httpd

来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/Their-own/archive/2022/07/23/16512439.html
-Advertisement-
Play Games

Httpd 1.httpd簡介 httpd是Apache超文本傳輸協議(HTTP)伺服器的主程式。被設計為一個獨立運行的後臺進程,它會建立一個處理請求的子進程或線程的池。 通常,httpd不應該被直接調用,而應該在類Unix系統中由apachectl調用,在Windows中作為服務運行。 2.htt ...


Httpd

目錄

1.httpd簡介

httpd是Apache超文本傳輸協議(HTTP)伺服器的主程式。被設計為一個獨立運行的後臺進程,它會建立一個處理請求的子進程或線程的池。

通常,httpd不應該被直接調用,而應該在類Unix系統中由apachectl調用,在Windows中作為服務運行。

2.httpd的特性

httpd有很多特性,下麵就分別來說說httpd-2.2版本和httpd-2.4版本各自的特性。

版本 特性
2.2 事先創建進程 按需維持適當的進程 模塊化設計,核心比較小,各種功能通過模塊添加(包括PHP),支持運行時配置,支持單獨編譯模塊 支持多種方式的虛擬主機配置,如基於ip的虛擬主機,基於埠的虛擬主機,基於功能變數名稱的虛擬主機等 支持https協議(通過mod_ssl模塊實現) 支持用戶認證 支持基於IP或功能變數名稱的ACL訪問控制機制 支持每目錄的訪問控制(用戶訪問預設主頁時不需要提供用戶名和密碼,但是用戶訪問某特定目錄時需要提供用戶名和密碼) 支持URL重寫 支持MPM(Multi Path Modules,多處理模塊)。用於定義httpd的工作模型(單進程、單進程多線程、多進程、多進程單線程、多進程多線程)
2.4 httpd-2.4的新特性: MPM支持運行DSO機制(Dynamic Share Object,模塊的動態裝/卸載機制),以模塊形式按需載入 支持event MPM,eventMPM模塊生產環境可用 支持非同步讀寫 支持每個模塊及每個目錄分別使用各自的日誌級別 每個請求相關的專業配置,使用來配置 增強版的表達式分析器 支持毫秒級的keepalive timeout 基於FQDN的虛擬主機不再需要NameVirtualHost指令 支持用戶自定義變數 支持新的指令(AllowOverrideList) 降低對記憶體的消耗
工作模型 工作方式
prefork 多進程模型,預先生成進程,一個請求用一個進程響應 一個主進程負責生成n個子進程,子進程也稱為工作進程 每個子進程處理一個用戶請求,即使沒有用戶請求,也會預先生成多個空閑進程,隨時等待請求到達,最大不會超過1024個
worker 基於線程工作,一個請求用一個線程響應(啟動多個進程,每個進程生成多個線程)
event 基於事件的驅動,一個進程處理多個請求

2.1httpd2.4版本型新添加的模塊

添加了之後常用的幾個模塊

模塊 功能
mod_proxy_fcgi 反向代理時支持apache伺服器後端協議的模塊
mod_ratelimit 提供速率限制功能的模塊
mod_remoteip 基於ip的訪問控制機制被改變,不再支持使用Order,Deny,Allow來做基於IP的訪問控制

3.httpd基礎

3.1httpd自帶的工具程式

工具 功能
htpasswd basic認證基於文件實現時,用到的帳號密碼生成工具
apachectl httpd自帶的服務控制腳本,支持start,stop,restart
apxs 由httpd-devel包提供的,擴展httpd使用第三方模塊的工具
rotatelogs 日誌滾動工具
suexec 訪問某些有特殊許可權配置的資源時,臨時切換至指定用戶運行的工具
ab apache benchmark,httpd的壓力測試工具

3.2 rpm包安裝的httpd程式環境

文件/目錄 對應的功能
/var/log/httpd/access.log 訪問日誌
/var/log/httpd/error_log 錯誤日誌
/var/www/html/ 站點文檔目錄
/usr/lib64/httpd/modules/ 模塊文件路徑
/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 主配置文件
/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/*.conf 模塊配置文件
/etc/httpd/conf.d/*.conf 輔助配置文件

4.web相關的命令

curl命令

curl是基於URL語法在命令行方式下工作的文件傳輸工具,它支持FTP,FTPS,HTTP,HTTPS,GOPHER,TELNET,DICT,FILE及LDAP等協議。

curl支持以下功能:

