一、整型（int型、整數）

整型 等價於C中的有符號長整型（long）

與系統的最大整型一致（如32位機器上的整型是32位，64位機器上的整型是64位），

可以表示的整數範圍在[-sys.maxint-1, sys.maxint]之間。整型字面值的表示方法有3種：

十進位（常用）、八進位（以數字“0”開頭）和十六進位（以“0x”或“0X”開頭）。

整型的標準庫操作有如下

class int(object):
    """
    int(x，底=10)->整數將一個數字或字元串轉換成整數，
    如果沒有給出參數，則轉換為orreturn0if。如果x是一個數字，
    則返回x. int_()。對於浮點數，它會向零截斷如果x不是一個數字，
    或者給定了基數，那麼x必須是一個字元串、位元組或hutearray實例，
    表示給定基數中的整數字面值。文字的前面可以加“或”。然後被空白包圍。
    基數預設為10。有效的基數是0和2-36。Base 0表示將字元串的Base解釋為整數文字。
    int (“0 b100' = 0)基地

    """

    def bit_length(self):  # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__

        """ 返回表示該數字的時占用的最少位數

        >>> bin(37)#bin()是返回二進位後面有
        '0b100101'
        >>> (37).bit_length()
        6
        """
        pass

    def conjugate(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
        """ 返回該複數的共軛複數"""
        """
            a=123-12j           #複數沒有實部時要補0.0
            返回該複數的共軛複數
            b=a.conjugate()
            print(b)
            #返回覆數的實數部分
            a.real 
            #返回覆數的虛數部分
            a.imag
        
        """
        pass

    @classmethod  # known case
    def from_bytes(cls, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
        """
        功能：res = int.from_bytes(x)的含義是把bytes類型的變數x，
              轉化為十進位整數，並存入res中。
              其中bytes類型是python3特有的類型。

        函數參數：int.from_bytes(bytes, byteorder, *, signed=False)。
                在IDLE或者命令行界面中使用help(int.from_bytes)命令可以查看具體介紹。
                bytes是輸入的變數；byteorder主要有兩種：
                'big'和'little'；signed=True表示需要考慮符號位
        舉例說明：int_s  = int.from_bytes(s, byteorder='little', signed=True)，
                 其中s='\xf1\xff'，則輸出int_s=-15。分析一下過程，
                 '\x'表示十六進位數，先把'f1'寫成二進位數：1111 0001，
                 'ff'同上：1111 1111.由於s的高低位標誌是'little'，
                 即'f1'是低位，'ff'是高位，所以正確的順序應該是'fff1'，
                 即11111111 1111 0001.又因為要考慮符號位，第一位是1，所以s是負數，
                 要進行取反加一才是正確的十進位數（第一位符號位的1不變），
                 可以得到10000000 00001111，寫成十進位，就是-15，也就是int_s的結果。
                 上面的例子中，如果signed=False，則無符號位；若byteorder='big'，
                 則輸入s的左邊是高位，右邊是低位。
            >>> s1 = b'\xf1\xff'
            >>> print(int.from_bytes(s1, byteorder='little', signed=True))
                -15
            >>> print(int.from_bytes(s1, byteorder='big', signed=False))
                61951
            >>> s2 = b'\xff\xf1'
            >>> print(int.from_bytes(s2, byteorder='little', signed=False))
                61951
        """
        pass

    def to_bytes(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
        """
        參照上面from_bytes(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        這是上面的逆運算
        """
        pass

    def __abs__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
        """返回絕對值"""
        """ x.__abs__() <==> abs(x) """
        """ abs(self) """
        """
        a=-100
        b=abs(a)
        c=a.__abs__()
        print(b)
        print(c)
        """
        pass

    def __add__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
        """ 加法，也可區分數字和字元串"""

        """ x.__add__(y) <==> x+y """
        """
        a=10
        b=20
        c=a.__add__(b)
        d=a+b
        print(c)
        print(d)
        """
        pass

    def __and__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
        """ Return self&value. """
        """ x.__and__(y) <==> x&y """
        """
            &	按位與運算符：參與運算的兩個值,
                如果兩個相應位都為1,則該位的結果為1,
                否則為0(其他情況都為0)
        """
        """
         a=1
         b=1
         c=a.__and__(b)
         d=a&b
         print(c)
         print(d)
        """
        pass

    def __bool__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
        """ self != 0 """
        """等於0返回False 其他返回True  """
        """
        False
        True
        True
        """
        pass

    def __ceil__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
        """ Ceiling of an Integral returns itself. """
        pass

    def __divmod__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
        """ Return divmod(self, value). """
        """  返回一個元組，第一個元素為商，第二個元素為餘數"""
        """
        a=14
        b=3
        c=(a).__divmod__(b)
        print(c)
        """
        pass

