MYSQL入門操作和常規DML、DDL、DQL使用

刷新許可權，將某些許可權從硬碟刷新到記憶體中(修改root密碼自帶隱式刷新許可權操作)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

查看服務埠

mysql> show variables like 'port';
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| port          | 3306  |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

查看資料庫字元集

mysql> show variables like '%char%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                            |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                             |
| character_set_connection | utf8                             |
| character_set_database   | latin1                           |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                           |
| character_set_results    | utf8                             |
| character_set_server     | latin1                           |
| character_set_system     | utf8                             |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/local/mysql/share/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.01 sec)

切資料庫

mysql> select database();
+------------+
| database() |
+------------+
| test       |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed  
mysql> select database();
+------------+
| database() |
+------------+
| mysql      |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> status
--------------
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.25, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

Connection id:          6
Current database:       mysql
Current user:           root@localhost
SSL:                    Not in use
Current pager:          stdout
Using outfile:          ''
Using delimiter:        ;
Server version:         5.7.25 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version:       10
Connection:             Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:    latin1
Db     characterset:    latin1
Client characterset:    utf8
Conn.  characterset:    utf8
UNIX socket:            /tmp/mysql.sock
Uptime:                 2 days 16 hours 47 min 41 sec

Threads: 1  Questions: 58  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 138  Flush tables: 1  Open tables: 131  Queries per second avg: 0.000
--------------


mysql> show tables;
+---------------------------+
| Tables_in_mysql           |
+---------------------------+
| columns_priv              |
| db                        |
| engine_cost               |
| event                     |
| func                      |
| general_log               |
| gtid_executed             |
| help_category             |
| help_keyword              |
| help_relation             |
| help_topic                |
| innodb_index_stats        |
| innodb_table_stats        |
| ndb_binlog_index          |
| plugin                    |
| proc                      |
| procs_priv                |
| proxies_priv              |
| server_cost               |
| servers                   |
| slave_master_info         |
| slave_relay_log_info      |
| slave_worker_info         |
| slow_log                  |
| tables_priv               |
| time_zone                 |
| time_zone_leap_second     |
| time_zone_name            |
| time_zone_transition      |
| time_zone_transition_type |
| user                      |
+---------------------------+
31 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

創建允許遠程登陸的用戶

mysql> select host,user from mysql.user;
+-----------+---------------+
| host      | user          |
+-----------+---------------+
| localhost | mysql.session |
| localhost | mysql.sys     |
| localhost | root          |
+-----------+---------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to scott@'%' identified by 'tiger';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

data目錄中每個資料庫都創建了一個文件夾，lbdata1、ib_logfile0、ib_logfile1三個是專門為innodb存放數據和日誌的共用文件

mysql> create database test;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> use test;
Database changed
mysql> create table tmp(id int);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> desc tmp;
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | int(11) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)

mysql> insert into tmp value ('2')
    -> ;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> commit;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from tmp;
+------+
| id   |
+------+
|    2 |
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> \q
Bye
[root@localhost /usr/local/mysql/data]$ ls
auto.cnf  ib_buffer_pool  ibdata1  ib_logfile0  ib_logfile1  ibtmp1  localhost.localdomain.err  localhost.localdomain.pid  mysql  performance_schema  sys  test
[root@localhost /usr/local/mysql/data]$ cd test
[root@localhost /usr/local/mysql/data/test]$ ls
db.opt  tmp.frm  tmp.ibd

每個資料庫目錄中的db.opt是資料庫的信息,表名.frm是表的元信息,表名.ibd是數據信息,其中innodb_file_per_table參數來控制是否單獨存儲，5.7預設on，之前版本預設off

mysql> show variables like '%per_table%';
+-----------------------+-------+
| Variable_name         | Value |
+-----------------------+-------+
| innodb_file_per_table | ON    |
+-----------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> 

.myd .myi是老的MyISAM存儲引擎,myi是索引信息

mysql> create table tmp2(id int);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql>  show create table tmp;
+-------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table | Create Table                                                                            |
+-------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| tmp   | CREATE TABLE `tmp` (
  `id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 |
+-------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>