  • https認證
  • http的POST/PUT等方法
  • ftp上傳
  • kerberos認證
  • http上傳
  • 代理伺服器
  • cookies
  • 用戶名/密碼認證
  • 下載文件斷點續傳
  • socks5代理伺服器
  • 通過http代理伺服器上傳文件到ftp伺服器
//語法:curl [options] [URL ...]
//常用的options:
    -A/--user-agent <string>    //設置用戶代理髮送給伺服器
    -basic              //使用Http基本認證
    --tcp-nodelay       //使用TCP_NODELAY選項
    -e/--referer <URL>      //來源網址
    --cacert <file>     //CA證書(SSL)
    --compressed        //要求返回時壓縮的格式
    -H/--header <line>  //自定義請求首部信息傳遞給伺服器
    -I/--head           //只顯示響應報文首部信息
    --limit-rate <rate>     //設置傳輸速度
    -u/--user <user[:password]>     //設置伺服器的用戶和密碼
    -0/--http1      //使用http 1.0版本,預設使用1.1版本。這個選項是數字0而不是字母o
    -o/--output     //把輸出寫到文件中
    -#/--progress-bar       //進度條顯示當前的傳送狀態

httpd命令

//語法:httpd [options]
//常用的options:
    -l      //查看靜態編譯的模塊,列出核心中編譯了哪些模塊。 \
            //它不會列出使用LoadModule指令動態載入的模塊
    -M      //輸出一個已經啟用的模塊列表,包括靜態編譯在服務 \
            //器中的模塊和作為DSO動態載入的模塊
    -v      //顯示httpd的版本,然後退出
    -V      //顯示httpd和apr/apr-util的版本和編譯參數,然後退出
    -X      //以調試模式運行httpd。僅啟動一個工作進程,並且 \
            //伺服器不與控制台脫離
    -t      //檢查配置文件是否有語法錯誤

命令演示

[root@localhost ~]# httpd -t
Syntax OK

[root@localhost ~]# httpd -l
Compiled in modules:
  core.c
  mod_so.c
  http_core.c

[root@localhost ~]# httpd -M
Loaded Modules:
 core_module (static)
 so_module (static)
 http_module (static)
 access_compat_module (shared)
 actions_module (shared)
 alias_module (shared)
 allowmethods_module (shared)

[root@localhost ~]# httpd -v			//小寫v
Server version: Apache/2.4.37 (centos)
Server built:   Nov 12 2021 04:57:27

[root@localhost ~]# httpd -V			//大寫V
Server version: Apache/2.4.37 (centos)
Server built:   Nov 12 2021 04:57:27
Server's Module Magic Number: 20120211:83
Server loaded:  APR 1.6.3, APR-UTIL 1.6.1
Compiled using: APR 1.6.3, APR-UTIL 1.6.1
Architecture:   64-bit
Server MPM:     event
  threaded:     yes (fixed thread count)
    forked:     yes (variable process count)

5.httpd常用的配置文件

NAME有三種,分別是:

  • prefork
  • event
  • worker

配置文件位置:

[root@localhost conf.modules.d]# pwd
/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d
[root@localhost conf.modules.d]# ls
00-base.conf  00-lua.conf  00-proxy.conf    01-cgi.conf
00-dav.conf   00-mpm.conf  00-systemd.conf
[root@localhost conf.modules.d]# vim 00-mpm.conf
# Select the MPM module which should be used by uncommenting exactly
# one of the following LoadModule lines:

# prefork MPM: Implements a non-threaded, pre-forking web server
# See: http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/prefork.html
LoadModule mpm_prefork_module modules/mod_mpm_prefork.s

訪問控製法則:

法則 功能
Require all granted 允許所有主機訪問
Require all deny 拒絕所有主機訪問
Require ip IPADDR 授權指定來源地址的主機訪問
Require not ip IPADDR 拒絕指定來源地址的主機訪問
Require host HOSTNAME 授權指定來源主機名的主機訪問
Require not host HOSTNAME 拒絕指定來源主機名的主機訪問
IPADDR的類型 HOSTNAME的類型
IP:192.168.1.1
Network/mask:192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0
Network/Length:192.168.1.0/24
Net:192.168
FQDN:特定主機的全名 DOMAIN:指定域內的所有主機

註意:httpd-2.4版本預設是拒絕所有主機訪問的,所以安裝以後必須做顯示授權訪問

配置文件示例

<Directory "/var/www/html/www">
    <RequireAll>
        Require not ip 192.168.111.1
        Require all granted
    </RequireAll>
</Directory>

4.編譯安裝httpd

1.準備環境

[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y groupinstall "Development Tools" --allowerasing
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
Last metadata expiration check: 0:03:34 ago on Tue Jul 12 22:42:38 2022.
Dependencies resolved.
===============================================================================================================
 Package                                Arch     Version                                    Repository    Size
===============================================================================================================
Installing group/module packages:
Complete!
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -rMs /sbin/nologin apache 
[root@localhost ~]# id apache
uid=994(apache) gid=991(apache) groups=991(apache)
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y install wget
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y install openssl-devel pcre-devel expat-devel libtool libxml2-devel
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y install gcc gcc-c++
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y install make

