搭建lamp架構 1.LAMP架構介紹 所謂lamp,其實就是由Linux+Apache+Mysql/MariaDB+Php/Perl/Python的一組動態網站或者伺服器的開源軟體,除Linux外其它各部件本身都是各自獨立的程式,但是因為經常被放在一起使用,擁有了越來越高的相容度,共同組成了一個強 ...
搭建lamp架構
目錄1.LAMP架構介紹
所謂lamp,其實就是由Linux+Apache+Mysql/MariaDB+Php/Perl/Python的一組動態網站或者伺服器的開源軟體,除Linux外其它各部件本身都是各自獨立的程式,但是因為經常被放在一起使用,擁有了越來越高的相容度,共同組成了一個強大的Web應用程式平臺。
LAMP指的是Linux(操作系統)、Apache(HTTP伺服器)、MySQL(也指MariaDB,資料庫軟體)和PHP(有時也是指Perl或Python)的第一個字母,一般用來建立web應用平臺。
2.架構說明
apache主要實現如下功能:
第一:處理http的請求、構建響應報文等自身服務;
第二:配置讓Apache支持PHP程式的響應(通過PHP模塊或FPM);
第三:配置Apache具體處理php程式的方法,如通過反向代理將php程式交給fcgi處理。
mariadb主要實現如下功能:
第一:提供PHP程式對數據的存儲;
第二:提供PHP程式對數據的讀取(通常情況下從性能的角度考慮,儘量實現資料庫的讀寫分離)。
php主要實現如下功能:
第一:提供apache的訪問介面,即CGI或Fast CGI(FPM);
第二:提供PHP程式的解釋器;
第三:提供mairadb資料庫的連接函數的基本環境。
由此可知,要實現LAMP在配置每一個服務時,安裝功能需求進行配置,即可實現LAMP的架構,當然apache、mariadb和php服務都可配置為獨立服務,安裝在不同伺服器之上。
3.lamp平臺搭建
環境說明
系統平臺 | IP | 需要安裝的服務 |
---|---|---|
centos8 | 192.168.111.135 | http mysql php php-mysql |
lamp平臺軟體安裝次序:
http - - > mysql - - > php //順序不可逆
阿裡雲
配置一下倉庫源
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repo.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rm -rf *
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cd
[root@localhost ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's|^#baseurl=https://download.example/pub|baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's|^metalink|#metalink|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
3.1 編譯安裝httpd
//先下載需要的依賴包
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y groupinstall "Development Tools" --allowerasing
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y install wget openssl-devel pcre-devel expat-devel libtool libxml2-devel make gcc gcc-c++
//創建一個apache的用戶
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin apache
[root@localhost ~]# id apache
uid=994(apache) gid=991(apache) groups=991(apache)
//wget下載安裝httpd所需要的包
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://downloads.apache.org/apr/apr-1.7.0.tar.gz https://downloads.apache.org/apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz https://downloads.apache.org/httpd/httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg apr-1.7.0.tar.gz apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz
//解壓並編譯
[root@localhost ~]# tar xf apr-1.7.0.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# tar xf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# tar xf httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg apr-1.7.0 apr-1.7.0.tar.gz apr-util-1.6.1 apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz httpd-2.4.54 httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz
//進入apr-1.7.0的configure刪除這一行或者註釋這一行
[root@localhost ~]# cd apr-1.7.0
[root@localhost apr-1.7.0]# vim configure
cfgfile=${ofile}T
trap "$RM \"$cfgfile\"; exit 1" 1 2 15
#$RM "$cfgfile" //註釋這行
//編譯apr
[root@localhost apr-1.7.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
[root@localhost apr-1.7.0]# make && make install
//編譯apr-util
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.54]# cd ../apr-util-1.6.1
[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr/
[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# make && make install
//編譯httpd
[root@localhost ~]# cd httpd-2.4.54
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.54]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --enable-so --enable-ssl --enable-cgi --enable-rewrite --with-zlib --with-pcre --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/ --enable-modules=most --enable-mpms-shared=all --with-rpm=prefork
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.54]# make && make install
//配置環境變數
[root@localhost ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/apache/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/apache.sh
[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile.d/apache.sh
[root@localhost ~]# which apachectl
/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl
//創建頭文件軟連接
[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /usr/local/apache/include/ /usr/include/apache
//添加幫助文檔
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/man_db.conf
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/share/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/local/share/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/local/apache/man //添加
//取消警報
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf
ServerName www.example.com:80 //取消這行註釋
//編寫控制腳本
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/lib/systemd/system/
[root@localhost system]# cp sshd.service httpd.service
[root@localhost system]# vim httpd.service
[Unit]
Description=httpd server daemon
After=network.target sshd-keygen.target
[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl start
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
ExecStop=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl stop
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl daemon-reload //刷新一下
//設置開機自啟動
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now httpd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
[root@localhost ~]# ss -anlt
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
//關閉防火牆和selinux
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
3.2 二進位安裝mysql
//安裝依賴包
