HTML5基礎-新增標簽+新增屬性+佈局案例

html5中常用的結構標簽 article 文章 header 頭部 nav 導航 section 區域 aside 側邊欄 hgroup 區塊的相關信息 figure 定義一組內容及標題 figcaption 定義figure元素的標題 footer 底部 dialog 對話框使用習慣： hea ...

html5中常用的結構標簽

article 文章

header 頭部

nav 導航

section 區域

aside 側邊欄

hgroup 區塊的相關信息

figure 定義一組內容及標題

figcaption 定義figure元素的標題

footer 底部

dialog 對話框

使用習慣：

header/section/footer > aside/article/figure/hgroup/nav > div

embed可插入flash文件，但flash已經逐漸被淘汰，不建議使用

meter狀態標簽，可以定義電壓

optimum是標準狀態

low與high之間呈現綠色，其餘呈現黃色

<meter value=”220” min=”20” max=”380” low=”200” high=”240” optimum=”220”></meter>

自動計算百分比

<meter value="0.75">75%</meter>

有步長的進度條

<progress value="30" max="100"></progress>

不斷載入的進度條

<progress max="100"></progress>

datalist為input定義下拉列表

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>demo</title>
</head>
<body>
    <input placeholder="請選擇手機品牌" list="phoneList">
    <datalist id="phoneList">
        <option value="iphone">iphone</option>
        <option value="samsung">samsung</option>
        <option value="huawei">huawei</option>
        <option value="oppo">oppo</option>
        <option value="htc">htc</option>
    </datalist>
</body>
</html>

details定義元素的詳細內容，配合summary

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>demo</title>
</head>
<body>
    <details>
        <summary>HTML5</summary>
        <p>HTML5是構建Web內容的一種語言描述方式。HTML5是互聯網的下一代標準，是構建以及呈現互聯網內容的一種語言方式．被認為是互聯網的核心技術之一。HTML產生於1990年，1997年HTML4成為互聯網標準，並廣泛應用於互聯網應用的開發。
HTML5是Web中核心語言HTML的規範，用戶使用任何手段進行網頁瀏覽時看到的內容原本都是HTML格式的，在瀏覽器中通過一些技術處理將其轉換成為了可識別的信息。HTML5在從前HTML4.01的基礎上進行了一定的改進，雖然技術人員在開發過程中可能不會將這些新技術投入應用，但是對於該種技術的新特性，網站開發技術人員是必須要有所瞭解的。 [1-2] </p>
    </details>
</body>
</html>

ruby和rt進行拼音的註釋

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>demo</title>
</head>
<body>
    我們來<ruby>夼<rt>kuang</rt></ruby>一個話題
</body>
</html>

相容瀏覽器的寫法：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>demo</title>
</head>
<body>
    我們來<ruby>夼<rp>(</rp><rt>Kuang</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>一個話題
</body>
</html>

mark黃色選中效果

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>demo</title>
</head>
<body>
    <p>媽媽叫我回家的時候順路買一盒<mark>牛奶</mark>，需要很新鮮的那種。</p>
</body>
</html>

output表單計算

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>demo</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form oninput="sum.value=parseInt(num1.value)*parseInt(num2.value)">
        <input type="number" id="num1">*
        <input type="number" id="num2">=
        <output name="sum" for="num1 num2"></output>
    </form>
</body>
</html>

date pickers在移動端效果比較好

week相容性不好

datetime相容性不好，推薦用datetime-local

time用來設置時間（小時和分鐘）；

month用來設置年和月；

date用來設置年月日；

datetime用來設置年月日和時間；

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>demo</title>
</head>
<body>
    email:<input type="email" name="email"><br>
    url:<input type="url" name="url"><br>
    tel:<input type="tel" name="tel"><br>
    number:<input type="number" name="number"><br>

    date:<input type="date" name="date"><br>
    month:<input type="month" name="month"><br>
    week:<input type="week" name="week"><br>
    time:<input type="time" name="time"><br>
    datetime:<input type="datetime" name="datetime"><br>
    datetime-local:<input type="datetime-local" name="datetime-local"><br>

    range:<input type="range" name="range" min="1" max="10"><br>
    search:<input type="search" name="search"><br>
    color:<input type="color" name="color"><br>

