ArrayList ArrayList 是通過一個數組來實現的,因此它是在連續的存儲位置存放對象的引用,只不過它比 Array 更智能,能夠根據集合長度進行自動擴容。 假設讓我們來實現一個簡單的能夠自動擴容的數組,我們最容易想到的點就是: 實際上,ArrayList的內部實現原理也是這樣子,我們可以 ...
ArrayList
ArrayList 是通過一個數組來實現的,因此它是在連續的存儲位置存放對象的引用,只不過它比 Array 更智能,能夠根據集合長度進行自動擴容。
假設讓我們來實現一個簡單的能夠自動擴容的數組,我們最容易想到的點就是:
- add()的時候需要判斷當前數組size+1是否等於此時定義的數組大小;
- 若小於直接添加即可;否則,需要先擴容再進行添加。
實際上,ArrayList的內部實現原理也是這樣子,我們可以來研究分析一下ArrayList的源碼
add(E e)
源碼分析
1 /** 2 * Appends the specified element to the end of this list. 3 * 4 * @param e element to be appended to this list 5 * @return <tt>true</tt> (as specified by {@link Collection#add}) 6 */ 7 public boolean add(E e) { 8 ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1); // 進行擴容校驗 9 elementData[size++] = e; // 將值添加到數組後面,並將 size+1 10 return true; 11 } 12 13 14 15 /** 16 * The array buffer into which the elements of the ArrayList are stored. 17 * The capacity of the ArrayList is the length of this array buffer. Any 18 * empty ArrayList with elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA 19 * will be expanded to DEFAULT_CAPACITY when the first element is added. 20 */ 21 transient Object[] elementData; // non-private to simplify nested class access 22 23 private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minCapacity) { 24 ensureExplicitCapacity(calculateCapacity(elementData, minCapacity)); // elementData 數組 25 } 26 27 28 29 /** 30 * Default initial capacity. 31 */ 32 private static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 10; 33 34 /** 35 * Shared empty array instance used for default sized empty instances. We 36 * distinguish this from EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA to know how much to inflate when 37 * first element is added. 38 */ 39 private static final Object[] DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {}; 40 41 // 返回最大的 index 42 private static int calculateCapacity(Object[] elementData, int minCapacity) { 43 if (elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA) { // 與空數組實例對比 44 return Math.max(DEFAULT_CAPACITY, minCapacity); 45 } 46 return minCapacity; 47 } 48 49 50 51 private void ensureExplicitCapacity(int minCapacity) { 52 modCount++; 53 54 // overflow-conscious code 55 if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0) 56 grow(minCapacity); 57 }
擴容調用方法,實際也就是數組複製的過程
1 /** 2 * Increases the capacity to ensure that it can hold at least the 3 * number of elements specified by the minimum capacity argument. 4 * 5 * @param minCapacity the desired minimum capacity 6 */ 7 private void grow(int minCapacity) { 8 // overflow-conscious code 9 int oldCapacity = elementData.length; 10 int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1); 11 if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0) 12 newCapacity = minCapacity; 13 if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0) 14 newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity); 15 // minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win: 16 elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity); 17 }
add(int index, E element)
源碼分析
1 /** 2 * Inserts the specified element at the specified position in this 3 * list. Shifts the element currently at that position (if any) and 4 * any subsequent elements to the right (adds one to their indices). 5 * 6 * @param index index at which the specified element is to be inserted 7 * @param element element to be inserted 8 * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc} 9 */ 10 public void add(int index, E element) { 11 rangeCheckForAdd(index); // 校驗index是否超過當前定義的數組大小範圍,超過則拋出 IndexOutOfBoundsException 12 13 ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1); // Increments modCount!! 14 System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + 1, 15 size - index); // 複製,向後移動 16 elementData[index] = element; 17 size++; 18 } 19 20 21 /** 22 * A version of rangeCheck used by add and addAll. 23 */ 24 private void rangeCheckForAdd(int index) { 25 if (index > size || index < 0) 26 throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index)); 27 }
從上面的源碼分析可知,擴容和隨機插入元素的消耗比較大,因此在實際開發中,應儘量指定ArrayList大小,減少在隨機插入操作。
優缺點
- 封裝了一個動態再分配的對象數組
- 使用索引進行隨機訪問效率高
- 在數組中增刪一個元素,所有元素都要往後往前移動,效率低下
知識腦圖
在 github 上建了一個 repository ,Java Core Knowledge Tree,各位看官若是喜歡請給個star,以示鼓勵,謝謝。
https://github.com/suifeng412/JCKTree
(以上是自己的一些見解,若有不足或者錯誤的地方請各位指出)
作者:那一葉隨風 http://www.cnblogs.com/phpstudy2015-6/
原文地址: https://www.cnblogs.com/phpstudy2015-6/p/10618707.html
聲明:本博客文章為原創,只代表本人在工作學習中某一時間內總結的觀點或結論。轉載時請在文章頁面明顯位置給出原文鏈接