2.下載 apr apr-util httpd

[root@localhost ~]# wget http://mirrors.aliyun.com/apache/apr/apr-1.7.0.tar.gz
--2022-07-12 22:50:06--  http://mirrors.aliyun.com/apache/apr/apr-1.7.0.tar.gz
Resolving mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)... 58.49.248.230, 58.49.248.232, 119.96.204.214, ...
Connecting to mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)|58.49.248.230|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 1093896 (1.0M) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: 'apr-1.7.0.tar.gz'
apr-1.7.0.tar.gz            100%[==========================================>]   1.04M  --.-KB/s    in 0.06s   
2022-07-12 22:50:06 (18.4 MB/s) - 'apr-1.7.0.tar.gz' saved [1093896/1093896]


[root@localhost ~]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/apache/apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz
--2022-07-12 22:50:49--  https://mirrors.aliyun.com/apache/apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz
Resolving mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)... 58.49.248.229, 119.96.204.215, 58.49.248.226, ...
Connecting to mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)|58.49.248.229|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 554301 (541K) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: 'apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz'
apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz       100%[==========================================>] 541.31K  --.-KB/s    in 0.04s   
2022-07-12 22:50:49 (14.6 MB/s) - 'apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz' saved [554301/554301]

[root@localhost ~]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz
--2022-07-12 22:51:06--  https://mirrors.aliyun.com/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz
Resolving mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)... 58.49.248.229, 119.96.204.215, 58.49.248.226, ...
Connecting to mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)|58.49.248.229|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 9743277 (9.3M) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: 'httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz'
httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz         100%[==========================================>]   9.29M  39.8MB/s    in 0.2s    
2022-07-12 22:51:07 (39.8 MB/s) - 'httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz' saved [9743277/9743277]
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  apr-1.7.0.tar.gz  apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz  httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz

3.解壓apr apr-util httpd

[root@localhost ~]# tar -xf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/
[root@localhost ~]# tar -xf httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/
[root@localhost ~]# tar -xf apr-1.7.0.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/
[root@localhost ~]# ls /usr/local/src/
apr-1.7.0  apr-util-1.6.1  httpd-2.4.54

4.安裝apr apr-util httpd

安裝apr

[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/src/apr-1.7.0/
[root@localhost apr-1.7.0]# vi configure
cfgfile=${ofile}T
    trap "$RM \"$cfgfile\"; exit 1" 1 2 15
    #$RM "$cfgfile"			//註釋這行
[root@localhost apr-1.7.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
[root@localhost apr-1.7.0]# make && make install
[root@localhost apr-1.7.0]# ls /usr/local/apr/
bin  build-1  include  lib

安裝apr-util

[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# cd /usr/local/src/apr-util-1.6.1/
[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr/
[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# make && make install
[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# ls /usr/local/apr-util/
bin  include  lib

安裝httpd

[root@localhost httpd-2.4.54]# cd /usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.54/
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.54]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --enable-so --enable-ssl --enable-cgi --enable-rewrite --with-zlib --with-pcre --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/ --enable-modules=most --enable-mpms-shared=all --with-rpm=prefork
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.54]# make && make install
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.54]# ls /usr/local/apache/
bin    cgi-bin  error   icons    logs  manual
build  conf     htdocs  include  man   modules

5.配置環境變數

[root@localhost ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/apache/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/apache.sh
[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile.d/apache.sh 
[root@localhost ~]# which apachectl
/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl
[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /usr/local/apache/include/ /usr/include/apache
[root@localhost ~]# ll /usr/include/ | grep apache
lrwxrwxrwx.  1 root root     26 Jul 12 23:15 apache -> /usr/local/apache/include/	
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/man_db.conf 	//使apache的man生效
#MANDATORY_MANPATH                      /usr/src/pvm3/man
#
MANDATORY_MANPATH                       /usr/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH                       /usr/share/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH          
/usr/local/share/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH                       /usr/local/apache/man	//添加此行

6.關閉防火牆和selinux服務

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0

7.開啟apache服務,並看出是否能訪問

[root@localhost ~]# apachectl start
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using localhost.localdomain. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
httpd (pid 147215) already running
[root@localhost ~]# ss -anltup | grep httpd
tcp   LISTEN 0      128                *:80              *:*    users:(("httpd",pid=147218,fd=4),("httpd",pid=147217,fd=4),("httpd",pid=147216,fd=4),("httpd",pid=147215,fd=4))

img

8.取消警告信息

[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/apache/
[root@localhost apache]# ls
bin    cgi-bin  error   icons    logs  manual
build  conf     htdocs  include  man   modules
[root@localhost apache]# cd conf/
[root@localhost conf]# ls
extra  httpd.conf  magic  mime.types  original
[root@localhost conf]# vi httpd.conf 
#ServerName www.example.com:80		//刪除註釋
[root@localhost conf]# apachectl start			//此時沒有警告
[root@localhost conf]# ss -anlt
State   Recv-Q  Send-Q   Local Address:Port   Peer Address:Port Process 
LISTEN  0       128            0.0.0.0:22          0.0.0.0:*            
LISTEN  0       128                  *:80                *:*            
LISTEN  0       128               [::]:22             [::]:*            

