在上一篇文章《iOS之ProtocolBuffer搭建和示例demo》分享環境的搭建, 我們和伺服器進行IM通訊用了github有名的框架CocoaAsynSocket, 然後和伺服器之間的數據媒介是ProtoBuf。然後後面在開發的過程中也碰到了拆包和粘包問題，這方面網上資料很少，曲折了一下才解決 ...
在上一篇文章《iOS之ProtocolBuffer搭建和示例demo》分享環境的搭建, 我們和伺服器進行IM通訊用了github有名的框架CocoaAsynSocket, 然後和伺服器之間的數據媒介是ProtoBuf。然後後面在開發的過程中也碰到了拆包和粘包問題，這方面網上資料很少，曲折了一下才解決，這裡分享一下問題的解決過程！
首先描述下碰到的問題：
1、伺服器發送內容很長的數據過來的時候，GCDAsyncSocket監聽收到的一個包解析不了，一直要接收好幾個包拼接才是這條數據的完整包，即所謂的拆包/斷包；
2、伺服器快速發送多條數據過來，傳到客戶端這邊的時候幾條數據合成了一個包，即所謂的粘包。所以想解析這些粘在一起的數據，必須知道每條數據的長度，才能正確切割解析。
先上關鍵代碼，解決讀取每條數據的頭部位元組，根據頭部位元組讀取這條數據的內容長度。這樣才能完美的解決粘包問題。由於根據數據的長度不一樣，導致頭部位元組占用的長度也會不一樣，比如說我這裡反覆測試的結果頭部占用位元組一般為1和2，短內容數據頭部占用位元組長度為1，長內容數據頭部占用位元組長度為2。這裡的代碼參考了谷歌提供的Protobuf的objectivec版的源碼。
/** 關鍵代碼：獲取data數據的內容長度和頭部長度: index --> 頭部占用長度 (頭部占用長度1-4個位元組) */ - (int32_t)getContentLength:(NSData *)data withHeadLength:(int32_t *)index{ int8_t tmp = [self readRawByte:data headIndex:index]; if (tmp >= 0) return tmp; int32_t result = tmp & 0x7f; if ((tmp = [self readRawByte:data headIndex:index]) >= 0) { result |= tmp << 7; } else { result |= (tmp & 0x7f) << 7; if ((tmp = [self readRawByte:data headIndex:index]) >= 0) { result |= tmp << 14; } else { result |= (tmp & 0x7f) << 14; if ((tmp = [self readRawByte:data headIndex:index]) >= 0) { result |= tmp << 21; } else { result |= (tmp & 0x7f) << 21; result |= (tmp = [self readRawByte:data headIndex:index]) << 28; if (tmp < 0) { for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { if ([self readRawByte:data headIndex:index] >= 0) { return result; } } result = -1; } } } } return result; } /** 讀取位元組 */ - (int8_t)readRawByte:(NSData *)data headIndex:(int32_t *)index{ if (*index >= data.length) return -1; *index = *index + 1; return ((int8_t *)data.bytes)[*index - 1]; }
解決了讀取每條數據的頭部占用位元組，和內容的長度，粘包問題就好解決了。
再上比較完整的代碼：從客戶端監聽伺服器發送過來的數據到處理拆包和粘包問題，然後解析成自定義的protobuf模型類。
/** 監聽來自伺服器的消息代理方法 */ - (void)socket:(GCDAsyncSocket *)sock didReadData:(NSData *)data withTag:(long)tag { [self.receiveData appendData:data]; //讀取data的頭部占用位元組 和 從頭部讀取內容長度 //驗證結果：數據比較小時頭部占用位元組為1，數據比較大時頭部占用位元組為2 int32_t headL = 0; int32_t contentL = [self getContentLength:self.receiveData withHeadLength:&headL]; if (contentL < 1){ [sock readDataWithTimeout:-1 tag:0]; return; } //拆包情況下：繼續接收下一條消息，直至接收完這條消息所有的拆包，再解析 if (headL + contentL > self.receiveData.length){ [sock readDataWithTimeout:-1 tag:0]; return; } //當receiveData長度不小於第一條消息內容長度時，開始解析receiveData [self parseContentDataWithHeadLength:headL withContentLength:contentL]; [sock readDataWithTimeout:-1 tag:tag]; } #pragma mark - private methods 輔助方法 /** 解析二進位數據：NSData --> 自定義模型對象 */ - (void)parseContentDataWithHeadLength:(int32_t)headL withContentLength:(int32_t)contentL{ NSRange range = NSMakeRange(0, headL + contentL); //本次解析data的範圍 NSData *data = [self.receiveData subdataWithRange:range]; //本次解析的data GPBCodedInputStream *inputStream = [GPBCodedInputStream streamWithData:data]; NSError *error; ChatMsg *obj = [ChatMsg parseDelimitedFromCodedInputStream:inputStream extensionRegistry:nil error:&error]; if (!error){ if (obj) [self saveReceiveInfo:obj]; //保存解析正確的模型對象 [self.receiveData replaceBytesInRange:range withBytes:NULL length:0]; //移除已經解析過的data } if (self.receiveData.length < 1) return; //對於粘包情況下被合併的多條消息，迴圈遞歸直至解析完所有消息 headL = 0; contentL = [self getContentLength:self.receiveData withHeadLength:&headL]; [self parseContentDataWithHeadLength:headL withContentLength:contentL]; //繼續解析下一條 } /** 獲取data數據的內容長度和頭部長度: index --> 頭部占用長度 (頭部占用長度1-4個位元組) */ - (int32_t)getContentLength:(NSData *)data withHeadLength:(int32_t *)index{ int8_t tmp = [self readRawByte:data headIndex:index]; if (tmp >= 0) return tmp; int32_t result = tmp & 0x7f; if ((tmp = [self readRawByte:data headIndex:index]) >= 0) { result |= tmp << 7; } else { result |= (tmp & 0x7f) << 7; if ((tmp = [self readRawByte:data headIndex:index]) >= 0) { result |= tmp << 14; } else { result |= (tmp & 0x7f) << 14; if ((tmp = [self readRawByte:data headIndex:index]) >= 0) { result |= tmp << 21; } else { result |= (tmp & 0x7f) << 21; result |= (tmp = [self readRawByte:data headIndex:index]) << 28; if (tmp < 0) { for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { if ([self readRawByte:data headIndex:index] >= 0) { return result; } } result = -1; } } } } return result; } /** 讀取位元組 */ - (int8_t)readRawByte:(NSData *)data headIndex:(int32_t *)index{ if (*index >= data.length) return -1; *index = *index + 1; return ((int8_t *)data.bytes)[*index - 1]; } /** 處理解析出來的信息 */ - (void)saveReceiveInfo:(ChatMsg *)obj{ //... }View Code
--------------------- print log test start ---------------------
在GCDAsyncSocket監聽伺服器代理方法裡面列印日誌，查看下正常包、粘包、拆包的日誌信息：
1、正常包的列印日誌（伺服器發送一條消息達到客戶端只有一個包: 1 + 49 = 50 ）：
實際接收總包長度：50, 當前接收包長度：50, 讀取頭部占用長度: 1, 讀取內容長度：49, 當前包位元組： <3108c901 122c0a0a 74363330 32303137 30361203 43636318 01220c64 656e6773 6f6e676e 616e782a 00300038 9af6ccd5 b72b>
2、粘包情況下的日誌 （發送的4條消息合到了一個包里：(1 + 49) * 4 = 200 ）：
