1、實現功能 向關註了微信公眾號的微信用戶群發消息。(可以是所有的用戶,也可以是提供了微信openid的微信用戶集合) 2、基本步驟 前提: 已經有認證的公眾號或者測試公眾賬號 發送消息步驟: 相關微信介面的信息可以查看:http://www.cnblogs.com/0201zcr/p/586629 ...
1、實現功能
向關註了微信公眾號的微信用戶群發消息。(可以是所有的用戶,也可以是提供了微信openid的微信用戶集合)
2、基本步驟
前提:
已經有認證的公眾號或者測試公眾賬號
發送消息步驟:
- 發送一個請求微信去獲取access_token
- 發送一個請求去請求微信發送消息
相關微信介面的信息可以查看:http://www.cnblogs.com/0201zcr/p/5866296.html 有測試賬號的申請 + 獲取access_token和發送微信消息的url和相關的參數需求。各個參數的意義等。
3、實踐
這裡通過HttpClient發送請求去微信相關的介面。
1)maven依賴
<dependency> <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId> <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId> <version>4.3.1</version> </dependency>
2)httpClient使用方法
使用HttpClient發送請求、接收響應很簡單,一般需要如下幾步即可。
- 創建HttpClient對象。
- 創建請求方法的實例,並指定請求URL。如果需要發送GET請求,創建HttpGet對象;如果需要發送POST請求,創建HttpPost對象。
- 如果需要發送請求參數,可調用HttpGet、HttpPost共同的setParams(HetpParams params)方法來添加請求參數;對於HttpPost對象而言,也可調用setEntity(HttpEntity entity)方法來設置請求參數。
- 調用HttpClient對象的execute(HttpUriRequest request)發送請求,該方法返回一個HttpResponse。
- 調用HttpResponse的getAllHeaders()、getHeaders(String name)等方法可獲取伺服器的響應頭;調用HttpResponse的getEntity()方法可獲取HttpEntity對象,該對象包裝了伺服器的響應內容。程式可通過該對象獲取伺服器的響應內容。
- 釋放連接。無論執行方法是否成功,都必須釋放連接——這裡使用了連接池,可以交給連接池去處理
3)實例
1、發送請求的類
import com.alibaba.druid.support.json.JSONUtils; import com.alibaba.druid.support.logging.Log; import com.alibaba.druid.support.logging.LogFactory; import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON; import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject; import com.seewo.core.util.json.JsonUtils; import org.apache.commons.collections.map.HashedMap; import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils; import org.apache.http.HttpHost; import org.apache.http.NameValuePair; import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException; import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient; import org.apache.http.client.ResponseHandler; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost; import org.apache.http.conn.params.ConnRoutePNames; import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.Scheme; import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLSocketFactory; import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity; import org.apache.http.impl.client.BasicResponseHandler; import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient; import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingClientConnectionManager; import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair; import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders; import org.springframework.http.MediaType; import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext; import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager; import javax.security.cert.CertificateException; import javax.security.cert.X509Certificate; import java.io.IOException; import java.text.MessageFormat; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; /** * Created by zhengcanrui on 16/9/20. */ public class WechatAPIHander { /** * 獲取token介面 */ private String getTokenUrl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid={0}&secret={1}"; /** * 拉微信用戶信息介面 */ private String getUserInfoUrl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/user/info?access_token={0}&openid={1}"; /** * 主動推送信息介面(群發) */ private String sendMsgUrl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/mass/sendall?access_token={0}"; private HttpClient webClient; private Log log = LogFactory.getLog(getClass()); public void initWebClient(String proxyHost, int proxyPort){ this.initWebClient(); if(webClient != null && !StringUtils.isEmpty(proxyHost)){ HttpHost proxy = new HttpHost(proxyHost, proxyPort); webClient.getParams().setParameter(ConnRoutePNames.DEFAULT_PROXY, proxy); } } /** * @desc 初始化創建 WebClient */ public void initWebClient() { log.info("initWebClient start...."); try { PoolingClientConnectionManager tcm = new PoolingClientConnectionManager(); tcm.setMaxTotal(10); SSLContext ctx = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS"); X509TrustManager tm = new X509TrustManager() { @Override public void checkClientTrusted(java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] x509Certificates, String s) throws java.security.cert.CertificateException { } @Override public void checkServerTrusted(java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] x509Certificates, String s) throws java.security.cert.CertificateException { } @Override public java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() { return new java.security.cert.X509Certificate[0]; } }; ctx.init(null, new X509TrustManager[] { tm }, null); SSLSocketFactory ssf = new SSLSocketFactory(ctx, SSLSocketFactory.ALLOW_ALL_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER); Scheme sch = new Scheme("https", 443, ssf); tcm.getSchemeRegistry().register(sch); webClient = new DefaultHttpClient(tcm); } catch (Exception ex) { log.error("initWebClient exception", ex); } finally { log.info("initWebClient end...."); } } /** * @desc 獲取授權token * @param appid * @param secret * @return */ public String getAccessToken(String appid, String secret) { String accessToken = null; try { log.info("getAccessToken start.{appid=" + appid + ",secret:" + secret + "}"); String url = MessageFormat.format(this.getTokenUrl, appid, secret); String response = executeHttpGet(url); Map map = JsonUtils.jsonToMap(response); accessToken = (String) map.get("access_token"); /* Object Object = JSONUtils.parse(response); accessToken = jsonObject.getString("access_token");*/ // accessToken = JsonUtils.read(response, "access_token"); } catch (Exception e) { log.error("get access toekn exception", e); } return accessToken; } /** * @desc 推送信息 * @param token * @param msg * @return */ public String sendMessage(String token,String msg){ try{ log.info("\n\nsendMessage start.token:"+token+",msg:"+msg); String url = MessageFormat.format(this.sendMsgUrl, token); HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url); ResponseHandler<?> responseHandler = new BasicResponseHandler(); //這裡必須是一個合法的json格式數據,每個欄位的意義可以查看上面連接的說明,content後面的test是要發送給用戶的數據,這裡是群發給所有人 msg = "{\"filter\":{\"is_to_all\":true},\"text\":{\"content\":\"test\"},\"msgtype\":\"text\"}\""; //設置發送消息的參數 StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(msg); //解決中文亂碼的問題 entity.setContentEncoding("UTF-8"); entity.setContentType("application/json"); post.setEntity(entity); //發送請求 String response = (String) this.webClient.execute(post, responseHandler); log.info("return response=====start======"); log.info(response); log.info("return response=====end======"); return response; }catch (Exception e) { log.error("get user info exception", e); return null; } } /** * @desc 發起HTTP GET請求返回數據 * @param url * @return * @throws IOException * @throws ClientProtocolException */ private String executeHttpGet(String url) throws IOException, ClientProtocolException { ResponseHandler<?> responseHandler = new BasicResponseHandler(); String response = (String) this.webClient.execute(new HttpGet(url), responseHandler); log.info("return response=====start======"); log.info(response); log.info("return response=====end======"); return response; } }
2、Controller和Service層調用
@RequestMapping(value = "/testHttpClient", method = RequestMethod.GET) public DataMap test() { WechatAPIHander wechatAPIHander = new WechatAPIHander(); //獲取access_token
//第一個參數是你appid,第二個參數是你的秘鑰,需要根據你的具體情況換 String accessToken = wechatAPIHander.getAccessToken("appid","scerpt"); //發送消息 wechatAPIHander.sendMessage(accessToken, "測試數據"); return new DataMap().addAttribute("DATA",accessToken); }
3、結果
假如你關註了微信公眾號中看到你剛剛發送的test消息。
HttpClient學習文檔:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1miO1eOg
致謝:感謝您的閱讀