Centos 7.6 安裝selenium+firefox+google chrome（支持xshell運行）

1. 查看Linux 版本

[root@penguin selenium]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)

2. 安裝selemium

2.1 通過pip 安裝selenium，先安裝pip：

[root@penguin selenium]#yum -y install epel-release

[root@penguin selenium]#yum -y install python-pip

2.2 如果提示pip更新則執行如下命令：

[root@penguin selenium]#pip install --upgrade pip

2.3 pip安裝selenium

[root@penguin src]# pip install selenium

2.4 卸載Centos自帶的Mozilla firefox

 mv /etc/firefox/ /etc/firefox.bak
 mv /usr/lib64/firefox/ /usr/lib64/firefox.bak
 mv /usr/bin/firefox /usr/bin/firefox.old

2.5 下載、解壓firefox

[root@penguin src]# ls -l /usr/local/src/firefox-66.0.3.tar.bz2 
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 62089056 Apr 30 16:47 /usr/local/src/firefox-66.0.3.tar.bz2

[root@penguin src]#tar xjvf firefox-66.0.3.tar.bz2 

2.6 創建虛擬顯示

yum install Xvfb libXfont xorg-x11-fonts*
pip3 install  pyvirtualdisplay

2.7 新建符號鏈接，測試firefox用xshell啟動

[root@penguin src]#cd firefox/

[root@penguin src]#ln -s /usr/lib64/firefox/firefox /usr/bin/firefox

[root@penguin selenium]# firefox -version
Mozilla Firefox 66.0.3

[root@penguin src]#firefox 此處無報錯firefox正常啟動，如果有錯誤請在/etc/hosts保證有如下一行：
127.0.0.1   localhost

2.8 安裝google chrome, 解決root無法運行chrome

yum install https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_x86_64.rpm

[root@penguin selenium]# google-chrome -version
Google Chrome 74.0.3729.108

解決root無法運行chrome

vi /usr/bin/google-chrome

在文件尾部添加：

if [[ -n "$CHROME_USER_DATA_DIR" ]]; then
  # Note: exec -a below is a bashism.
  exec -a "$0" "$HERE/chrome"  \
    --user-data-dir="$CHROME_USER_DATA_DIR" "$@"
else
  exec -a "$0" "$HERE/chrome"  --user-data-dir="/root/.config/google-chrome/"  \
    "$@" --no-sandbox
fi

2.9 下載、配置firefox對應的webdriver--geckodriver

cd /usr/local/src/
tar xzvf geckodriver-v0.24.0-linux64.tar.gz
cp /usr/local/bin/geckodriver /usr/bin/geckodriver

2.10 下載配置google chrome對應的webdriver--chromedriver_linux64

下載chromedriver_linux64.zip

解壓，配置如下：

cp /usr/local/src/chromedriver_linux64/chromedriver /usr/bin/

root@penguin selenium]# chromedriver -version
ChromeDriver 74.0.3729.6 (255758eccf3d244491b8a1317aa76e1ce10d57e9-refs/branch-heads/3729@{#29})

3. 測試

3.1 編寫代碼測試firefox

#!/usr/bin/env python3

from selenium import webdriver


driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get('http://www.163.com')
print(driver.title)
#driver.quit()

3.2 編寫代碼測試google chrome

#!/usr/bin/env python3

from selenium import webdriver


driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com')
print(driver.title)

driver.quit()

4. 異常問題解決

firefox：

File "/root/.pyenv/versions/3.6.4/lib/python3.6/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/firefox/webdriver.py", line 174, in __init__
    keep_alive=True)
  File "/root/.pyenv/versions/3.6.4/lib/python3.6/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 157, in __init__
    self.start_session(capabilities, browser_profile)
  File "/root/.pyenv/versions/3.6.4/lib/python3.6/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 252, in start_session
    response = self.execute(Command.NEW_SESSION, parameters)
  File "/root/.pyenv/versions/3.6.4/lib/python3.6/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 321, in execute
    self.error_handler.check_response(response)
  File "/root/.pyenv/versions/3.6.4/lib/python3.6/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/errorhandler.py", line 242, in check_response
    raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.SessionNotCreatedException: Message: Unable to find a matching set of capabilities

　　webdriver與firefox版本不匹配，可以查找對應的webdriver版本解決

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "./test.py", line 8, in <module>
    driver = webdriver.Firefox()  
  File "/root/.pyenv/versions/3.6.4/lib/python3.6/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/firefox/webdriver.py", line 164, in __init__
    self.service.start()
  File "/root/.pyenv/versions/3.6.4/lib/python3.6/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/common/service.py", line 104, in start
    raise WebDriverException("Can not connect to the Service %s" % self.path)
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: Can not connect to the Service geckodriver

　　卸載系統自帶的firefox，重新安裝並設置為root可以啟動，同時參考步驟2.7/etc/hosts的設置

chrome：

主要問題由root不能啟動google-chrome導致，配置no-sandbox選項即可，具體參考步驟2.8