9.使用systemctl命令使用httpd

[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/lib/systemd/system
[root@localhost system]# ls sshd.service 
sshd.service
[root@localhost system]# cp sshd.service httpd.service
[root@localhost system]# vi httpd.service 
[Unit]
Description=OpenSSH server daemon		//修改成Description=httpd server daemon
Documentation=man:sshd(8) man:sshd_config(5)		//刪除
After=network.target sshd-keygen.target
Wants=sshd-keygen.target		//刪除

[Service]
Type=notify		//修改成Type=forking
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/crypto-policies/back-ends/opensshserver.config	//刪除
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/sshd	//刪除
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/sshd -D $OPTIONS $CRYPTO_POLICY		//修改成ExecStart=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl start
ExecStop=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl stop  //添加此行用作停止
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
KillMode=process		//刪除
Restart=on-failure		//刪除
RestartSec=42s			//刪除

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

[root@localhost system]# cat httpd.service 
[Unit]
Description=httpd server daemon
After=network.target sshd-keygen.target

[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl start
ExecStop=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl stop
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

[root@localhost system]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@localhost system]# cd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - httpd server daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; ven>
   Active: inactive (dead)
lines 1-3/3 (END)
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start httpd
[root@localhost ~]# ss -anlt 		//查看80埠已開啟
State   Recv-Q  Send-Q   Local Address:Port   Peer Address:Port Process 
LISTEN  0       128            0.0.0.0:22          0.0.0.0:*            
LISTEN  0       128                  *:80                *:*            
LISTEN  0       128               [::]:22             [::]:*            
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - httpd server daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; ven>
   Active: active (running) since Wed 2022-07-13 19:26:50 CST; 7s ago
  Process: 145364 ExecStart=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl start (code>
 Main PID: 145367 (httpd)
    Tasks: 82 (limit: 23457)
   Memory: 21.6M
   CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
           ├─145367 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start
           ├─145368 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start
           ├─145369 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start
           └─145370 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start

Jul 13 19:26:50 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting httpd server>
Jul 13 19:26:50 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started httpd server >

5.訪問控制許可權

訪問當前虛擬機的IP

[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y install httpd
[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/www/html/
[root@localhost html]# ls
[root@localhost html]# echo "123" > index.html
[root@localhost html]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@localhost html]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@localhost html]# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@localhost html]# setenforce 0

image

在/var/www/html下新建一個zxr目錄,在zxr目錄下創建一個a.html文件,進行訪問測試

[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/www/html/
[root@localhost html]# ls
index.html
[root@localhost html]# mkdir zxr
[root@localhost html]# ls
index.html  zxr
[root@localhost html]# cd zxr/
[root@localhost zxr]# echo "abc" > a.html
[root@localhost zxr]# ls
a.html
[root@localhost zxr]# systemctl restart httpd

image

設置物理機不允許訪問/var/www/html/zxr/a.html

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 
<Directory "/var/www/html/zxr">
    <RequireAll>
        Require not ip 192.168.111.1
        Require all granted
    </RequireAll>
</Directory>
[root@localhost ~]# httpd -t
Syntax OK
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restaer httpd
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.111.135
123
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.111.135/zxr/a.html
abc

image

設置物理機可以訪問虛擬機訪問不了

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 
<Directory "/var/www/html/zxr">
    <RequireAll>
        Require not ip 192.168.111.135
        Require all granted
    </RequireAll>
</Directory>
[root@localhost ~]# httpd -t
Syntax OK


[root@localhost ~]# curl http://192.168.111.135/zxr/a.html			//訪問失敗
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN">
<html><head>
<title>403 Forbidden</title>
</head><body>
<h1>Forbidden</h1>
<p>You don't have permission to access this resource.</p>
</body></html>

image

6.配置三種不同的虛擬主機

虛擬主機有三類:

