車機 Android 環境下利用 CarAudioService 實現自定義 Java 服務自啟動

註意：本文基於 Android 11 進行分析
Qidi 2023.11.28 (MarkDown & Haroopad)

0. 簡介 Android RO (Resource Overlay) 機制

Overlay 實現的效果正如其字面意思，就是“在原有效果的基礎上再疊加一些效果”。

Android 提供了兩種實現方式：

• 編譯時：https://source.android.com/docs/setup/create/new-device#use-resource-overlays
• 運行時：https://source.android.com/docs/core/runtime/rros

通過 RO 機制，我們就可以將自己編寫的 Java 服務在系統啟動時運行起來。

1. 實現自定義 Java 服務

假設我們要實現的自定義服務名叫 myService，為了使它可以正常被 CarAudioService 拉起，需要在myService的 AndroidManifest.xml 中添加 directBootAware 屬性：

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    coreApp="true"
    tools:ignore="MissingVersion"
    package="com.your_company_name.myService"
    android:sharedUserId="android.uid.system">
    ......
    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        tools:ignore="All"
        android:label="myService"
        android:persistent="true"
        android:directBootAware="true"
        android:supportsRtl="true" >

        <service
            android:name=".myService"
            android:singleUser="true"
            android:exported="true"
            android:permission="android.car.permission.CAR_CONTROL_AUDIO_SETTINGS"
            tools:ignore="All"
            android:enabled="true">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="com.your_company_name.myService"/>
            </intent-filter>
        </service>

        <!-- functionalities of myService depend on calls to below libraries -->
        <uses-library
            android:name="com.your_company_name.audio"
            android:required="true"/>
        <uses-library
            android:name="com.your_company_name.effect"
            android:required="true"/>
    </application>
</manifest>

隨後實現 myService 代碼，和實現普通 service 沒有區別，示例 vendor/your_company_name/packages/src/com/your_company_name/myService.java 如下：

package com.your_company_name.myService;

// some dependent packages
import android.util.Log;
import xxxx;

public class myService extends Service {

	private static final String TAG = "myService";

	......

    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        // return a binder object to caller
    }

    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        return START_STICKY;
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
    	Log.i(TAG, "Creating myService...");
        super.onCreate();
        // creating and initializing myService
    }


	// implementation of some myService methods here
    ......


    @Override
    public boolean onUnbind(Intent intent) {
        return super.onUnbind(intent);
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
    }

    @Override
    protected void attachBaseContext(Context base) {
        super.attachBaseContext(base);
    }
}

如此，自定義服務 myService 就編寫完成了。接下來我們還要做一些改動，讓 myService 在系統啟動時能自動被 CarAudioService 拉起。

2. 對 CarAudioService 配置文件進行編譯時 Overlay

為 CarAudioService 新建 Overlay 配置文件device/your_company_name/qcom/lunch_target_name/overlay/packages/services/Car/service/res/values/config.xml：

<resources>
    <!-- The services that needs to be started earlier in the boot sequence and in particular order.
         Every item in this array contains a flatten component name of a service that needs to be
         started and a list of parameters after hashtag symbol. Here's the format:

         <item>com.bar.foo/.Service#bind={bind|start|startForeground},user={all|system|foreground},
         trigger={asap,userUnlocked}</item>

         bind: bind - start service with Context#bindService
               start - start service with Context#startService
               startForeground - start service with Context#startForegroundService
               If service was bound it will be restarted unless it is constantly crashing.
               The default value is 'start'
         user: all - the service will be bound/started for system and all foreground users
               system - the service will be started/bound only for system user (u0)
               foreground - the service will be bound/started only for foreground users
               The default value is 'all'
         trigger: indicates when the service needs to be started/bound
               asap - the service might be bound when user is not fully loaded, be careful with
                      this value, the service also needs to have directBootAware flag set to true
               userUnlocked - start service when user unlocked the device
               The default value is 'userUnlocked'

         If the service bound/started for foreground user it will be unbound/stopped when user
         is no longer foreground.
     -->
    <string-array translatable="false" name="config_earlyStartupServices">
        <item>com.your_company_name.myService/.myService#bind=start,user=system,trigger=asap</item>
    </string-array>
</resources>

然後在 makefile 中將上述 overlay 文件路徑添加到環境變數 PRODUCT_PACKAGE_OVERLAYS 中。以我使用的代碼環境為例，在 device/your_company_name/qcom/lunch_target_name/lunch_target_name.mk 中添加以下語句（當然你也可以添加到別的 makefile 中，比如 device.mk）：

PRODUCT_PACKAGE_OVERLAYS += device/your_company_name/qcom/$(TARGET_PRODUCT)/overlay

至此，所有需要的改動都已完成。接下來只要確保編譯通過，並燒寫到板子上，就能在開機日誌中看到 myService 被拉起來的列印了。