鏡像下載、功能變數名稱解析、時間同步請點擊 阿裡雲開源鏡像站 1. 伺服器要求: 建議最小硬體配置:2核CPU、2G記憶體、20G硬碟 伺服器最好可以訪問外網,會有從網上拉取鏡像需求,如果伺服器不能上網,需要提前下載對應鏡像並導入節點 1.1 軟體環境: 1.2 伺服器規劃: 1.3 架構圖: 2. 操作系統 ...
鏡像下載、功能變數名稱解析、時間同步請點擊 阿裡雲開源鏡像站
1. 伺服器要求:
- 建議最小硬體配置:2核CPU、2G記憶體、20G硬碟
- 伺服器最好可以訪問外網,會有從網上拉取鏡像需求,如果伺服器不能上網,需要提前下載對應鏡像並導入節點
1.1 軟體環境:
1.2 伺服器規劃:
1.3 架構圖:
2. 操作系統初始化配置
# 關閉防火牆
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
# 關閉selinux
sed -i '/^SELINUX/s/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config # 永久
setenforce 0 # 臨時
# 關閉swap
swapoff -a # 臨時
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab # 永久
# 根據規劃設置主機名
hostnamectl set-hostname <hostname>
# 在master添加hosts
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.137.81 k8s-master1
192.168.137.82 k8s-node1
192.168.137.83 k8s-node2
EOF
# 將橋接的IPv4流量傳遞到iptables的鏈
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sysctl --system # 生效
# 時間同步
yum install ntpdate -y
ntpdate time.windows.com
3. 安裝Docker/kubeadm/kubelet [所有節點]
這裡使用Docker作為容器引擎,也可以換成別的,例如containerd
3.1 安裝Docker
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
yum -y install docker-ce
systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker
3.2 配置鏡像下載加速器
sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://v27k018o.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker
3.3 添加阿裡雲YUM軟體源
cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
3.4 安裝kubeadm,kubelet,kubectl
指定需安裝版本號進行部署
yum install -y kubelet-1.20.0 kubeadm-1.20.0 kubectl-1.20.0
systemctl enable kubelet
4. 部署Kubernetes Master
在192.168.137.81(Master)執行
kubeadm init \
--apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.137.81 \
--image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
--kubernetes-version v1.20.0 \
--service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 \
--pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \
--ignore-preflight-errors=all
- --apiserver-advertise-address 集群通告地址
- --image-repository 由於預設拉取鏡像地址k8s.gcr.io國內無法訪問,這裡指定阿裡雲鏡像倉庫地址
- --kubernetes-version K8s版本,與上面安裝的一致
- --service-cidr 集群內部虛擬網路,Pod統一訪問入口
- --pod-network-cidr Pod網路,與下麵部署的CNI網路組件yaml中保持一致
或者使用配置文件引導:
# cat kubeadm.conf
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: v1.20.0
imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
networking:
podSubnet: 10.244.0.0/16
serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12
# kubeadm init --config kubeadm.conf --ignore-preflight-errors=all
初始化完成後,最後會輸出一個join命令,先記住,下麵用。
Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!
