[C#.net]PostMessage與SendMessage的區別

用 PostMessage、SendNotifyMessage、SendMessageCallback 等非同步函數發送系統消息時，參數里不可以使用指針，因為發送者並不等待消息的處理就返回，接受者還沒處理指針就已經被釋放了。



5、在 Windows 2000/XP 里，每個消息隊列最多只能存放 10,000 個 Post
的消息，超過的還沒被處理的將不會被處理，直接丟掉。這個值可以改得更大：[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/SOFTWARE/
Microsoft/Windows NT/CurrentVersion/Windows] USERPostMessageLimit，最小可以是
4000。

PostMessage只負責將消息放到消息隊列中，不確定何時及是否處理

SendMessage要等到受到消息處理的返回碼（DWord類型）後才繼續

PostMessage執行後馬上返回

SendMessage必須等到消息被處理後才會返回。

下麵通過一個小例子來說明下這2個方法進行參數傳遞的不同點：

//Win32 API 類


using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace TestHwnd
 {
     public class Win32API
     {        
         [DllImport("User32.dll", EntryPoint = "FindWindow")]
         public static extern IntPtr FindWindow(string lpClassName, string lpWindowName);

         [DllImport("User32.dll", EntryPoint = "FindWindowEx")]
         public static extern IntPtr FindWindowEx(IntPtr hwndParent, IntPtr hwndChildAfter, string lpClassName, string lpWindowName);

         /// <summary>
         /// 自定義的結構
        /// </summary>
         public struct My_lParam
         {
             public int i;
             public string s;
         }
         /// <summary>
         /// 使用COPYDATASTRUCT來傳遞字元串
        /// </summary>
         [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
         public struct COPYDATASTRUCT
         {
             public IntPtr dwData;
             public int cbData;
             [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)]
             public string lpData;
         }
         //消息發送API
         [DllImport("User32.dll", EntryPoint = "SendMessage")]
         public static extern int SendMessage(
             IntPtr hWnd,        // 信息發往的視窗的句柄
            int Msg,            // 消息ID
             int wParam,         // 參數1
             int lParam          //參數2
         );

         
         //消息發送API
         [DllImport("User32.dll", EntryPoint = "SendMessage")]
         public static extern int SendMessage(
             IntPtr hWnd,        // 信息發往的視窗的句柄
            int Msg,            // 消息ID
             int wParam,         // 參數1
             ref My_lParam lParam //參數2
         );
         
         //消息發送API
         [DllImport("User32.dll", EntryPoint = "SendMessage")]
         public static extern int SendMessage(
             IntPtr hWnd,        // 信息發往的視窗的句柄
            int Msg,            // 消息ID
             int wParam,         // 參數1
             ref  COPYDATASTRUCT lParam  //參數2
         );

         //消息發送API
         [DllImport("User32.dll", EntryPoint = "PostMessage")]
         public static extern int PostMessage(
             IntPtr hWnd,        // 信息發往的視窗的句柄
            int Msg,            // 消息ID
             int wParam,         // 參數1
             int lParam            // 參數2
         );
         
         
         
         //消息發送API
         [DllImport("User32.dll", EntryPoint = "PostMessage")]
         public static extern int PostMessage(
             IntPtr hWnd,        // 信息發往的視窗的句柄
            int Msg,            // 消息ID
             int wParam,         // 參數1
             ref My_lParam lParam //參數2
         );
         
         //非同步消息發送API
         [DllImport("User32.dll", EntryPoint = "PostMessage")]
         public static extern int PostMessage(
             IntPtr hWnd,        // 信息發往的視窗的句柄
            int Msg,            // 消息ID
             int wParam,         // 參數1
             ref  COPYDATASTRUCT lParam  // 參數2
         );

     }
 }

//主窗體，發送消息


using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace TestHwnd
 {
     public partial class Main : Form
     {

         public IntPtr hwndTest;
         public int IwndTest;
         public IntPtr hwndfrmTest;
         

         public Main()
         {
             InitializeComponent();
         }

         private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
         {
             Test test = new Test();
             test.Show(this);
         }

         private void timer1_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e)
         {
             string strTest = "25425";
             Win32API.COPYDATASTRUCT cds;
             cds.dwData = (IntPtr)100;
             cds.lpData = strTest;
             byte[] sarr = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(strTest);
             int len = sarr.Length;
             cds.cbData = len + 1;
             