實際接收總包長度：200, 當前接收包長度：200, 讀取頭部占用長度: 1, 讀取內容長度：49, 當前包位元組： <3108c901 122c0a0a 74363330 32303137 30361203 46666618 01220c64 656e6773 6f6e676e 616e782a 00300038 f2cfccd5 b72b3108 c901122c 0a0a7436 33303230 31373036 12034767 67180122 0c64656e 67736f6e 676e616e 782a0030 003898d0 ccd5b72b 3108c901 122c0a0a 74363330 32303137 30361203 5a7a7a18 01220c64 656e6773 6f6e676e 616e782a 00300038 add0ccd5 b72b3108 c901122c 0a0a7436 33303230 31373036 12035878 78180122 0c64656e 67736f6e 676e616e 782a0030 0038c1d0 ccd5b72b>
3、拆包情況下的日誌 （發送一條內容較長的消息，最後到達客戶端時被拆成了三個接收包: 4200 + 1400 + 292 = 2+5890 ）：
實際接收總包長度：4200, 當前接收包長度：4200, 讀取頭部占用長度: 2, 讀取內容長度：5890, 當前包位元組： <822e08c9 0112fc2d 0a0a7436 33303230 31373036 12d22d50 e7acace4 b880e6ac a16f6e65 6f6e656f 6e65206f 6e656f6e 656f6d65 20e68891 e78eb0e5 9ca8e79c 9fe79a84 e99d9ee5 b8b8e684 9fe8b0a2 e68891e8 bf87e58e bbe79a84 e58aaae5 8a9befbc 8ce8a681 e698afe8 8bb1e8af ade4b88d e5a5bdef bc8ce688 91e58faf e883bde9 83bde581 9ae79a84 e697b6e5 8099efbc 8ce4b88d e8a18c7e 7e0a0ae8 bf99e5b0 b1e698af e4b88de6 8782e5be 97e4b893 efbc8ce6 b2a1e4bb 80e4b988 e68bbfe5 be97e587 bae6898b e79a84e6 a188e4be 8befbc8c e5ada6e4 bc9ae59c a8e4b880 e4b8aae9 a286e59f 9fe68a8a e4bb96e5 819ae588 b0e4bc98 e7a780ef bc8ce99d 9ee5b8b8 e79a84e5 85b3e994 aee38082 0a0ae4bd 86e698af e5be88e5 8fafe683 9cefbc8c e8bf99e4 b8aae7a4 bee4bc9a e69c89e5 be88e5a4 9ae599aa e99fb3ef bc8ce697 b6e4b88d e697b6e7 9a84e4b8 80e79bb4 e59ca8e5 b9b2e689 b0e79d80 e4bda07e 7e20e58c 85e68bac e68891e4 b99fe698 afe5958a efbc8ce6 8891e6af 8fe5a4a9 e68ea5e6 94b6e79a 84e4bfa1 e681afe5 a49fe5a4 9ae4ba86 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e9a1b9e7 9baeefbc 8ce4bda0 e8afb4e5 bf83e58a a8e4b88d efbc9fe4 bda0e8af b4e683b3 e8a681e4 b88defbc 9f0a0ae5 bd93e784 b67e7e0a 0ae58faf e698afef bc8ce5a6 82e69e9c e68891e4 bb80e4b9 88e983bd e5819aef bc8ce69c 80e5908e e68891e8 82afe5ae 9ae593aa e4b880e6 a0b7e983 bde5819a e4b88de5 a5bde380 82e59084 e4bd8def bc8ce4bd a0e4bbac e4b880e5 ae9ae8a6 81e79fa5 e98193e8 87aae5b7 b1e683b3 e8a681e4 bb80e4b9 88efbc81 0a0a0a0a e5a4a7e5 ada6e982 a3e4bc9a e584bfef bc8ce8b7 91e6ada5 efbc8ce8 afbbe4b9 a6efbc8c e994bbe7 82bce688 91e5b0b1> 實際接收總包長度：5600, 當前接收包長度：1400, 讀取頭部占用長度: 2, 讀取內容長度：5890, 當前包位元組： <e5b7b2e7 bb8fe99d 9ee5b8b8 e6b885e6 a59ae688 91e683b3 e8a681e7 9a84e698 afe4bb80 e4b988e6 a0b7e79a 84e8b7af efbc8ce9 9c80e8a6 81e9809a e8bf87e4 bb80e4b9 88e6a0b7 e79a84e5 8aaae58a 9be58ebb e588b0e8 bebee380 82e588b0 e4bb8ae5 a4a9e69b b4e698af e5a682e6 ada4efbc 8ce5a5bd e79a84e4 babae794 9fe79a84 e5a49ae6 b2a10ae4 bd86e4bd a0e4bbac e4b88de7 9fa5e981 93efbc8c e69c89e6 97b6e580 99e79c9f e79a84e8 a789e5be 97efbc8c e4b880e6 9dafe88c b6efbc8c e784b6e5 908ee4b8 80e9a696 e5969ce6 aca2e79a 8450e7ac ace4b880 e6aca16f 6e656f6e 656f6e65 206f6e65 6f6e656f 6d6520e6 