To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:
export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
kubeadm join 192.168.137.81:6443 --token tix7ff.pnjcwvl6awyaeh8i \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:617842ea5040ce5e7f971d387b58693cbfa79261763b68c589fe8d124f1a5154
拷貝kubectl使用的連接k8s認證文件到預設路徑:
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
查看工作節點:
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master1 NotReady control-plane,master 95s v1.20.0
註:由於網路插件還沒有部署,還沒有準備就緒 NotReady
5. 加入Kubernetes Node節點
在192.168.137.82/83 (Node) 執行 向集群添加新節點,執行在kubeadm init輸出的kubeadm join命令:
kubeadm join 192.168.137.81:6443 --token tix7ff.pnjcwvl6awyaeh8i \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:617842ea5040ce5e7f971d387b58693cbfa79261763b68c589fe8d124f1a5154
預設token有效期為24小時,當過期之後,該token就不可用了。這時就需要重新創建token,可以直接使用命令快捷生成:
kubeadm token create --print-join-command
參考資料:https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-join/
6. 部署容器網路(CNI)
Calico是一個純三層的數據中心網路方案,是目前Kubernetes主流的網路方案。 下載YAML:
wget https://docs.projectcalico.org/manifests/calico.yaml
下載完後還需要修改裡面定義Pod網路(CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR),與前面kubeadm init的 --pod-network-cidr指定的一樣。 修改完後文件後,部署:
kubectl apply -f calico.yaml
kubectl get pods -n kube-system
等Calico Pod都Running,節點也會準備就緒:
[root@k8s-master <sub>]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
calico-kube-controllers-5f6cfd688c-4hfmv 1/1 Running 0 2m37s
calico-node-8swrp 1/1 Running 0 2m37s
calico-node-nv96p 1/1 Running 0 2m37s
calico-node-s2vl6 1/1 Running 0 2m37s
coredns-7f89b7bc75-7nzm8 0/1 Running 0 22m
coredns-7f89b7bc75-9c46c 0/1 Running 0 22m
etcd-k8s-master1 1/1 Running 0 22m
kube-apiserver-k8s-master1 1/1 Running 0 22m
kube-controller-manager-k8s-master1 1/1 Running 0 22m
kube-proxy-clc6k 1/1 Running 0 18m
kube-proxy-dvlvr 1/1 Running 0 22m
kube-proxy-jr6hm 1/1 Running 0 18m
kube-scheduler-k8s-master1 1/1 Running 0 22m
[root@k8s-master </sub>]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master1 Ready control-plane,master 23m v1.20.0
k8s-node1 Ready <none> 18m v1.20.0
k8s-node2 Ready <none> 18m v1.20.0
7. 測試kubernetes集群
在Kubernetes集群中創建一個pod,驗證是否正常運行:
kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx
kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort
kubectl get pod,svc
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pod,svc
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/nginx-6799fc88d8-nkzk6 1/1 Running 0 6m51s
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 32m
service/nginx NodePort 10.108.121.252 <none> 80:30167/TCP 6m2s
訪問地址:http://NodeIP:Port
8. 部署Dashboard
Dashboard是官方提供的一個UI,可用於基本管理K8s資源。
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.3/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
預設Dashboard只能集群內部訪問,修改Service為NodePort類型,暴露到外部:
# vi recommended.yaml
...
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
ports:
- port: 443
targetPort: 8443
nodePort: 30001
selector:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
type: NodePort
...
# kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml
# kubectl get pods -n kubernetes-dashboard
訪問地址:https://NodeIP:30001 創建service account並綁定預設cluster-admin管理員集群角色:
# 創建用戶
$ kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kube-system
# 用戶授權
$ kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-admin
# 獲取用戶Token
$ kubectl describe secrets -n kube-system $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | awk '/dashboard-admin/{print $1}')
使用輸出的token登錄Dashboard。
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl describe secrets -n kube-system $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | awk '/dashboard-admin/{print $1}')
Name: dashboard-admin-token-cgmld
Namespace: kube-system
Labels: <none>
Annotations: kubernetes.io/service-account.name: dashboard-admin
kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: 3208e176-5115-4425-bb67-d45863bc05f7
Type: kubernetes.io/service-account-token
Data
====
ca.crt: 1066 bytes
namespace: 11 bytes
token: eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IlBnN2lzMk8zYndPX3ZONnc0cnFnRjhsVnczOTVlNGxXSDl4c1Z0OGtmNDAifQ.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.DY9SLeakUzVUqUHLJjLuaBtv0EOj6l-zsCfmzKTtsiTkaX39bGpLInToKuSpbXHYAmkpCvoZH22ghmOds3LFgvQBCIt6M83rrL83aPzhDjAKtPtPkz9vJGR7K5LnfrB9AX5dVhiU_AkaVIBIFcqTxVlFpl6W1EzTc0uJDM7K8Gr2XnPvRfUMe8WaEWR7tVxMEEhPhP2waEYmcc5uFz5unI_g6lTMYRJnhZCjfqh7lS9NA_8WgmoQnQjxW4cYAsqrdCzbroTEMCslH_pCj-PZNxf7mKVXZwklYL78t8klU_AytuhdaV88iRR3HEuBMYLbfJjy6RLkyt_ORweaXb8npg
本文轉自:https://blog.51cto.com/wemux/5354074