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install ncurses-devel openssl-devel openssl cmake mariadb-devel ncurses-compat-libs
//創建用戶
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
[root@localhost ~]# id mysql
uid=993(mysql) gid=990(mysql) groups=990(mysql)
//下載二進位包
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@localhost src]# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
//解壓軟體包
[root@localhost src]# tar xf mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
//更改軟體名,更改屬主屬組
[root@localhost src]# cd /usr/local/
[root@localhost local]# mv mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
[root@localhost local]# chown -R mysql.mysql mysql*
[root@localhost local]# ll -d mysql
drwxr-xr-x. 9 mysql mysql 129 Aug 2 19:08 mysql
//配置環境變數
[root@localhost local]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@localhost local]# source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
//創建頭文件
[root@localhost local]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include /usr/include/mysql
//添加幫助文檔
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/man_db.conf
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/share/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/local/share/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/local/apache/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/local/mysql/man //添加
//創建庫文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
/usr/local/mysql/lib/
[root@localhost ~]# ldconfig
//創建數據存放目錄
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /opt/data
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/data/
[root@localhost ~]# ll -d /opt/data/
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 Aug 2 19:13 /opt/data/
//初始化
[root@localhost ~]# mysqld --initialize --user mysql --datadir /opt/data/
2022-08-02T11:33:30.837163Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2022-08-02T11:33:30.882575Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ,%//ikYZV3tZ //最後一行會生成臨時密碼
[root@localhost ~]# echo ',%//ikYZV3tZ' > passwd //記錄一下密碼
//編寫配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y remove mariadb*
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /opt/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
port = 3306
pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
user = mysql
skip-name-resolve
//編寫服務控制腳本
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/lib/systemd/system/
[root@localhost system]# cp httpd.service mysqld.service
[root@localhost system]# vim mysqld.service
[Unit]
Description=mysql server daemon
After=network.target sshd-keygen.target
[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start
ExecStop=/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server stop
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl daemon-reload //刷新一下
//設置開機自啟
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now mysqld
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mysqld.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service.
[root@localhost ~]# ss -anlt
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 80 *:3306 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
//設置密碼
[root@localhost ~]# cat passwd
,%//ikYZV3tZ
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p',%//ikYZV3tZ'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.38
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> set password = password('123456');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
//登錄查看是否修改成功
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.38 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
3.3 編譯安裝php
//下載php軟體包
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@localhost src]# wget https://www.php.net/distributions/php-7.4.30.tar.gz
//解壓軟體包
[root@localhost src]# tar xf php-7.4.30.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# ls
debug kernels mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz php-7.4.30 php-7.4.30.tar.gz
//安裝依賴包
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y install libxml2 libxml2-devel openssl openssl-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel libcurl libcurl-devel libicu-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel openldap-devel pcre-devel freetype freetype-devel gmp gmp-devel libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel readline readline-devel libxslt libxslt-devel mhash mhash-devel php-mysqlnd
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y install http://mirror.centos.org/centos/8-stream/PowerTools/x86_64/os/Packages/oniguruma-devel-6.8.2-2.el8.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y install libsqlite3x-devel
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y install libzip-devel
//編譯安裝
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@localhost src]# cd php-7.4.30
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php7 \
--with-config-file-path=/etc \
--enable-fpm \
--enable-inline-optimization \
--disable-debug \
--disable-rpath \
--enable-shared \
--enable-soap \
--with-openssl \
--enable-bcmath \
--with-iconv \
--with-bz2 \
--enable-calendar \
--with-curl \
--enable-exif \
--enable-ftp \
--enable-gd \
--with-jpeg \
--with-zlib-dir \
--with-freetype \
--with-gettext \
--enable-json \
--enable-mbstring \
--enable-pdo \
--with-mysqli=mysqlnd \