             Win32API.My_lParam lp=new Win32API.My_lParam();
             lp.i=3;
             lp.s="test";
             
             if(hwndTest!=(IntPtr)0)
             {
                 if (DateTime.Now.Second % 2 == 0)
                 {
                     Win32API.SendMessage(hwndTest, 0x60, 1, 3);//傳遞2個整型參數成功
                }
                 if(DateTime.Now.Second % 3 == 0)
                 {
                     Win32API.SendMessage(hwndTest, 0x61, 5, ref lp);//傳遞整型參數和結構類型成功，這個方法加以改變後可以傳遞對象
                }
                 if(DateTime.Now.Second % 5 == 0)
                 {
                     Win32API.SendMessage(hwndTest, 0x62, 5, ref cds);//傳遞整型參數和不定長的字元串成功
                }
                 if(DateTime.Now.Second % 7 == 0)
                 {
                     Win32API.PostMessage(hwndTest, 0x63, 5, 6);//傳遞2個整型參數成功
                }
                 if(DateTime.Now.Second % 9 == 0)
                 {
                     Win32API.PostMessage(hwndTest, 0x64, 3, ref lp);//傳遞整型參數成功，但是傳遞參數lp失敗，3可以傳遞成功。
                }
                 if(DateTime.Now.Second % 11 == 0)
                 {
                     Win32API.PostMessage(hwndTest, 0x65, 3, ref cds);//傳遞整型參數成功，傳遞參數cds失敗，3可以傳遞成功。
                }
             }                        
         }
     }
 }




//子窗體接收消息以及參數
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace TestHwnd
 {
     public partial class Test : Form
     {
         Main main;
         public Test()
         {
             InitializeComponent();
         }

         private void Test_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
         {
             main = this.Owner as Main;
             main.hwndTest = this.Handle;
             
         }

         

         ///重寫窗體的消息處理函數DefWndProc，從中加入自己定義消息的檢測的處理入口
        protected override void DefWndProc(ref Message m)
         {
             switch (m.Msg)
             {
                     //接收自定義消息MYMESSAGE，並顯示其參數
                case 0x60:
                     {
                         label1.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString() + "-" + m.WParam.ToInt32().ToString() + "-" + m.LParam.ToInt32().ToString();
                     }
                     break;
                 case 0x61:
                     {
                         Win32API.My_lParam ml = new Win32API.My_lParam();
                         Type t = ml.GetType();
                         ml = (Win32API.My_lParam)m.GetLParam(t);
                         label2.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString() + "-" + m.WParam.ToInt32().ToString() + "-" + ml.i.ToString()+":"+ml.s;
                     }
                     break;
                     case 0x62:
                     {
                         Win32API.COPYDATASTRUCT mystr = new Win32API.COPYDATASTRUCT();
                         Type mytype = mystr.GetType();
                         mystr = (Win32API.COPYDATASTRUCT)m.GetLParam(mytype);
                         string str2 = mystr.lpData;
                         label3.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString() + "-" + m.WParam.ToInt32().ToString() + "-" + str2;
                     }
                     break;
                     case 0x63:
                     {
                         label4.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString() + "-" + m.WParam.ToInt32().ToString() + "-" + m.LParam.ToInt32().ToString();
                     }
                     break;
                     case 0x64:
                     {
                         Win32API.My_lParam ml = new Win32API.My_lParam();
                         Type t = ml.GetType();
                         ml = (Win32API.My_lParam)m.GetLParam(t);
                         label5.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString() + "-" + m.WParam.ToInt32().ToString() + "-" + ml.i.ToString()+":"+ml.s;
                     }
                     break;
                     case 0x65:
                     {
                         Win32API.COPYDATASTRUCT mystr = new Win32API.COPYDATASTRUCT();
                         Type mytype = mystr.GetType();
                         mystr = (Win32API.COPYDATASTRUCT)m.GetLParam(mytype);
                         string str2 = mystr.lpData;
                         label6.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString() + "-" + m.WParam.ToInt32().ToString() + "-" + str2;
                     }
                     break;
                 default:
                     base.DefWndProc(ref m);
                     break;
             }
         }

         
         private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
         {
             main.hwndTest = (IntPtr) (0);
             this.Close();
         }
     }    
 }