2020-06-09 19:31:01 一、疑問 前段時間;QQ群里有人對“這個表(0,4)這行數據我做了update操作,查看索引的page數據,看到索引一直指向(0,4),用ctid='(0,4)'查詢業務表是查不到數據的;然後我做了表的vacuum,reindex甚至drop/create i ...
postgres=# create table tbl_hot(id int primary key, info text); CREATE TABLE postgres=# insert into tbl_hot select generate_series(1, 4), 'lottu'; INSERT 0 4 postgres=# select ctid ,t.* from tbl_hot t; ctid | id | info -------+----+------- (0,1) | 1 | lottu (0,2) | 2 | lottu (0,3) | 3 | lottu (0,4) | 4 | lottu (4 rows) postgres=# \d tbl_hot Table "public.tbl_hot" Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default --------+---------+-----------+----------+--------- id | integer | | not null | info | text | | | Indexes: "tbl_hot_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)
postgres=# update tbl_hot set info = 'rax' where id = 4; UPDATE 1 postgres=# select ctid ,t.* from tbl_hot t; ctid | id | info -------+----+------- (0,1) | 1 | lottu (0,2) | 2 | lottu (0,3) | 3 | lottu (0,5) | 4 | rax (4 rows)
postgres=# select * from bt_page_items('tbl_hot_pkey', 1); itemoffset | ctid | itemlen | nulls | vars | data ------------+-------+---------+-------+------+------------------------- 1 | (0,1) | 16 | f | f | 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 2 | (0,2) | 16 | f | f | 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 3 | (0,3) | 16 | f | f | 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 4 | (0,4) | 16 | f | f | 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 (4 rows)
bt_page_items函數是用來:返回關於B-樹索引頁面上所有項的詳細信息,在B樹葉子頁面中,ctid指向一個堆元組。在內部頁面中,ctid的塊編號部分指向索引本身中的另一個頁面。
postgres=# explain select id from tbl_hot where id = 4; QUERY PLAN --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Index Only Scan using tbl_hot_pkey on tbl_hot (cost=0.15..8.17 rows=1 width=4) Index Cond: (id = 4) (2 rows)
get_raw_page: 根據參數表明、數據文件類型(main、fsm、vm)以及page位置,將當前表文件中的page內容返回。還有一個函數於此同名,只有兩個參數,是將第二個參數省略,直接使用'main'。 heap_page_items: 參數是函數get_raw_page的返回值,返回值是將page內的項指針(ItemIddata)以及HeapTupleHeaderData的詳細信息。 其中理解下下麵欄位含義 lp:這是插件自己定義的列,在源碼中其實沒有,這個是項指針的順序。 lp_off:tuple在page中的位置 lp_flags: 含義如下 #define LP_UNUSED 0 /* unused (should always have lp_len=0) */ #define LP_NORMAL 1 /* used (should always have lp_len>0) */ #define LP_REDIRECT 2 /* HOT redirect (should have lp_len=0) */ #define LP_DEAD 3 /* dead, may or may not have storage */ t_ctid: 這個是指物理ID t_infomask2:表欄位的個數以及一些flags;其中flag含義 #define HEAP_NATTS_MASK 0x07FF /* 11 bits for number of attributes *//* bits 0x1800 are available */ #define HEAP_KEYS_UPDATED 0x2000 /* tuple was updated and key cols* modified, or tuple deleted */ #define HEAP_HOT_UPDATED 0x4000 /* tuple was HOT-updated */ #define HEAP_ONLY_TUPLE 0x8000 /* this is heap-only tuple */ #define HEAP2_XACT_MASK 0xE000 /* visibility-related bits */
postgres=# select * from heap_page_items(get_raw_page('tbl_hot', 0)); lp | lp_off | lp_flags | lp_len | t_xmin | t_xmax | t_field3 | t_ctid | t_infomask2 | t_infomask | t_hoff | t_bits | t_oid | t_data ----+--------+----------+--------+--------+--------+----------+--------+-------------+------------+--------+--------+-------+------------------------ 1 | 8152 | 1 | 34 | 554 | 0 | 0 | (0,1) | 2 | 2306 | 24 | | | \x010000000d6c6f747475 2 | 8112 | 1 | 34 | 554 | 0 | 0 | (0,2) | 2 | 2306 | 24 | | | \x020000000d6c6f747475 3 | 8072 | 1 | 34 | 554 | 0 | 0 | (0,3) | 2 | 2306 | 24 | | | \x030000000d6c6f747475 4 | 8032 | 1 | 34 | 554 | 555 | 0 | (0,5) | 16386 | 1282 | 24 | | | \x040000000d6c6f747475 5 | 8000 | 1 | 32 | 555 | 0 | 0 | (0,5) | 32770 | 10498 | 24 | | | \x0400000009726178 (5 rows)
postgres=# vacuum tbl_hot; VACUUM postgres=# select lp, lp_off, lp_flags, t_ctid, t_infomask2 from heap_page_items(get_raw_page('tbl_hot', 0)); lp | lp_off | lp_flags | t_ctid | t_infomask2 ----+--------+----------+--------+------------- 1 | 8152 | 1 | (0,1) | 2 2 | 8112 | 1 | (0,2) | 2 3 | 8072 | 1 | (0,3) | 2 4 | 5 | 2 | | 5 | 8040 | 1 | (0,5) | 32770 (5 rows)
postgres=# update tbl_hot set info = 'postgres' where id = 4; UPDATE 1 postgres=# select lp, lp_off, lp_flags, t_ctid, t_infomask2 from heap_page_items(get_raw_page('tbl_hot', 0)); lp | lp_off | lp_flags | t_ctid | t_infomask2 ----+--------+----------+--------+------------- 1 | 8152 | 1 | (0,1) | 2 2 | 8112 | 1 | (0,2) | 2 3 | 8072 | 1 | (0,3) | 2 4 | 5 | 2 | | 5 | 8040 | 1 | (0,6) | 49154 6 | 8000 | 1 | (0,6) | 32770 (6 rows) postgres=# vacuum tbl_hot; VACUUM postgres=# select lp, lp_off, lp_flags, t_ctid, t_infomask2 from heap_page_items(get_raw_page('tbl_hot', 0)); lp | lp_off | lp_flags | t_ctid | t_infomask2 ----+--------+----------+--------+------------- 1 | 8152 | 1 | (0,1) | 2 2 | 8112 | 1 | (0,2) | 2 3 | 8072 | 1 | (0,3) | 2 4 | 6 | 2 | | 5 | 0 | 0 | | 6 | 8032 | 1 | (0,6) | 32770 (6 rows) postgres=# select ctid,t.* from tbl_hot t; ctid | id | info -------+----+---------- (0,1) | 1 | lottu (0,2) | 2 | lottu (0,3) | 3 | lottu (0,5) | 5 | lottu (0,6) | 4 | postgres (5 rows)
https://blog.csdn.net/xiaohai928ww/article/details/98603707
https://www.postgresql.org/docs/12/pageinspect.html