</body>
</html>

autocomplete屬性規定form或input域擁有自動完成功能，該屬性適用於<form>標簽和<input>標簽

autofocus自動獲取焦點

multiple多選，適用於email和file，email中不同郵箱用,隔開

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>demo</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form action="lesson2_1 autocomplete.html" autocomplete="on">
        <input type="text" name="text" autofocus="autofocus" placeholder="您好，請在這裡輸入您的用戶名！"><br>
        <input type="email" name="email" autocomplete="off" multiple="multiple"><br>
        <input type="file" name="file" multiple="multiple"><br>
        <input type="submit">
    </form>

</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>demo</title>
    <link rel="icon" href="icon.gif" type="image/gif" sizes="16x16">
    <base href="http://localhost" target="_blank">
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>

script:

defer 頁面已完成載入後再執行腳本

async 一旦腳本可用，則非同步執行

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>demo</title>
    <script async="async" type="text/javascript" src="async.js"></script>
    <script defer="defer" type="text/javascript" src="defer.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>

ol有序列表倒序

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Ol</title>
</head>
<body>
<ol start="2" reversed="reversed">
    <li>Html</li>
    <li>Html5</li>
    <li>Css</li>
    <li>Css3</li>
    <li>JavaScript</li>
</ol>
</body>
</html>

html頁面佈局demo:

demo.html
----------------------------------------
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>html5</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css">
</head>
<body>

    <header>
        <div class="container">
            <a href="index.html"><img src="images/logo.png"></a>
            <nav>
                <a class="active" href="index.html">Home</a>
                <a href="#">Course</a>
                <a href="#">Actual</a>
                <a href="#">Plan</a>
                <a href="#">FAQ</a>
                <a href="#">Notes</a>
            </nav>
        </div>
    </header>
    <section class="banner">
        <ul>
            <li class="active"><img src="images/banner/banner1.jpg"></li>
            <li class="left"><img src="images/banner/banner3.jpg"></li>
            <li class="right"><img src="images/banner/banner2.jpg"></li>
        </ul>
    </section>
    <section class="main">
        <aside>
            <h1>Recent <samp>Course</samp></h1>
            <dl>
                <dt>Hyper Text Markup Language</dt>
                <dd><img src="images/Course/05_05.png"></dd>
                <dd>HTML is the standard markup language used to create web pages and its elements form the building blocks of all websites.</dd>
            </dl>
            <dl>
                <dt>Cascading Style Sheets</dt>
                <dd><img src="images/Course/06_04.png"></dd>
                <dd>Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a simple mechanism for adding style (e.g., fonts, colors, spacing) to Web documents.</dd>
            </dl>
            <dl>
                <dt>JavaScript</dt>
                <dd><img src="images/Course/09_07.png"></dd>
                <dd>JavaScript is a high-level, dynamic, untyped, and interpreted programming language.</dd>
            </dl>
            <dl>
                <dt>AngularJS</dt>
                <dd><img src="images/Course/02_09.png"></dd>
                <dd>AngularJS is an open-source web application framework mainly maintained by Google and by a community of individuals and...</dd>
            </dl>
        </aside>
        <article>
            <h1>Welcome to <samp>Massive Open Online Course!</samp></h1>
            <p>We provide the latest knowledge to help you cope with the changing world!</p>
            <img src="images/article.jpg">
            <p>We hope that all the students who love the Internet can be more convenient access to learning resources, using the Internet thinking to change our learning.</p>
            <p>Focus on IT skills education MOOC, consistent with the development trend of the Internet down to earth's MOOC. We are free, we only teach useful, we concentrate on education.</p>
        </article>
    </section>
    <footer>
        <div class="container">
            <p>Copyright © 2019 test.com All Rights Reserved.</p>
            <span>
                <img src="images/icon/weichat.png">
                <img src="images/icon/sina.png">
                <img src="images/icon/qq.png">
            </span>
        </div>
    </footer>
</body>
</html>

style.css
------------------------------------------

/* All tag */
* { font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: none; }
a { text-decoration: none; }
ul { list-style: none; }