  • 相同IP不同埠
  • 不同IP相同埠
  • 相同IP相同埠不同功能變數名稱

6.1 配置相同IP不同埠

先將需要使用的上傳到/var/www/html下

[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y install httpd
[root@localhost ~]# find / -name *vhosts.conf
/usr/share/doc/httpd/httpd-vhosts.conf
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/httpd/
[root@localhost httpd]# ls
conf  conf.d  conf.modules.d  logs  modules  run  state
[root@localhost httpd]# cd conf.d/
[root@localhost conf.d]# ls
README  autoindex.conf  userdir.conf  welcome.conf
[root@localhost conf.d]# cp /usr/share/doc/httpd/httpd-vhosts.conf /etc/httpd/conf.d/
[root@localhost conf.d]# ls
README  autoindex.conf  httpd-vhosts.conf  userdir.conf  welcome.conf
[root@localhost conf.d]# cd /var/www/html/
[root@localhost html]# ls
doudizhu.zip  zhuawawaji.zip		//需要將自己要使用的上傳至文件夾內
[root@localhost html]# dnf -y install unzip			//沒有unzip解壓需要下載一個
[root@localhost html]# unzip doudizhu.zip
[root@localhost html]# unzip zhuawawaji.zip 
[root@localhost html]# ls
 doudizhu.zip  'HTML5 canvas移動端鬥地主小游戲'   jQuery抓娃娃機游戲代碼   zhuawawaji.zip
[root@localhost html]# rm -rf doudizhu.zip zhuawawaji.zip 
[root@localhost html]# ls
'HTML5 canvas移動端鬥地主小游戲'   jQuery抓娃娃機游戲代碼
[root@localhost html]# mkdir doudizhu zhuawawaji
[root@localhost html]# mv 'HTML5 canvas移動端鬥地主小游戲'/* doudizhu/
[root@localhost html]# cd doudizhu/
[root@localhost doudizhu]# ls
DJDDZ.js  img  index.html  JControls.js  Prototype.js  ResourceData.js
[root@localhost html]# mv jQuery抓娃娃機游戲代碼/* zhuawawaji/
[root@localhost html]# cd zhuawawaji/
[root@localhost zhuawawaji]# ls
images  img  index.html  js
[root@localhost html]# ls
 doudizhu  'HTML5 canvas移動端鬥地主小游戲'   jQuery抓娃娃機游戲代碼   zhuawawaji
[root@localhost html]# rm -rf jQuery抓娃娃機游戲代碼 HTML5\ canvas移動端鬥地主小游戲/
[root@localhost html]# ls
doudizhu  zhuawawaji
[root@localhost html]# cd /etc/httpd/conf.d/
[root@localhost conf.d]# vim  httpd-vhosts.conf 	//修改配置文件
<VirtualHost 192.168.111.135:80>
    DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/zhuawawaji"
    ServerName www.zhuawawaji.com
    ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/www.zhuawawaji.com-error_log"
    CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/www.zhuawawaji.com-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>

listen 81
<VirtualHost 192.168.111.135:81>
    DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/doudizhu"
    ServerName www.doudizhu.com
    ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/www.doudizhu.com-error_log"
    CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/doudizhu.com-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>
[root@localhost conf.d]# httpd -t
Syntax OK
[root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl stop firewalld		//沒關閉防火牆需要關閉防火牆
[root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl restart httpd

查看效果

image

image

6.2 配置不同IP相同埠

[root@localhost conf.d]# ip addr add 192.168.111.140/24 dev ens33
[root@localhost conf.d]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:6d:53:62 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.111.135/24 brd 192.168.111.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft 1088sec preferred_lft 1088sec
    inet 192.168.111.140/24 scope global secondary ens33	//添加成功
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe6d:5362/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

<VirtualHost 192.168.111.135:80>
    DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/zhuawawaji"
    ServerName www.zhuawawaji.com
    ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/www.zhuawawaji.com-error_log"
    CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/www.zhuawawaji.com-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>
[root@localhost conf.d]# vim httpd-vhosts.conf 
<VirtualHost 192.168.111.140:80>
    DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/doudizhu"
    ServerName www.doudizhu.com
    ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/www.doudizhu.com-error_log"
    CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/doudizhu.com-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>
[root@localhost conf.d]# httpd -t
Syntax OK
[root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl restart httpd

查看效果

image

image

6.3 配置相同IP相同埠不同功能變數名稱

windows hosts文件位置:

C:\windows\system32\drivers\etc\下

image

打開方式選擇記事本

image

添加IP和功能變數名稱並保存

image

[root@localhost conf.d]# dnf -y install bind-utils
[root@localhost conf.d]# vim httpd-vhosts.conf 
<VirtualHost 192.168.111.135:80>
    DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/zhuawawaji"
    ServerName www.zhuawawaji.com
    ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/www.zhuawawaji.com-error_log"
    CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/www.zhuawawaji.com-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost 192.168.111.135:80>
    DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/doudizhu"
    ServerName www.doudizhu.com
    ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/www.doudizhu.com-error_log"
    CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/doudizhu.com-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>
[root@localhost conf.d]# httpd -t
Syntax OK
[root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl restart httpd

