json,jsonb區別 json和jsonb,而兩者唯一的區別在於效率,json是對輸入的完整拷貝,使用時再去解析,所以它會保留輸入的空格,重覆鍵以及順序等。而jsonb是解析輸入後保存的二進位,它在解析時會刪除不必要的空格和重覆的鍵,順序和輸入可能也不相同。使用時不用再次解析。兩者對重覆鍵的處理 ...
json和jsonb,而兩者唯一的區別在於效率,json是對輸入的完整拷貝,使用時再去解析,所以它會保留輸入的空格,重覆鍵以及順序等。而jsonb是解析輸入後保存的二進位,它在解析時會刪除不必要的空格和重覆的鍵,順序和輸入可能也不相同。使用時不用再次解析。兩者對重覆鍵的處理都是保留最後一個鍵值對。效率的差別:json類型存儲快,查詢慢,jsonb類型存儲稍慢,查詢較快(支持許多額外的操作符)。
關於json和jsonb存儲和解析效率連接
這裡主要測試jsonb的增刪改查
json和jsonb共同操作符
操作符 | 返回類型 | 數組[1,2,3] | {"a":1,"b":2,"c":3} | {"a":{"b":{"c":1}},"d":[4,5,6]} |
---|---|---|---|---|
-> | json | select '[1,2,3]'::jsonb ->2 = 3 | select '{"a":1,"b":2,"c":3}'::jsonb-> 'a'=1 | select '{"a":{"b":{"c":1}},"d":[4,5,6]}'::jsonb ->'a'={"b": {"c": 1}} |
->> | text | select '[1,2,3]'::jsonb ->>2 = 3 | select '{"a":1,"b":2,"c":3}'::jsonb->> 'a'=1 | select '{"a":{"b":{"c":1}},"d":[4,5,6]}'::jsonb ->>'a'={"b": {"c": 1}} |
#> | json | -- | -- | select '{"a":{"b":{"c":1}},"d":[4,5,6]}'::jsonb #> '{a,b}' ={"c": 1} |
#>> | text | -- | -- | select '{"a":{"b":{"c":1}},"d":[4,5,6]}'::jsonb #> '{a,b}' ={"c": 1} |
jsonb額外操作符
操作符 | 右操作數類型 | 描述 | 例子 |
---|---|---|---|
@> | jsonb | 左邊的 JSON 值是否包含頂層右邊JSON路徑/值項? | '{"a":1, "b":2}'::jsonb @> '{"b":2}'::jsonb |
<@ | jsonb | 左邊的JSON路徑/值是否包含在頂層右邊JSON值中? | '{"b":2}'::jsonb <@ '{"a":1, "b":2}'::jsonb |
? | text | 字元串是否作為頂層鍵值存在於JSON值中? | '{"a":1, "b":2}'::jsonb ? 'b' |
?| | text[] | 這些數組字元串中的任何一個是否作為頂層鍵值存在? | '{"a":1, "b":2, "c":3}'::jsonb ?|array['b',c'] |
?& | text[] | 這些數組字元串是否作為頂層鍵值存在? | '["a", "b"]'::jsonb ?& array['a', 'b'] |
|| | jsonb | 連接兩個jsonb值到新的jsonb值 | '["a", "b"]'::jsonb|| '["c", "d"]'::jsonb |
- | text | 從左操作數中刪除鍵/值對或字元串元素。基於鍵值匹配鍵/值對。 | '{"a": "b"}'::jsonb - 'a' |
- | integer | 刪除指定索引的數組元素(負整數結尾)。如果頂層容器不是一個數組,那麼拋出錯誤。 | '["a", "b"]'::jsonb - 1 |
#- | text[] | 刪除指定路徑的域或元素(JSON數組,負整數結尾) | '["a", {"b":1}]'::jsonb #- '{1,b}' |
jsonb增刪改
--1.1建表
abase=> create table test_jsonb(c_bh char(32),j_jsonb jsonb);
CREATE TABLE
--插入數據
insert into test_jsonb(c_bh,j_jsonb) values(replace(uuid_generate_v4()::text,'-',''),'{"c_xm":"張三","c_mx":{"c_ssdw":"一大隊","c_dwbm":"11"}}');
INSERT 0 1
--查看數據
abase=# select * from test_jsonb where j_jsonb @> '{"c_xm":"張三","c_mx":{"c_ssdw":"一大隊","c_dwbm":"11"}}';
c_bh | j_jsonb
----------------------------------+--------------------------------------------
c217c624152943ab93f502117514f432 | {"c_mx": {"c_dwbm": "11", "c_ssdw": "一大隊"}, "c_xm": "張三"}
(1 row)
--1.2操作符||可用於添加元素,添加元素'{"c_id":"111"}'
abase=# update test_jsonb set j_jsonb = j_jsonb ||'{"c_id":"111"}'::jsonb where c_bh = 'c217c624152943ab93f502117514f432';
UPDATE 1
abase=# select j_jsonb from test_jsonb where c_bh = 'c217c624152943ab93f502117514f432';
j_jsonb
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
{"c_id": "111", "c_mx": {"c_dwbm": "11", "c_ssdw": "一大隊"}, "c_xm": "張三"}
(1 row)
--1.3更新元素(方法1),如果jsonb中有相同的元素則覆蓋,使用'||'將'{"c_id":"111"}'更新為112
