1. B站博人傳評論數據爬取簡介 今天想了半天不知道抓啥,去B站看跳舞的小姐姐,忽然看到了評論,那就抓取一下B站的評論數據,視頻動畫那麼多,也不知道抓取哪個,選了一個博人傳跟火影相關的,抓取看看。網址: 在這個網頁看到了18560條短評,數據量也不大,抓取看看,使用的還是scrapy。 2. B站博 ...
1. B站博人傳評論數據爬取簡介
今天想了半天不知道抓啥,去B站看跳舞的小姐姐,忽然看到了評論,那就抓取一下B站的評論數據,視頻動畫那麼多,也不知道抓取哪個,選了一個博人傳跟火影相關的,抓取看看。網址: https://www.bilibili.com/bangumi/media/md5978/?from=search&seid=16013388136765436883#short
在這個網頁看到了18560條短評,數據量也不大,抓取看看,使用的還是scrapy。
2. B站博人傳評論數據案例---獲取鏈接
從開發者工具中你能輕易的得到如下鏈接,有鏈接之後就好辦了,如何創建項目就不在啰嗦了,我們直接進入主題。
我在代碼中的parse
函數中,設定了兩個yield
一個用來返回items
一個用來返回requests
。
然後實現一個新的功能,每次訪問切換UA
,這個點我們需要使用到中間件技術。
class BorenSpider(scrapy.Spider):
BASE_URL = "https://bangumi.bilibili.com/review/web_api/short/list?media_id=5978&folded=0&page_size=20&sort=0&cursor={}"
name = 'Boren'
allowed_domains = ['bangumi.bilibili.com']
start_urls = [BASE_URL.format("76742479839522")]
def parse(self, response):
print(response.url)
resdata = json.loads(response.body_as_unicode())
if resdata["code"] == 0:
# 獲取最後一個數據
if len(resdata["result"]["list"]) > 0:
data = resdata["result"]["list"]
cursor = data[-1]["cursor"]
for one in data:
item = BorenzhuanItem()
item["author"] = one["author"]["uname"]
item["content"] = one["content"]
item["ctime"] = one["ctime"]
item["disliked"] = one["disliked"]
item["liked"] = one["liked"]
item["likes"] = one["likes"]
item["user_season"] = one["user_season"]["last_ep_index"] if "user_season" in one else ""
item["score"] = one["user_rating"]["score"]
yield item
yield scrapy.Request(self.BASE_URL.format(cursor),callback=self.parse)
3. B站博人傳評論數據案例---實現隨機UA
第一步, 在settings文件中添加一些UserAgent,我從互聯網找了一些
USER_AGENT_LIST=[
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1207.1 Safari/537.1",
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; CrOS i686 2268.111.0) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.57 Safari/536.11",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1092.0 Safari/536.6",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1090.0 Safari/536.6",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.77.34.5 Safari/537.1",
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.9 Safari/536.5",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.0) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.36 Safari/536.5",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0)",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; 360SE)",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.0 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24"
]
第二步,在settings文件中設置 “DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES”
# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#'borenzhuan.middlewares.BorenzhuanDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
'borenzhuan.middlewares.RandomUserAgentMiddleware': 400,
}
第三步,在 middlewares.py
文件中導入 settings模塊中的 USER_AGENT_LIST 方法
from borenzhuan.settings import USER_AGENT_LIST # 導入中間件
import random
class RandomUserAgentMiddleware(object):
def process_request(self, request, spider):
rand_use = random.choice(USER_AGENT_LIST)
if rand_use:
request.headers.setdefault('User-Agent', rand_use)
好了,隨機的UA已經實現,你可以在parse
函數中編寫如下代碼進行測試
print(response.request.headers)
4. B站博人傳評論數據----完善item
這個操作相對簡單,這些數據就是我們要保存的數據了。!
author = scrapy.Field()
content = scrapy.Field()
ctime = scrapy.Field()
disliked = scrapy.Field()
liked = scrapy.Field()
likes = scrapy.Field()
score = scrapy.Field()
user_season = scrapy.Field()
5. B站博人傳評論數據案例---提高爬取速度
在settings.py中設置如下參數:
# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32
# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 1
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16
# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
COOKIES_ENABLED = False
解釋說明
一、降低下載延遲
DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 0
將下載延遲設為0,這時需要相應的防ban措施,一般使用user agent輪轉,構建user agent池,輪流選擇其中之一來作為user agent。
二、多線程
CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32
CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16
scrapy網路請求是基於Twisted,而Twisted預設支持多線程,而且scrapy預設也是通過多線程請求的,並且支持多核CPU的併發,我們通過一些設置提高scrapy的併發數可以提高爬取速度。
三、禁用cookies
COOKIES_ENABLED = False
6. B站博人傳評論數據案例---保存數據
最後在pipelines.py
文件中,編寫保存代碼即可
import os
import csv
class BorenzhuanPipeline(object):
def __init__(self):
store_file = os.path.dirname(__file__)+'/spiders/bore.csv'
self.file = open(store_file,"a+",newline="",encoding="utf-8")
self.writer = csv.writer(self.file)
def process_item(self, item, spider):
try:
self.writer.writerow((
item["author"],
item["content"],
item["ctime"],
item["disliked"],
item["liked"],
item["likes"],
item["score"],
item["user_season"]
))
except Exception as e:
print(e.args)
def close_spider(self, spider):
self.file.close()
運行代碼之後,發現過了一會報錯了
去看了一眼,原來是數據爬取完畢~!!!