C#語言各個版本特性(二)

二、排序Product

1.按名稱對產品進行排序，以特定順序顯示一個列表的最簡單方式就是先將列表排序，再遍歷並顯示其中的項。

C#1.1 使用IComparer對ArrayList進行排序

product類

 1 using System.Collections;
 2 using System.ComponentModel;
 3 
 4 namespace Chapter01.CSharp1
 5 {
 6     [Description("Listing 1.01")]
 7     public class Product
 8     {
 9         string name;
10         public string Name
11         {
12             get { return name; }
13         }
14 
15         decimal price;
16         public decimal Price
17         {
18             get { return price; }
19         }
20 
21         public Product(string name, decimal price)
22         {
23             this.name = name;
24             this.price = price;
25         }
26 
27         public static ArrayList GetSampleProducts()
28         {
29             ArrayList list = new ArrayList();
30             list.Add(new Product("West Side Story", 9.99m));
31             list.Add(new Product("Assassins", 14.99m));
32             list.Add(new Product("Frogs", 13.99m));
33             list.Add(new Product("Sweeney Todd", 10.99m));
34             return list;
35         }
36 
37         public override string ToString()
38         {
39             return string.Format("{0}: {1}", name, price);
40         }
41     }
42 }

ArrayListSort類

 1 using System;
 2 using System.Collections;
 3 using System.ComponentModel;
 4 
 5 namespace Chapter01.CSharp1
 6 {
 7     [Description("Listing 1.05")]
 8     class ArrayListSort
 9     {
10         class ProductNameComparer : IComparer
11         {
12             public int Compare(object x, object y)
13             {
14                 Product first = (Product)x;
15                 Product second = (Product)y;
16                 return first.Name.CompareTo(second.Name);
17             }
18         }
19 
20         static void Main()
21         {
22             ArrayList products = Product.GetSampleProducts();
23             products.Sort(new ProductNameComparer());
24             foreach (Product product in products)
25             {
26                 Console.WriteLine(product);
27             }
28         }
29     }
30 }

提供一個IComparer實現，比較器。或者Product類實現IComparable。

區別：IComparer和IComparable(比較器介面和可比較的介面)

缺陷：Compare方法中顯示強制類型轉換，而ArrayList是類型不安全的，轉換為對象Product時可能報錯。foreach迴圈中隱式的編譯器自動類型轉換，轉換為Product類型執行時可能報錯。

2.C#2.0 引入泛型，使用IComparer<Product>對List<Product>進行排序

product類

 1 using System.Collections.Generic;
 2 using System.ComponentModel;
 3 
 4 namespace Chapter01.CSharp2
 5 {
 6     [Description("Listing 1.02")]
 7     public class Product
 8     {
 9         string name;
10         public string Name
11         {
12             get { return name; }
13             private set { name = value; }
14         }
15 
16         decimal price;
17         public decimal Price
18         {
19             get { return price; }
20             private set { price = value; }
21         }
22 
23         public Product(string name, decimal price)
24         {
25             Name = name;
26             Price = price;
27         }
28 
29         public static List<Product> GetSampleProducts()
30         {
31             List<Product> list = new List<Product>();
32             list.Add(new Product("West Side Story", 9.99m));
33             list.Add(new Product("Assassins", 14.99m));
34             list.Add(new Product("Frogs", 13.99m));
35             list.Add(new Product("Sweeney Todd", 10.99m));
36             return list;
37         }
38 
39         public override string ToString()
40         {
41             return string.Format("{0}: {1}", name, price);
42         }
43     }
44 }

ListSortWithComparer類

 1 using System;
 2 using System.Collections.Generic;
 3 using System.ComponentModel;
 4 
 5 namespace Chapter01.CSharp2
 6 {
 7     [Description("Listing 1.06")]
 8     class ListSortWithComparer
 9     {
10         class ProductNameComparer : IComparer<Product>
11         {
12             public int Compare(Product first, Product second)
13             {
14                 return first.Name.CompareTo(second.Name);
15             }
16         }
17 
18         static void Main()
19         {
20             List<Product> products = Product.GetSampleProducts();
21             products.Sort(new ProductNameComparer());
22             foreach (Product product in products)
23             {
24                 Console.WriteLine(product);
25             }
26         }
27     }
28 }

使用Comparison<Product>對List<Product>進行排序(C#2)，不需要實現ProductNameComparer比較器類型，只是創建一個委托實例(C#2.0 匿名方法)。

 1 using System;
 2 using System.Collections.Generic;
 3 using System.ComponentModel;
 4 
 5 namespace Chapter01.CSharp2
 6 {
 7     [Description("Listing 1.07")]
 8     class ListSortWithComparisonDelegate
 9     {
10         static void Main()
11         {
12             List<Product> products = Product.GetSampleProducts();
13             products.Sort(delegate(Product first, Product second)
14                 { return first.Name.CompareTo(second.Name); }
15             );
16             foreach (Product product in products)
17             {
18                 Console.WriteLine(product);
19             }
20         }
21     }
22 }

3.C#3.0 Lambda表達式 在Lambda表達式中使用Comparison<Product>進行排序(C#3)

product類

 1 using System.Collections.Generic;
 2 using System.ComponentModel;
 3 
 4 namespace Chapter01.CSharp3
 5 {
 6     [Description("Listing 1.3")]
 7     class Product
 8     {
 9         public string Name { get; private set; }
10         public decimal Price { get; private set; }
11 
12         public Product(string name, decimal price)
13         {
14             Name = name;
15             Price = price;
16         }
17 
18         Product()
19         {
20         }
21 
22         public static List<Product> GetSampleProducts()
23         {
24             return new List<Product>
25             {
26                 new Product { Name="West Side Story", Price = 9.99m },
27                 new Product { Name="Assassins", Price=14.99m },
28                 new Product { Name="Frogs", Price=13.99m },
29                 new Product { Name="Sweeney Todd", Price=10.99m}
30             };
31         }
32 
33         public override string ToString()
34         {
35             return string.Format("{0}: {1}", Name, Price);
36         }
37     }
38 }

ListSortWithLambdaExpression類

 1 using System;
 2 using System.Collections.Generic;
 3 using System.ComponentModel;
 4 
 5 namespace Chapter01.CSharp3
 6 {
 7     [Description("Listing 1.08")]
 8     class ListSortWithLambdaExpression
 9     {
10         static void Main()
11         {
12             List<Product> products = Product.GetSampleProducts();
13             products.Sort(
14                 (first, second) => first.Name.CompareTo(second.Name)
15             );
16             foreach (Product product in products)
17             {
18                 Console.WriteLine(product);
19             }
20         }
21     }
22 }

ListOrderWithExtensionMethod類 使用擴展方法對List<Product>進行排序

 1 using System;
 2 using System.Collections.Generic;
 3 using System.ComponentModel;
 4 using System.Linq;
 5 
 6 namespace Chapter01.CSharp3
 7 {
 8     [Description("Listing 1.09")]
 9     class ListOrderWithExtensionMethod
10     {
11         static void Main()
12         {
13             List<Product> products = Product.GetSampleProducts();
14 
15             foreach (Product product in products.OrderBy(p => p.Name))
16             {
17                 Console.WriteLine(product);
18             }
19         }
20     }
21 }

總結：

→C#1,弱類型的比較功能不支持委托排序。

→C#2,強類型的比較功能，委托比較，匿名方法。

→C#3Lambda表達式，擴展方法,允許列表保持未排序狀態。