/* header */
header { position: relative; height: 80px; background: #000; }
header:after { position: absolute; bottom: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 7px; content: ''; background: #d6d6d6; }
header > .container { position: relative; z-index: 1; width: 1200px; margin: 0 auto; }
header > .container > a { display: block; float: left; margin: 5px 25px; }
header > .container > nav { float: right; }

/* nav */
nav > a { font-size: 24px; line-height: 73px; display: block; float: left; width: 110px; height: 73px; text-align: center; color: #fff; }
nav > a:nth-child(1) { background: #433b90; }
nav > a:nth-child(2) { background: #017fcb; }
nav > a:nth-child(3) { background: #78b917; }
nav > a:nth-child(4) { background: #feb800; }
nav > a:nth-child(5) { background: #f27c01; }
nav > a:nth-child(6) { background: #d40112; }
nav > a:hover,
nav > a.active { padding-bottom: 7px; }

/* banner */
.banner { position: relative; background: #eaeaea; }
.banner:after { position: absolute; bottom: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 6px; content: ''; background: #d6d6d6; }
.banner > ul { position: relative; width: 1490px; height: 538px; margin: 0 auto; padding-top: 10px; }
.banner > ul > li { position: absolute; width: 610px; height: 300px; overflow: hidden; }
.banner > ul > li.active { z-index: 2; top: 37px; right: 0; left: 0; width: 960px; height: 460px; margin: auto; border: 1px solid #fff; box-shadow: 0 30px 140px 22px rgba(0, 0, 0, .35); }
.banner > ul > li.left { z-index: 1; top: 0; bottom: 0; left: 0; margin: auto; box-shadow: 0 3px 7px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, .35); }
.banner > ul > li.right { z-index: 1; top: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; margin: auto; box-shadow: 0 3px 7px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, .35); }
.banner > ul > li > img { position: absolute; left: -30%; height: 100%; }

/* main */
.main { position: relative; width: 1200px; height: 473px; margin: 34px auto 0; }
.main h1 { font-size: 30px; font-weight: lighter; margin-bottom: 23px; }
.main h1 > samp { font-size: 30px; color: #7c7c7c; }
.main > aside { float: left; width: 450px; }
.main > aside > dl { position: relative; display: block; height: 74px; margin-bottom: 17px; }
.main > aside > dl > dt { position: absolute; top: -1px; left: 92px; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16px; text-decoration: underline; }
.main > aside > dl > dd:first-of-type { position: absolute; left: 0; }
.main > aside > dl > dd:last-of-type { position: absolute; top: 20px; left: 90px; }
.main > article { float: right; width: 720px; overflow: hidden; }
.main > article > p,
.main > article > img { margin-bottom: 20px; }

/* footer */
footer { position: relative; background: #000; }
footer:before { position: absolute; z-index: -1; top: -6px; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 6px; content: ''; background: #d6d6d6; }
footer > .container { width: 1200px; height: 64px; margin: 0 auto; }
footer > .container > p { line-height: 64px; float: left; color: #fff; }
footer > .container > span { float: right; margin: 14px 40px; }
footer > .container > span > img { margin-left: 4px; opacity: .7; }
footer > .container > span > img:hover { opacity: 1; cursor: pointer; }

html頁面佈局demo2:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>html</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="demo.css">
</head>
<body>
    <table id="outer-table">
        <!-- 頂部 -->
        <thead>
            <tr>
                <td><img src="img/logo.png" alt="logo"></td>
            </tr>
        </thead>