查看效果

image

image

6.4 添加訪問許可權

[root@localhost conf.d]# vim httpd-vhosts.conf 
<Directory /var/www/html/zhuawawaji>
    <RequireAll>
        Require not ip 192.168.111.1
        Require all granted
    </RequireAll>
</Directory>
[root@localhost conf.d]# httpd -t
Syntax OK
[root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl restart httpd

查看效果

image

7.配置https

7.1 安裝ssl安全模塊

[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y install mod_ssl
Last metadata expiration check: 0:36:22 ago on Sat 23 Jul 2022 03:23:44 PM CST.
Dependencies resolved.
===========================================================================================================================
 Package             Architecture       Version                                                Repository             Size
===========================================================================================================================
Installing:
 mod_ssl             x86_64             1:2.4.37-43.module_el8.5.0+1022+b541f3b1               AppStream             136 k
Installing dependencies:
 sscg                x86_64             2.3.3-14.el8                                           AppStream              49 k

Transaction Summary
===========================================================================================================================
Install  2 Packages

Total download size: 185 k
Installed size: 364 k
Downloading Packages:
(1/2): sscg-2.3.3-14.el8.x86_64.rpm                                                        109 kB/s |  49 kB     00:00    
(2/2): mod_ssl-2.4.37-43.module_el8.5.0+1022+b541f3b1.x86_64.rpm                           205 kB/s | 136 kB     00:00    
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                      279 kB/s | 185 kB     00:00     
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                                                                   1/1 
  Installing       : sscg-2.3.3-14.el8.x86_64                                                                          1/2 
  Installing       : mod_ssl-1:2.4.37-43.module_el8.5.0+1022+b541f3b1.x86_64                                           2/2 
  Running scriptlet: mod_ssl-1:2.4.37-43.module_el8.5.0+1022+b541f3b1.x86_64                                           2/2 
  Verifying        : mod_ssl-1:2.4.37-43.module_el8.5.0+1022+b541f3b1.x86_64                                           1/2 
  Verifying        : sscg-2.3.3-14.el8.x86_64                                                                          2/2 

Installed:
  mod_ssl-1:2.4.37-43.module_el8.5.0+1022+b541f3b1.x86_64                     sscg-2.3.3-14.el8.x86_64                    

Complete!
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@localhost ~]# httpd -M | grep ssl
 ssl_module (shared)

7.2 CA生成一對密鑰

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/pki/
[root@localhost pki]# ls
ca-trust  java  rpm-gpg  rsyslog  tls
[root@localhost pki]# mkdir CA
[root@localhost pki]# cd CA/
[root@localhost CA]# pwd
/etc/pki/CA
[root@localhost CA]# mkdir private
[root@localhost CA]# (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out private/cakey.pem 2048)
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus (2 primes)
..................................................+++++
...................+++++
e is 65537 (0x010001)
[root@localhost CA]# openssl rsa -in private/cakey.pem -pubout
writing RSA key
-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEA4Rk5ctGrccaHpgdm9luZ
ZKnskqUCjEVby2ftNgPiiPfvXaXZTVtydngnc8KJM3vUj+Ci2FlxTV28xiz+MTQJ
73M1eDwV4KG0Fh6H+vt9G7HPLpjt66vPPfQBnyjbUgxOL1rhRVeLRi86x9EV5NMF
dhxjXk30dCbeluz+EXLnVjf2mYDDeF43ShngME56D1qU70+iJkopnV5AB1XkKEKw
SmK13IHc/h1TfaoSuwHw8vNSJanz8Wk5vVG8uyJUDFCPg/eMuj59sSJue+1xZRkr
vjbA6g7hkY5BIhSJiuv7yzmpHsEj4lD0et0c9+xgZCy21mkVlAcoQPe0chKgM7O0
MQIDAQAB
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----

7.3 CA生成自簽署證書

[root@localhost CA]# openssl req -new -x509 -key private/cakey.pem -out cacert.pem -days 365
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:cn
State or Province Name (full name) []:hb
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:wh
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:runtime
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:peixun
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:www.doudizhu.com
Email Address []:[email protected]
[root@localhost CA]# openssl x509 -text -in cacert.pem
[root@localhost CA]# mkdir certs newcerts crl
[root@localhost CA]# touch index.txt && echo 01 > serial
[root@localhost CA]# ls
cacert.pem  certs  crl  index.txt  newcerts  private  serial
[root@localhost CA]# cat serial 
01

7.4 客戶端生成密鑰

[root@localhost CA]# cd /etc/httpd && mkdir ssl && cd ssl
[root@localhost ssl]# pwd
/etc/httpd/ssl
[root@localhost ssl]# (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out httpd.key 2048)
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus (2 primes)
...................................................................................+++++
..........................+++++
e is 65537 (0x010001)
[root@localhost ssl]# ls
httpd.key

