重構指南 - 使用多態代替條件判斷(Replace conditional with Polymorphism)

多態(polymorphism)是面向對象的重要特性,簡單可理解為：一個介面，多種實現。

當你的代碼中存在通過不同的類型執行不同的操作，包含大量if else或者switch語句時，就可以考慮進行重構，將方法封裝到類中，並通過多態進行調用。

代碼重構前：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using LosTechies.DaysOfRefactoring.SampleCode.BreakMethod.After;

namespace LosTechies.DaysOfRefactoring.SampleCode.ReplaceWithPolymorphism.Before
{
    public abstract class Customer
    {
    }

    public class Employee : Customer
    {
    }

    public class NonEmployee : Customer
    {
    }

    public class OrderProcessor
    {
        public decimal ProcessOrder(Customer customer, IEnumerable<Product> products)
        {
            // do some processing of order
            decimal orderTotal = products.Sum(p => p.Price);

            Type customerType = customer.GetType();
            if (customerType == typeof(Employee))
            {
                orderTotal -= orderTotal * 0.15m;
            }
            else if (customerType == typeof(NonEmployee))
            {
                orderTotal -= orderTotal * 0.05m;
            }

            return orderTotal;
        }
    }
}

代碼重構後：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using LosTechies.DaysOfRefactoring.SampleCode.BreakMethod.After;

namespace LosTechies.DaysOfRefactoring.SampleCode.ReplaceWithPolymorphism.After
{
    public abstract class Customer
    {
        public abstract decimal DiscountPercentage { get; }
    }

    public class Employee : Customer
    {
        public override decimal DiscountPercentage
        {
            get { return 0.15m; }
        }
    }

    public class NonEmployee : Customer
    {
        public override decimal DiscountPercentage
        {
            get { return 0.05m; }
        }
    }

    public class OrderProcessor
    {
        public decimal ProcessOrder(Customer customer, IEnumerable<Product> products)
        {
            // do some processing of order
            decimal orderTotal = products.Sum(p => p.Price);

            orderTotal -= orderTotal * customer.DiscountPercentage;

            return orderTotal;
        }
    }
}

重構後的代碼，將變化點封裝在了子類中，代碼的可讀性和可擴展性大大提高。