資料庫是一個可以存放資料庫對象的容器,資料庫對象包括:表、視圖、存儲過程、函數、觸發器、事件。其中,表是資料庫最基本的元素,是其他資料庫對象的前提條件。 表中的一列稱為一個欄位,一行稱為一條記錄。 1.數據表的創建、查看數據表、查看數據表結構 2.數據表的刪除 DROP TABLE table_na ...
資料庫是一個可以存放資料庫對象的容器,資料庫對象包括:表、視圖、存儲過程、函數、觸發器、事件。其中,表是資料庫最基本的元素,是其他資料庫對象的前提條件。
表中的一列稱為一個欄位,一行稱為一條記錄。
1.數據表的創建、查看數據表、查看數據表結構
mysql> CREATE DATABASE test1; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> USE test1; Database changed
mysql> CREATE TABLE table1( -> id SMALLINT UNSIGNED, -> username VARCHAR(20), -> age TINYINT -> ); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.40 sec) mysql> SHOW DATABASES; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | | test1 | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> SELECT DATABASE(); +------------+ | DATABASE() | +------------+ | test1 | +------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> SHOW TABLES; +-----------------+ | Tables_in_test1 | +-----------------+ | table1 | +-----------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> SHOW COLUMNS FROM table1; +----------+----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +----------+----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | id | smallint(5) unsigned | YES | | NULL | | | username | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | | | age | tinyint(4) | YES | | NULL | | +----------+----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> DESCRIBE table1; +----------+----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +----------+----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | id | smallint(5) unsigned | YES | | NULL | | | username | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | | | age | tinyint(4) | YES | | NULL | | +----------+----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2.數據表的刪除 DROP TABLE table_name;
mysql> USE test1; Database changed
mysql> SHOW TABLES; +-----------------+ | Tables_in_test1 | +-----------------+ | table1 | | tb2 | +-----------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> DROP TABLE tb2; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.20 sec) mysql> DESCRIBE tb2; ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'test1.tb2' doesn't exist
3.插入記錄、查看記錄 INSERT table_name [(col_name, ...)] VALUES(...);
mysql> SHOW COLUMNS FROM table1; +----------+----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +----------+----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | id | smallint(5) unsigned | YES | | NULL | | | username | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | | | age | tinyint(4) | YES | | NULL | | +----------+----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> INSERT table1 VALUES(5,'Tom',22); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec) mysql> INSERT table1 (id,username) VALUES(5,'Tom'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.10 sec) mysql> SELECT * FROM table1; +------+----------+------+ | id | username | age | +------+----------+------+ | 5 | Tom | 22 | | 5 | Tom | NULL | +------+----------+------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
4.欄位的空值與非空 NULL,NOT NULL
mysql> CREATE TABLE table2( -> username VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL, -> #NULL可加可不加,不加預設可以為空# -> age TINYINT -> ); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.25 sec) mysql> SHOW COLUMNS FROM table2; +----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | username | varchar(20) | NO | | NULL | | | age | tinyint(4) | YES | | NULL | | +----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> INSERT table2 VALUES(NULL,25); ERROR 1048 (23000): Column 'username' cannot be null
5.主鍵約束與自動編號 PRIMARY KEY,AUTO_INCREMENT
※ 一張數據表只能存在一個主鍵
※ 主鍵能保證記錄的唯一性
※ 主鍵自動為NOT NULL
※ AUTO_INCREMENT只能配合PRIMARY KEY使用,不能單獨使用。PRIMARY KEY可以單獨使用。
mysql> CREATE TABLE table3( -> id SMALLINT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, -> username VARCHAR(20) -> ); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.32 sec) mysql> DESCRIBE table3; +----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | id | smallint(6) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | | username | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | | +----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> INSERT table3 (username) VALUES('XingyaZhao'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec) mysql> INSERT table3 (username) VALUES('XuebiBaby'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec) mysql> INSERT table3 VALUES(4,'David'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.07 sec) mysql> INSERT table3 (username) VALUES('Somebody'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.09 sec) mysql> SELECT * FROM table3; +----+------------+ | id | username | +----+------------+ | 1 | XingyaZhao | | 2 | XuebiBaby | | 4 | David | | 5 | Somebody | +----+------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> CREATE TABLE table4( -> id SMALLINT UNSIGNED PRIMARY KEY, -> username VARCHAR(20) -> ); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.30 sec) mysql> SHOW COLUMNS FROM table4; +----------+----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +----------+----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | id | smallint(5) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | | | username | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | | +----------+----------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> INSERT table4 VALUES(6,'ChuanDao'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.07 sec) mysql> INSERT table4 VALUES(3,'Pigiu'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec) mysql> INSERT table4 VALUES(3,'York'); ERROR 1062 (23000): Duplicate entry '3' for key 'PRIMARY' mysql> SELECT * FROM table4; +----+----------+ | id | username | +----+----------+ | 3 | Pigiu | | 6 | ChuanDao | +----+----------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
6.唯一約束 UNIQUE KEY
※ 唯一約束可以保證某個欄位中每個記錄的唯一性
※ 唯一約束的欄位可以為空值
※ 每張數據表可以存在多個唯一約束
mysql> CREATE TABLE table5( -> id SMALLINT UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, -> username VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL UNIQUE KEY, -> age TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL -> ); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.60 sec) mysql> SHOW COLUMNS FROM table5; +----------+----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +----------+----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | id | smallint(5) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | | username | varchar(20) | NO | UNI | NULL | | | age | tinyint(3) unsigned | NO | | NULL | | +----------+----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ 3 rows in set (0.02 sec) mysql> INSERT table5 (username,age) VALUES('XingyaZhao',22); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec) mysql> INSERT table5 (username,age) VALUES('XuebiBaby',21); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.07 sec) mysql> INSERT table5 (username,age) VALUES('XingyaZhao',18); ERROR 1062 (23000): Duplicate entry 'XingyaZhao' for key 'username' mysql> SELECT * FROM table5; +----+------------+-----+ | id | username | age | +----+------------+-----+ | 1 | XingyaZhao | 22 | | 2 | XuebiBaby | 21 | +----+------------+-----+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
7.預設約束 DEFAULT
mysql> CREATE TABLE table6( -> id SMALLINT UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, -> username VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL UNIQUE KEY, -> age TINYINT UNSIGNED DEFAULT 20 -> ); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.29 sec) mysql> DESCRIBE table6; +----------+----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +----------+----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | id | smallint(5) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | | username | varchar(20) | NO | UNI | NULL | | | age | tinyint(3) unsigned | YES | | 20 | | +----------+----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> INSERT table6 (username) VALUES('Xingya'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.08 sec) mysql> INSERT table6 (username) VALUES('Jude'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec) mysql> INSERT table6 (username,age) VALUES('Tom',21); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.08 sec) mysql> SELECT * FROM table6; +----+----------+------+ | id | username | age | +----+----------+------+ | 1 | Xingya | 20 | | 2 | Jude | 20 | | 3 | Tom | 21 | +----+----------+------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)