scrapy框架中多個spider,tiems,pipelines的使用及運行方法

用scrapy只創建一個項目，創建多個spider，每個spider指定items,pipelines.啟動爬蟲時只寫一個啟動腳本就可以全部同時啟動。

本文代碼已上傳至github,鏈接在文未。

一，創建多個spider的scrapy項目

scrapy startproject mymultispider
cd mymultispider
scrapy genspider myspd1 sina.com.cn
scrapy genspider myspd2 sina.com.cn
scrapy genspider myspd3 sina.com.cn

二，運行方法

1.為了方便觀察，在spider中分別列印相關信息

import scrapy
class Myspd1Spider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'myspd1'
    allowed_domains = ['sina.com.cn']
    start_urls = ['http://sina.com.cn/']


    def parse(self, response):
        print('myspd1')

其他如myspd2,myspd3分別列印相關內容。

2.多個spider運行方法有兩種，第一種寫法比較簡單，在項目目錄下創建crawl.py文件，內容如下

from scrapy.crawler import CrawlerProcess
from scrapy.utils.project import get_project_settings

process = CrawlerProcess(get_project_settings())

# myspd1是爬蟲名
process.crawl('myspd1')
process.crawl('myspd2')
process.crawl('myspd3')

process.start()

為了觀察方便，可在settings.py文件中限定日誌輸出

LOG_LEVEL = 'ERROR'

右鍵運行此文件即可，輸出如下

 3.第二種運行方法為修改crawl源碼，可以從官方的github中找到：https://github.com/scrapy/scrapy/blob/master/scrapy/commands/crawl.py

在spiders目錄的同級目錄下創建一個mycmd目錄，併在該目錄中創建一個mycrawl.py,將crawl源碼複製進來，修改其中的run方法，改為如下內容

def run(self, args, opts):
    # 獲取爬蟲列表
    spd_loader_list = self.crawler_process.spider_loader.list()
    # 遍歷各爬蟲
    for spname in spd_loader_list or args:
        self.crawler_process.crawl(spname, **opts.spargs)
        print("此時啟動的爬蟲：" + spname)
    self.crawler_process.start()

在該文件的目錄下創建初始化文件__init__.py

完成後機構目錄如下

 使用命令啟動爬蟲

scrapy mycrawl --nolog

輸出如下：

三，指定items

1,這個比較簡單，在items.py文件內創建相應的類，在spider中引入即可

items.py

import scrapy


class MymultispiderItem(scrapy.Item):
    # define the fields for your item here like:
    # name = scrapy.Field()
    pass

class Myspd1spiderItem(scrapy.Item):
    name = scrapy.Field()

class Myspd2spiderItem(scrapy.Item):
    name = scrapy.Field()

class Myspd3spiderItem(scrapy.Item):
    name = scrapy.Field()

spider內，例myspd1

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
from mymultispider.items import Myspd1spiderItem

class Myspd1Spider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'myspd1'
    allowed_domains = ['sina.com.cn']
    start_urls = ['http://sina.com.cn/']

    def parse(self, response):
        print('myspd1')
        item = Myspd1spiderItem()
        item['name'] = 'myspd1的pipelines'
        yield item

四，指定pipelines

1,這個也有兩種方法，方法一，定義多個pipeline類：

pipelines.py文件內：

class Myspd1spiderPipeline(object):
    def process_item(self,item,spider):
        print(item['name'])
        return item

class Myspd2spiderPipeline(object):
    def process_item(self,item,spider):
        print(item['name'])
        return item

class Myspd3spiderPipeline(object):
    def process_item(self,item,spider):
        print(item['name'])
        return item

1.1settings.py文件開啟管道

ITEM_PIPELINES = {
   # 'mymultispider.pipelines.MymultispiderPipeline': 300,
   'mymultispider.pipelines.Myspd1spiderPipeline': 300,
   'mymultispider.pipelines.Myspd2spiderPipeline': 300,
   'mymultispider.pipelines.Myspd3spiderPipeline': 300,
}

1.2spider中設置管道，例myspd1

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
from mymultispider.items import Myspd1spiderItem

class Myspd1Spider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'myspd1'
    allowed_domains = ['sina.com.cn']
    start_urls = ['http://sina.com.cn/']
    custom_settings = {
        'ITEM_PIPELINES': {'mymultispider.pipelines.Myspd1spiderPipeline': 300},
    }

    def parse(self, response):
        print('myspd1')
        item = Myspd1spiderItem()
        item['name'] = 'myspd1的pipelines'
        yield item

指定管道的代碼

custom_settings = {
        'ITEM_PIPELINES': {'mymultispider.pipelines.Myspd1spiderPipeline': 300},
    }

1.3運行crawl文件，運行結果如下

 2，方法二，在pipelines.py文件內判斷是哪個爬蟲的結果

2.1 pipelines.py文件內

class MymultispiderPipeline(object):
    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        if spider.name == 'myspd1':
            print('myspd1的pipelines')
        elif spider.name == 'myspd2':
            print('myspd2的pipelines')
        elif spider.name == 'myspd3':
            print('myspd3的pipelines')
        return item

2.2 settings.py文件內只開啟MymultispiderPipeline這個管道文件

ITEM_PIPELINES = {
   'mymultispider.pipelines.MymultispiderPipeline': 300,
   # 'mymultispider.pipelines.Myspd1spiderPipeline': 300,
   # 'mymultispider.pipelines.Myspd2spiderPipeline': 300,
   # 'mymultispider.pipelines.Myspd3spiderPipeline': 300,
}

2.3spider中屏蔽掉指定pipelines的相關代碼

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
from mymultispider.items import Myspd1spiderItem

class Myspd1Spider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'myspd1'
    allowed_domains = ['sina.com.cn']
    start_urls = ['http://sina.com.cn/']
    # custom_settings = {
    #     'ITEM_PIPELINES': {'mymultispider.pipelines.Myspd1spiderPipeline': 300},
    # }

    def parse(self, response):
        print('myspd1')
        item = Myspd1spiderItem()
        item['name'] = 'myspd1的pipelines'
        yield item

2.4 運行crawl.py文件，結果如下

代碼git地址：https://github.com/terroristhouse/crawler

python系列教程：

鏈接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/10eUCb1tD9GPuua5h_ERjHA 

提取碼：h0td