstart file for current EL, Fedora based distributions.
#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
# System authorization information
auth --useshadow --enablemd5
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
# Use text mode install
text
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disable
# Run the Setup Agent on first boot
firstboot --disable
# System keyboard
keyboard us
# System language
lang en_US
# Use network installation
url --url=http://192.168.111.139/cblr/links/zxr-x86_64
# If any cobbler repo definitions were referenced in the kickstart profile, include them here.
repo --name=source-1 --baseurl=http://192.168.111.139/cobbler/distro_mirror/zxr/AppStream
repo --name=source-2 --baseurl=http://192.168.111.139/cobbler/distro_mirror/zxr/BaseOS
# Network information
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=on
# Reboot after installation
reboot
#Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $1$19347$.N/4En3JI0k2gUp8mvULQ/
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Do not configure the X Window System
skipx
# System timezone
timezone America/New_York
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# Allow anaconda to partition the system as needed
autopart
%pre
set -x -v
exec 1>/tmp/ks-pre.log 2>&1
# Once root's homedir is there, copy over the log.
while : ; do
sleep 10
if [ -d /mnt/sysimage/root ]; then
cp /tmp/ks-pre.log /mnt/sysimage/root/
logger "Copied %pre section log to system"
break
fi
done &
# Enable installation monitoring
%end
%packages
@^minimal-environment
%post --nochroot
set -x -v
exec 1>/mnt/sysimage/root/ks-post-nochroot.log 2>&1
%end
%post
set -x -v
exec 1>/root/ks-post.log 2>&1
# Start yum configuration
curl "http://192.168.111.139/cblr/svc/op/yum/profile/zxr-x86_64" --output /etc/yum.repos.d/cobbler-config.repo
# End yum configuration
# Start post_install_network_config generated code
# End post_install_network_config generated code
# Start download cobbler managed config files (if applicable)
# End download cobbler managed config files (if applicable)
# Start koan environment setup
echo "export COBBLER_SERVER=192.168.111.139" > /etc/profile.d/cobbler.sh
echo "setenv COBBLER_SERVER 192.168.111.139" > /etc/profile.d/cobbler.csh
# End koan environment setup
$SNIPPET('redhat_register')
# Begin cobbler registration
# cobbler registration is disabled in /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml
# End cobbler registration
# Enable post-install boot notification
# Start final steps
curl "http://192.168.111.139/cblr/svc/op/autoinstall/profile/zxr-x86_64" -o /root/cobbler.ks
# End final steps
%end
#如果是真實環境，那麼部署就已經完成，如果是虛擬機就還需執行以下步驟
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/share/cobbler/bin/
[root@localhost bin]# ls
migrate-data-v2-to-v3.py migrate-settings.sh mkgrub.sh settings-migration-v1-to-v2.sh
[root@localhost bin]# bash mkgrub.sh
[root@localhost bin]# cd /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
[root@localhost loaders]# ll
total 72
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 79 Sep 24 16:57 grub
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 31 Sep 24 16:57 ldlinux.c32 -> /usr/share/syslinux/ldlinux.c32
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 26272 Sep 24 16:31 menu.c32
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 42376 Sep 24 16:31 pxelinux.0
#進行同步
[root@localhost loaders]# cobbler sync
#重啟服務
[root@localhost loaders]# systemctl restart httpd cobblerd rsyncd dhcpd
進行測試
安裝一個空殼centos8的虛擬機，不需要給鏡像
進來後就發現可以自動獲取ip選擇我們剛纔上傳的鏡像
正在安裝包
安裝完成，登錄查看ip
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