--with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \
--with-readline \
--enable-shmop \
--enable-simplexml \
--enable-sockets \
--with-zip \
--enable-mysqlnd-compression-support \
--with-pear \
--enable-pcntl \
--enable-posix
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# make && make install
//配置環境變數
[root@localhost local]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/php7/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/php.sh
[root@localhost local]# source /etc/profile.d/php.sh
[root@localhost local]# which php
/usr/local/php7/bin/php
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# php -v
PHP 7.4.30 (cli) (built: Aug 2 2022 22:27:01) ( NTS )
Copyright (c) The PHP Group
Zend Engine v3.4.0, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies
//配置php-fpm
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini
cp: overwrite '/etc/php.ini'? y
[root@localhost php-7.4.30]# cd sapi/fpm/
[root@localhost fpm]# file init.d.php-fpm
init.d.php-fpm: POSIX shell script, ASCII text executable
[root@localhost fpm]# cp init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[root@localhost fpm]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[root@localhost fpm]# cd /usr/local/php7/
[root@localhost php7]# ls
bin etc include lib php sbin var
[root@localhost php7]# cd etc/
[root@localhost etc]# cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
[root@localhost etc]# ls
pear.conf php-fpm.conf php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.d
[root@localhost etc]# cd php-fpm.d/
[root@localhost php-fpm.d]# ls
www.conf.default
[root@localhost php-fpm.d]# cp www.conf.default www.conf
[root@localhost php-fpm.d]# ls
www.conf www.conf.default
//編輯php-fpm的配置文件(/usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf):
//配置fpm的相關選項為你所需要的值:
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf
[root@localhost ~]# tail /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf
; files from a glob(3) pattern. This directive can be used everywhere in the
; file.
; Relative path can also be used. They will be prefixed by:
; - the global prefix if it's been set (-p argument)
; - /usr/local/php7 otherwise
include=/usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf
pm.max_children = 50 //最多同時提供50個進程提供50個併發服務
pm.start_servers = 5 //啟動時啟動5個進程
pm.min_spare_servers = 2 //最小空閑進程數
pm.max_spare_servers = 8 //最大空閑進程數
//取消httpd.conf的註釋,啟動httpd的相關模塊
[root@localhost php-fpm.d]# vim /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf
#LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so //取消井號
#LoadModule proxy_fcgi_module modules/mod_proxy_fcgi.so //取消井號
//編寫測試文件
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/apache/htdocs/runtime
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/apache/htdocs/runtime/index.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R apache.apache /usr/local/apache/htdocs/
[root@localhost ~]# ll -d /usr/local/apache/htdocs/
drwxr-xr-x. 3 apache apache 39 Aug 2 22:45 /usr/local/apache/htdocs/
//配置虛擬主機
[root@localhost extra]# vim /usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
//在配置文件的最後加入以下內容
<VirtualHost *:80>
DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/runtime"
ServerName runtime.example.com
ErrorLog "logs/runtime.example.com-error_log"
CustomLog "logs/runtime.example.com-access_log" common
ProxyRequests Off
ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*\.php)$ fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/usr/local/apache/htdocs/runtime/$1
<Directory "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/runtime">
Options none
AllowOverride none
Require all granted
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf
//搜索ADDType,添加以下內容
AddType application/x-compress .Z
AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php //添加此行
AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps //添加此行
DirectoryIndex index.php index.html //在前面添加一個index.php
#Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf //取消註釋
//啟動php httpd
[root@localhost local]# service php-fpm start
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --add php-fpm //開機自啟動
[root@localhost local]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@localhost local]# ss -anlt
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:9000 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 80 *:3306 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
3.4 查看結果
4. lamp架構上部署phpmyadmin
4.1 先在資料庫中創建一個用戶並授權
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
mysql> grant all on admin.* to 'admin'@'%' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
mysql> grant all on admin.* to 'admin'@'localhost' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
4.2 下載phpmyadmin並解壓和配置
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://files.phpmyadmin.net/phpMyAdmin/5.2.0/phpMyAdmin-5.2.0-all-languages.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# tar xf phpMyAdmin-5.2.0-all-languages.tar.gz -C /usr/local/apache/htdocs/runtime/
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/apache/htdocs/runtime/
[root@localhost runtime]# ls
index.php phpMyAdmin-5.2.0-all-languages
[root@localhost runtime]# mv phpMyAdmin-5.2.0-all-languages/* .
mv: overwrite './index.php'? y
[root@localhost runtime]# systemctl restart httpd