7.5 客戶端生成證書簽署請求

[root@localhost ssl]# openssl req -new -key httpd.key -days 365 -out httpd.csr 
Ignoring -days; not generating a certificate
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:cn
State or Province Name (full name) []:hb
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:wu
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:runtime
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:peixun
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:www.duodizhu.com
Email Address []:[email protected]

Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:
An optional company name []:
[root@localhost ssl]# ls
httpd.csr  httpd.key

7.6 CA簽署客戶端提交上來的證書

[root@localhost ssl]# openssl ca -in ./httpd.csr -out httpd.crt -days 365
Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
Certificate Details:
        Serial Number: 1 (0x1)
        Validity
            Not Before: Jul 23 08:37:51 2022 GMT
            Not After : Jul 23 08:37:51 2023 GMT
        Subject:
            countryName               = cn
            stateOrProvinceName       = hb
            organizationName          = runtime
            organizationalUnitName    = peixun
            commonName                = www.duodizhu.com
            emailAddress              = [email protected]
        X509v3 extensions:
            X509v3 Basic Constraints: 
                CA:FALSE
            Netscape Comment: 
                OpenSSL Generated Certificate
            X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: 
                27:23:14:CB:51:6C:E0:8E:D8:8C:B1:D2:EF:BB:62:1F:EB:A1:97:E5
            X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: 
                keyid:C8:13:CA:71:2C:58:9B:16:6B:84:4F:71:41:9C:FA:B9:19:49:25:76

Certificate is to be certified until Jul 23 08:37:51 2023 GMT (365 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y


1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated
[root@localhost ssl]# ls
httpd.crt  httpd.csr  httpd.key

7.7 修改ssl.conf配置文件

[root@localhost ssl]# pwd
/etc/httpd/ssl
[root@localhost ssl]# cd /etc/httpd/conf.d/
[root@localhost conf.d]# ls
autoindex.conf  httpd-vhosts.conf  README  ssl.conf  userdir.conf  welcome.conf
[root@localhost conf.d]# vim ssl.conf 	

<VirtualHost _default_:443>

# General setup for the virtual host, inherited from global configuration
DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/zhuawawaji"		
ServerName www.zhuawawaji.com:443

SSLCertificateFile /etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.crt		//修改位置
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.key	//修改位置
[root@localhost conf.d]# httpd -t
Syntax OK
[root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@localhost conf.d]# ss -anlt | grep 443
LISTEN 0      128                *:443             *:*          

7.8 查看效果

image

image

image


您的分享是我們最大的動力!