8891e78e b0e59ca8 e79c9fe7 9a84e99d 9ee5b8b8 e6849fe8 b0a2e688 91e8bf87 e58ebbe7 9a84e58a aae58a9b efbc8ce8 a681e698 afe88bb1 e8afade4 b88de5a5 bdefbc8c e68891e5 8fafe883 bde983bd e5819ae7 9a84e697 b6e58099 efbc8ce4 b88de8a1 8c7e7e0a 0ae8bf99 e5b0b1e6 98afe4b8 8de68782 e5be97e4 b893efbc 8ce6b2a1 e4bb80e4 b988e68b bfe5be97 e587bae6 898be79a 84e6a188 e4be8bef bc8ce5ad a6e4bc9a e59ca8e4 b880e4b8 aae9a286 e59f9fe6 8a8ae4bb 96e5819a e588b0e4 bc98e7a7 80efbc8c e99d9ee5 b8b8e79a 84e585b3 e994aee3 80820a0a e4bd86e6 98afe5be 88e58faf e6839cef bc8ce8bf 99e4b8aa e7a4bee4 bc9ae69c 89e5be88 e5a49ae5 99aae99f b3efbc8c e697b6e4 b88de697 b6e79a84 e4b880e7 9bb4e59c a8e5b9b2 e689b0e7 9d80e4bd a07e7e20 e58c85e6 8bace688 91e4b99f e698afe5 958aefbc 8ce68891 e6af8fe5 a4a9e68e a5e694b6 e79a84e4 bfa1e681 afe5a49f e5a49ae4 ba86e590 a7efbc8c e59084e4 b8aae696 b9e99da2 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8ce69c89 e697b6e5 8099e79c 9fe79a84 e8a789e5 be97efbc 8ce4b880 e69dafe8 8cb6efbc 8ce784b6 e5908ee4 b880e9a6 96e5969c e6aca2e7 9a84e6ad 8cefbc8c e5b0b1e8 83bde6bb a1e8b6b3 e68980e6 9c89e380 82e7acac e4ba8ce6 aca1e7bb 93e69d9f efbc81ef bc81efbc 81656e64 656e6474 776f20e6 ad8cefbc 8ce5b0b1 e883bde6 bba1e8b6 b3e68980 e69c89e3 8082e7ac ace4ba8c e6aca1e7 bb93e69d 9fefbc81 efbc81ef bc81656e 64656e64 74776f20 e68891e8 82afe5ae 9ae593aa e4b880e6 a0b7e983 bde5819a e4b88de5 a5bde380 82e59084 e4bd8def bc8ce4bd a0e4bbac e4b880e5 ae9ae8a6 81e79fa5 e98193e8 87aae5b7 b1e683b3 e8a681e4 bb80e4b9 88efbc81 0a0a0a0a e5a4a7e5 ada6e982 a3e4bc9a e584bfef bc8ce8b7 91e6ada5 efbc8ce8 afbbe4b9 a6efbc8c e994bbe7 82bce688 91e5b0b1 e5b7b2e7 bb8fe99d 9ee5b8b8> 實際接收總包長度：5892, 當前接收包長度：292, 讀取頭部占用長度: 2, 讀取內容長度：5890, 當前包位元組： <e6b885e6 a59ae688 91e683b3 e8a681e7 9a84e698 afe4bb80 e4b988e6 a0b7e79a 84e8b7af efbc8ce9 9c80e8a6 81e9809a e8bf87e4 bb80e4b9 88e6a0b7 e79a84e5 8aaae58a 9be58ebb e588b0e8 bebee380 82e588b0 e4bb8ae5 a4a9e69b b4e698af e5a682e6 ada4efbc 8ce5a5bd e79a84e4 babae794 9fe79a84 e5a49ae6 b2a10ae4 bd86e4bd a0e4bbac e4b88de7 9fa5e981 93efbc8c e69c89e6 97b6e580 99e79c9f e79a84e8 a789e5be 97efbc8c e4b880e6 9dafe88c b6efbc8c e784b6e5 908ee4b8 80e9a696 e5969ce6 aca2e79a 84e6ad8c efbc8ce5 b0b1e883 bde6bba1 e8b6b3e6 8980e69c 89e38082 e7acace4 ba8ce6ac a1e7bb93 e69d9fef bc81efbc 81efbc81 656e6465 6e647477 6f180122 0c64656e 67736f6e 676e616e 782a0030 0038aec2 e0d7b72b>View Code
--------------------- print log test end ---------------------
示例demo下載地址：https://github.com/xiaotanit/Tan_ProtocolBuffer
原文鏈接：http://www.cnblogs.com/tandaxia/p/6718695.html