abase=# update test_jsonb set j_jsonb = j_jsonb ||'{"c_id":"112"}'::jsonb where c_bh = 'c217c624152943ab93f502117514f432';
UPDATE 1
abase=# select j_jsonb from test_jsonb where c_bh = 'c217c624152943ab93f502117514f432';
j_jsonb
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
{"c_id": "112", "c_mx": {"c_dwbm": "11", "c_ssdw": "一大隊"}, "c_xm": "張三"}
(1 row)
--更新元素(方法2),使用jsonb_set,將"c_id": "112"更新為123
abase=# update test_jsonb set j_jsonb= jsonb_set(j_jsonb,'{c_id}','"123"'::jsonb,false) where c_bh = 'c217c624152943ab93f502117514f432';
UPDATE 1
abase=# select j_jsonb from test_jsonb where c_bh = 'c217c624152943ab93f502117514f432';
j_jsonb
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
{"c_id": "123", "c_mx": {"c_dwbm": "11", "c_ssdw": "一大隊"}, "c_xm": "張三"}
(1 row)
--1.4更新嵌套元素,使用jsonb_set(pg9.5以上才支持),更新c_ssdw為二大隊
abase=# update test_jsonb set j_jsonb= jsonb_set(j_jsonb,'{c_mx,c_ssdw}','"二大隊"'::jsonb,false) where c_bh = 'c217c624152943ab93f502117514f432';
UPDATE 1
abase=# select j_jsonb from test_jsonb where c_bh = 'c217c624152943ab93f502117514f432';
j_jsonb
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
{"c_id": "123", "c_mx": {"c_dwbm": "11", "c_ssdw": "二大隊"}, "c_xm": "張三"}
(1 row)
--1.5刪除元素,刪除c_id元素
abase=# update test_jsonb set j_jsonb = j_jsonb-'c_id' where c_bh = 'c217c624152943ab93f502117514f432' ;
UPDATE 1
abase=# select j_jsonb from test_jsonb where c_bh = 'c217c624152943ab93f502117514f432';
j_jsonb
----------------------------------------------------------------
{"c_mx": {"c_dwbm": "11", "c_ssdw": "二大隊"}, "c_xm": "張三"}
(1 row)
jsonb查詢
--1.隨機文本腳本
abase=> create or replace function random_string(INTEGER)
abase-> RETURNS TEXT AS
abase-> $BODY$
abase$> select array_to_string(
abase$> array(
abase$> select substring(
abase$> 'pg社區的作風非常嚴謹,一個補丁可能在郵件組中討論幾個月甚至幾年,根據大家的意見反覆的修正,補丁合併到主幹已經非常成熟,所以pg的穩定性也是遠近聞名的'
abase$> from (ceil(random()*73))::int FOR 2
abase$> )
abase$> from generate_series(1,$1)
abase$> ),''
abase$> ) $BODY$
abase-> LANGUAGE sql VOLATILE;
CREATE FUNCTION
--2.初始化數據:
abase=> insert into test_jsonb select replace(uuid_generate_v4()::text,'-',''),('{"a":'||random()*100||', "kxhbsl":"'|| random_string(10) ||'"}')::jsonb from generate_series(1,2000000);
INSERT 0 2000000
abase=> insert into test_jsonb select replace(uuid_generate_v4()::text,'-',''),('{"a":'||random()*100||', "kxhbsl":"索尼是大法官"}')::jsonb from generate_series(1,10000);
INSERT 0 10000
--3.第一種查詢:獲取包含'{"kxhbsl": "索尼是大法官"}',全表掃描
abase=# explain analyze select j_jsonb->>'kxhbsl',j_jsonb from test_jsonb where j_jsonb @> '{"kxhbsl": "索尼是大法官"}';
QUERY PLAN
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gather (cost=1000.00..53379.78 rows=2010 width=134) (actual time=470.729..490.979 rows=10000 loops=1)
Workers Planned: 2
Workers Launched: 2
-> Parallel Seq Scan on test_jsonb (cost=0.00..52175.85 rows=838 width=134) (actual time=465.234..480.57
3 rows=3333 loops=3)
Filter: (j_jsonb @> '{"kxhbsl": "索尼是大法官"}'::jsonb)