-Advertisement-
Play Games
更多相關文章
  • 想要在Home Assistant中通過智能遙控發送紅外信號控制空調需有兩個步驟: 一、智能遙控接入Home Assistant; 二、Home Assistant將紅外信號數據發往智能遙控,智能遙控收到後發送對應紅外信號; 下麵將詳細介紹這兩個流程,為了減少字數以下Home Assistant會簡 ...
  • Final Cut Pro for Mac 是Mac系統平臺上一款由蘋果公司開發專業視頻非線性編輯器,Final Cut Pro 帶來創新功能,讓剪接師能夠製作精美的追蹤動態圖像,並可編輯iPhone 13 及iPhone 13 Pro 上以「電影效果」模式拍攝的影片。 詳情:Final Cut P ...
  • 1、Linux簡介 1.1、什麼是Linux Linux是一套免費使用和自由傳播的操作系統。 1.2、學習Linux的原因 1.2.1、企業用人要求 在現如今的時代中,越來越多的IT崗位都提到了要有Linux操作系統的經驗。 這是因為**Linux操作系統提供了很多穩定的發行版本,廣泛的應用在我們各 ...
  • 基礎知識 linux系統的組成 內核(kerner) 根文件系統(rootfs) 內核提供操作系統的功能,根文件系統包含常用的一些工具,這些工具。這些工具的運行離不開glibc庫文件。 程式:二進位程式文件 庫:庫是函數的集合,用來實現介面調用等功能。程式的運行依賴這些庫文件 Linux內核的功能: ...
  • 簡介 這裡說的TCP協議調試定義是在開髮長連接TCP協議應用時,為了驗證代碼流程或查找bug,需要與對端交互數據過來,當需要時可以暫停發送;單條發送;跳過發送;正常發送;發送時修改數據等。 TcpEngine提供的解決方案是:我們前端應用和後端應用網路通信時,先經過TcpEngine轉發,在轉發過程 ...
  • 喜歡收集和整理數字音樂的朋友們快來看啦!今天為大家帶來的是數字音樂收藏庫:Bliss mac版,這是一款專業組織數字音樂軟體,Elsten Software Bliss中文版下載評估您的音樂收藏是否符合您配置的規則,然後它修複問題或要求您確認修複。專輯圖稿自動下載,整理。Bliss mac版是一個簡 ...
  • HE琥珀虛顏破解自由安裝程式教程(001) 前言 自從狗尾草跑路後,HE琥珀就沒法用了,當前APP還沒法破解,但是筆者找到了HE琥珀存在的一些漏洞,可以實現安裝自己的APP。 所需工具 | 所需工具 | | | | : | | 1. | OTG線 | | 2. | 鍵鼠 | | 3. | 電腦等智能 ...
  • 4K TokKit是一款跨平臺的桌面應用程式,用於大規模TikTok視頻下載。它使您能夠備份TikTok帳戶,保存來自其他TikTok配置文件和哈希標記的視頻。此應用程式非常適合那些想要創建最喜愛的短片段的數字畫廊、一次抓取多個TikTok視頻以及自動從各種TikTok創建者和主題下載新內容的人。 ...
一周排行
    -Advertisement-
    Play Games
  • 移動開發(一):使用.NET MAUI開發第一個安卓APP 對於工作多年的C#程式員來說,近來想嘗試開發一款安卓APP,考慮了很久最終選擇使用.NET MAUI這個微軟官方的框架來嘗試體驗開發安卓APP,畢竟是使用Visual Studio開發工具,使用起來也比較的順手,結合微軟官方的教程進行了安卓 ...
  • 前言 QuestPDF 是一個開源 .NET 庫,用於生成 PDF 文檔。使用了C# Fluent API方式可簡化開發、減少錯誤並提高工作效率。利用它可以輕鬆生成 PDF 報告、發票、導出文件等。 項目介紹 QuestPDF 是一個革命性的開源 .NET 庫,它徹底改變了我們生成 PDF 文檔的方 ...
  • 項目地址 項目後端地址: https://github.com/ZyPLJ/ZYTteeHole 項目前端頁面地址: ZyPLJ/TreeHoleVue (github.com) https://github.com/ZyPLJ/TreeHoleVue 目前項目測試訪問地址: http://tree ...
  • 話不多說,直接開乾 一.下載 1.官方鏈接下載: https://www.microsoft.com/zh-cn/sql-server/sql-server-downloads 2.在下載目錄中找到下麵這個小的安裝包 SQL2022-SSEI-Dev.exe,運行開始下載SQL server; 二. ...
  • 前言 隨著物聯網(IoT)技術的迅猛發展,MQTT(消息隊列遙測傳輸)協議憑藉其輕量級和高效性,已成為眾多物聯網應用的首選通信標準。 MQTTnet 作為一個高性能的 .NET 開源庫,為 .NET 平臺上的 MQTT 客戶端與伺服器開發提供了強大的支持。 本文將全面介紹 MQTTnet 的核心功能 ...
  • Serilog支持多種接收器用於日誌存儲,增強器用於添加屬性,LogContext管理動態屬性,支持多種輸出格式包括純文本、JSON及ExpressionTemplate。還提供了自定義格式化選項,適用於不同需求。 ...
  • 目錄簡介獲取 HTML 文檔解析 HTML 文檔測試參考文章 簡介 動態內容網站使用 JavaScript 腳本動態檢索和渲染數據,爬取信息時需要模擬瀏覽器行為,否則獲取到的源碼基本是空的。 本文使用的爬取步驟如下: 使用 Selenium 獲取渲染後的 HTML 文檔 使用 HtmlAgility ...
  • 1.前言 什麼是熱更新 游戲或者軟體更新時,無需重新下載客戶端進行安裝,而是在應用程式啟動的情況下,在內部進行資源或者代碼更新 Unity目前常用熱更新解決方案 HybridCLR,Xlua,ILRuntime等 Unity目前常用資源管理解決方案 AssetBundles,Addressable, ...
  • 本文章主要是在C# ASP.NET Core Web API框架實現向手機發送驗證碼簡訊功能。這裡我選擇是一個互億無線簡訊驗證碼平臺,其實像阿裡雲,騰訊雲上面也可以。 首先我們先去 互億無線 https://www.ihuyi.com/api/sms.html 去註冊一個賬號 註冊完成賬號後,它會送 ...
  • 通過以下方式可以高效,並保證數據同步的可靠性 1.API設計 使用RESTful設計,確保API端點明確,並使用適當的HTTP方法(如POST用於創建,PUT用於更新)。 設計清晰的請求和響應模型,以確保客戶端能夠理解預期格式。 2.數據驗證 在伺服器端進行嚴格的數據驗證,確保接收到的數據符合預期格 ...