    def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
        """ Return self==value. """
        """ 判斷兩個值是否相等"""
        """
        a=14
        b=3
        c=(a).__eq__(b)
        d=(a).__eq__(14)
        print(c)
        print(d)
        """
        pass

    def __float__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
        """ float(self) """
        """轉換成floa型，將一個整數轉換成浮點型"""
        """ x.__float__() <==> float(x) """
        """
        a=100
        b=(a).__float__()
        print(b)
        """
        pass

    def __floordiv__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
        """ Return self//value. """
        """整除，保留結果的整數部分"""
        """a//b"""
        """
        a=100
        b=a.__floordiv__(27)
        c=a//27
        print(b)
        print(c)
        """
        pass

    def __floor__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
        """ Flooring an Integral returns itself. """
        """返回本身"""
        """
        a=100
        b=a.__floor__()
        print(b)
        """
        pass

    def __format__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
        """轉換對象的類型"""
        """
        a=100
        b=a.__format__('f')
        c=a.__format__("0x")
        d=a.__format__("b")
        print(b)
        print(c)
        print(d)
        """
        pass

    def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
        """ Return getattr(self, name). """
        """"""
        pass

    def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown

        pass

    def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
        """ Return self>=value. """
        pass

    def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
        """ Return self>value. """
        pass

    def __hash__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
        """ Return hash(self). """
        pass

    def __index__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
        """ Return self converted to an integer, if self is suitable for use as an index into a list. """
        pass

    def __init__(self, x, base=10):  # known special case of int.__init__
        """
        int([x]) -> integer
        int(x, base=10) -> integer

        Convert a number or string to an integer, or return 0 if no arguments
        are given.  If x is a number, return x.__int__().  For floating point
        numbers, this truncates towards zero.

        If x is not a number or if base is given, then x must be a string,
        bytes, or bytearray instance representing an integer literal in the
        given base.  The literal can be preceded by '+' or '-' and be surrounded
        by whitespace.  The base defaults to 10.  Valid bases are 0 and 2-36.
        Base 0 means to interpret the base from the string as an integer literal.
        >>> int('0b100', base=0)
        4
        # (copied from class doc)
        """
        pass

    def __int__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
        """ int(self) """
        pass

    def __invert__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
        """ ~self """
        pass

    def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
        """ Return self<=value. """
        pass

    def __lshift__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
        """ Return self<<value. """
        pass

    def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
        """ Return self<value. """
        pass

    def __mod__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
        """ Return self%value. """
        pass

    def __mul__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
        """ Return self*value. """
        pass

    def __neg__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
        """ -self """
        pass

    @staticmethod  # known case of __new__
    def __new__(*args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
        """ Create and return a new object.  See help(type) for accurate signature. """
        pass

    def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
        """ Return self!=value. """
        pass

    def __or__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
        """ Return self|value. """
        pass

    def __pos__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
        """ +self """
        pass

    def __pow__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
        """ Return pow(self, value, mod). """
        pass

    def __radd__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
        """ Return value+self. """
        pass

    def __rand__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
        """ Return value&self. """
        pass

    def __rdivmod__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
        """ Return divmod(value, self). """
        pass

    def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
        """ Return repr(self). """
        pass

    def __rfloordiv__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
        """ Return value//self. """
        pass

    def __rlshift__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
        """ Return value<<self. """
        pass

    def __rmod__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
        """ Return value%self. """
        pass

    def __rmul__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
        """ Return value*self. """
        pass

    def __ror__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
        """ Return value|self. """
        pass

    def __round__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
        """
        Rounding an Integral returns itself.
        Rounding with an ndigits argument also returns an integer.
        """
        pass

    def __rpow__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
        """ Return pow(value, self, mod). """
        pass

    def __rrshift__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
        """ Return value>>self. """
        pass

    def __rshift__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
        """ Return self>>value. """
        pass

    def __rsub__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
        """ Return value-self. """
        pass

    def __rtruediv__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
        """ Return value/self. """
        pass

    def __rxor__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
        """ Return value^self. """
        pass

    def __sizeof__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
        """ Returns size in memory, in bytes. """
        pass

    def __str__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
        """ Return str(self). """
        pass

    def __sub__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
        """ Return self-value. """
        pass

    def __truediv__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
        """ Return self/value. """
        pass

    def __trunc__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
        """ Truncating an Integral returns itself. """
        pass

    def __xor__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # real signature unknown
        """ Return self^value. """
        pass

    denominator = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None)  # default
    """the denominator of a rational number in lowest terms"""

    imag = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None)  # default
    """the imaginary part of a complex number"""

    numerator = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None)  # default
    """the numerator of a rational number in lowest terms"""

    real = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None)  # default
    """the real part of a complex number"""