Rows Removed by Filter: 666667
Planning time: 0.318 ms
Execution time: 506.204 ms
(8 rows)
--j_jsonb欄位創建gin索引後,可走索引
abase=# create index i_t_test_jsonb_j_jsonb on test_jsonb using gin(j_jsonb);
CREATE INDEX
abase=# explain analyze select j_jsonb->>'kxhbsl',* from test_jsonb where j_jsonb @> '{"kxhbsl": "索尼是大法官"}';
QUERY PLAN
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bitmap Heap Scan on test_jsonb (cost=59.58..6664.09 rows=2010 width=167) (actual time=3.579..17.065 rows=10
000 loops=1)
Recheck Cond: (j_jsonb @> '{"kxhbsl": "索尼是大法官"}'::jsonb)
Heap Blocks: exact=481
-> Bitmap Index Scan on i_t_test_jsonb_j_jsonb (cost=0.00..59.08 rows=2010 width=0) (actual time=3.480..
3.480 rows=10000 loops=1)
Index Cond: (j_jsonb @> '{"kxhbsl": "索尼是大法官"}'::jsonb)
Planning time: 0.429 ms
Execution time: 17.964 ms
(7 rows)
--4.第二種查詢,獲取包含:'索尼是大法官',全表掃描
abase=# explain analyze select j_jsonb->>'kxhbsl',j_jsonb from test_jsonb where j_jsonb -> 'kxhbsl' ? '索尼是大法官';
QUERY PLAN
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gather (cost=1000.00..55473.53 rows=2010 width=134) (actual time=1724.170..1769.543 rows=10000 loops=1)
Workers Planned: 2
Workers Launched: 0
-> Parallel Seq Scan on test_jsonb (cost=0.00..54269.60 rows=838 width=134) (actual time=1723.752..1767.
187 rows=10000 loops=1)
Filter: ((j_jsonb -> 'kxhbsl'::text) ? '索尼是大法官'::text)
Rows Removed by Filter: 2000000
Planning time: 0.267 ms
Execution time: 1770.422 ms
(8 rows)
--針對jsonb欄位的kxhbsl元素創建gin索引。 可走索引
abase=# create index i_t_test_jsonb_j_jsonb_kxhbsl on test_jsonb using gin((j_jsonb->'kxhbsl'));
CREATE INDEX
abase=# explain analyze select j_jsonb->>'kxhbsl',j_jsonb from test_jsonb where j_jsonb -> 'kxhbsl' ? '索尼是大法官';
QUERY PLAN
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bitmap Heap Scan on test_jsonb (cost=39.58..6649.12 rows=2010 width=134) (actual time=2.166..13.999 rows=10
000 loops=1)
Recheck Cond: ((j_jsonb -> 'kxhbsl'::text) ? '索尼是大法官'::text)
Heap Blocks: exact=481
-> Bitmap Index Scan on i_t_test_jsonb_j_jsonb_kxhbsl (cost=0.00..39.08 rows=2010 width=0) (actual time=
2.045..2.045 rows=10000 loops=1)
Index Cond: ((j_jsonb -> 'kxhbsl'::text) ? '索尼是大法官'::text)
Planning time: 0.221 ms
Execution time: 14.715 ms
(7 rows)
--或者等價寫法:
abase=# explain analyze select j_jsonb->>'kxhbsl',j_jsonb from test_jsonb where j_jsonb -> 'kxhbsl' @>'"索尼是大法官"';
QUERY PLAN
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bitmap Heap Scan on test_jsonb (cost=39.58..6649.12 rows=2010 width=134) (actual time=2.080..14.959 rows=10
000 loops=1)
Recheck Cond: ((j_jsonb -> 'kxhbsl'::text) @> '"索尼是大法官"'::jsonb)
Heap Blocks: exact=481
-> Bitmap Index Scan on i_t_test_jsonb_j_jsonb_kxhbsl (cost=0.00..39.08 rows=2010 width=0) (actual time=
1.980..1.980 rows=10000 loops=1)
Index Cond: ((j_jsonb -> 'kxhbsl'::text) @> '"索尼是大法官"'::jsonb)
Planning time: 0.199 ms
Execution