1.web.xml 配置: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 <span style="font-size: 15px;"><servlet> <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org. ...
1.web.xml 配置:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 |
<span style= "font-size: 15px;" ><servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
<servlet- class >org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet- class >
<init-param>
<description>載入/WEB-INF/spring-mvc/目錄下的所有XML作為Spring MVC的配置文件</description>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/spring-mvc/*.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load- on -startup>1</load- on -startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.htm</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</span>
|
這樣,所有的.htm的請求,都會被DispatcherServlet處理;
初始化 DispatcherServlet 時,該框架在 web 應用程式WEB-INF 目錄中尋找一個名為[servlet-名稱]-servlet.xml的文件,併在那裡定義相關的Beans,重寫在全局中定義的任何Beans,像上面的web.xml中的代碼,對應的是dispatcher-servlet.xml;當然也可以使用<init-param>元素,手動指定配置文件的路徑;dispatcher-servlet.xml 配置:
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 3 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 4 xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" 5 xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" 6 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 7 xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 8 xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" 9 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 10 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd 11 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 12 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd 13 http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop 14 http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd 15 http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx 16 http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd 17 http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc 18 http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd 19 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 20 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd"> 21 <!-- 22 使Spring支持自動檢測組件,如註解的Controller 23 --> 24 <context:component-scan base-package="com.minx.crm.web.controller"/> 25 26 <bean id="viewResolver" 27 class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" 28 p:prefix="/WEB-INF/jsp/" 29 p:suffix=".jsp" /> 30 </beans>
2.spring mvc處理方法支持如下的返回方式:ModelAndView, Model, ModelMap, Map,View, String, void
ModelAndView
- @RequestMapping("/show1")
- public ModelAndView show1(HttpServletRequest request,
- HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
- ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView("/demo2/show");
- mav.addObject("account", "account -1");
- return mav;
- }
通過ModelAndView構造方法可以指定返回的頁面名稱,也可以通過setViewName()方法跳轉到指定的頁面 , 使用addObject()設置需要返回的值,addObject()有幾個不同參數的方法,可以預設和指定返回對象的名字。 調用addObject()方法將值設置到一個名為ModelMap的類屬性,ModelMap是LinkedHashMap的子類, 具體請看類。
Model 是一個介面, 其實現類為ExtendedModelMap,繼承了ModelMap類。
model.addAttribute("pojo", pojo);
Map
- @RequestMapping("/demo2/show")
- public Map<String, String> getMap() {
- Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
- map.put("key1", "value-1");
- map.put("key2", "value-2");
- return map;
- }
在jsp頁面中可直通過${key1}獲得到值, map.put()相當於request.setAttribute方法。 寫例子時發現,key值包括 - . 時會有問題.
View 可以返回pdf excel等,暫時沒詳細瞭解。
String 指定返回的視圖頁面名稱,結合設置的返回地址路徑加上頁面名稱尾碼即可訪問到。
註意:如果方法聲明瞭註解@ResponseBody ,則會直接將返回值輸出到頁面。 例如:
- @RequestMapping(value = "/something", method = RequestMethod.GET)
- @ResponseBody
- public String helloWorld() {
- return"Hello World";
- }
上面的結果會將文本"Hello World "直接寫到http響應流。
- @RequestMapping("/welcome")
- public String welcomeHandler() {
- return"center";
- }
對應的邏輯視圖名為“center”,URL= prefix首碼+視圖名稱 +suffix尾碼組成。
void 如果返回值為空,則響應的視圖頁面對應為訪問地址
- @RequestMapping("/welcome")
- publicvoid welcomeHandler() {}
此例對應的邏輯視圖名為"welcome"。
小結:
1.使用 String 作為請求處理方法的返回值類型是比較通用的方法,這樣返回的邏輯視圖名不會和請求 URL 綁定,具有很大的靈活性,而模型數據又可以通過 ModelMap 控制。 2.使用void,map,Model 時,返回對應的邏輯視圖名稱真實url為:prefix首碼+視圖名稱 +suffix尾碼組成。 3.使用String,ModelAndView返回視圖名稱可以不受請求的url綁定,ModelAndView可以設置返回的視圖名稱。
Model model,HttpServletRequest request, ModelMap map聲明變數
request.getSession().setAttribute("test", "haiwei2Session"); request.setAttribute("test", "haiwei1request"); map.addAttribute("test", "haiweiModelMap"); model.addAttribute("test", "haiweiModel");
我通過${test}這個方式取值,優先取Model和ModelMap的,Model和ModelMap是同一個東西,誰最後賦值的就取誰的,然後是request,最後是從session中獲取
第一個Controller:
- package com.minx.crm.web.controller;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
- @Controller
- public class IndexController {
- @RequestMapping("/index")
- public String index() {
- return "index";
- }
- }
package com.minx.crm.web.controller; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; @Controller public class IndexController { @RequestMapping("/index") public String index() { return "index"; } }
@Controller註解標識一個控制器,@RequestMapping註解標記一個訪問的路徑(/index.htm),return "index"標記返回視圖(index.jsp);
註:如果@RequestMapping註解在類級別上,則表示一相對路徑,在方法級別上,則標記訪問的路徑;
從@RequestMapping註解標記的訪問路徑中獲取參數:
Spring MVC 支持RESTful風格的URL參數,如:
- @Controller
- public class IndexController {
- @RequestMapping("/index/{username}")
- public String index(<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">@PathVariable</span>("username") String username) {
- System.out.print(username);
- return "index";
- }
- }
@Controller public class IndexController { @RequestMapping("/index/{username}") public String index(@PathVariable("username") String username) { System.out.print(username); return "index"; } }
在@RequestMapping中定義訪問頁面的URL模版,使用{}傳入頁面參數,使用@PathVariable 獲取傳入參數,即可通過地址:http://localhost:8080/crm/index/tanqimin.htm 訪問;
根據不同的Web請求方法,映射到不同的處理方法:
使用登陸頁面作示例,定義兩個方法分辨對使用GET請求和使用POST請求訪問login.htm時的響應。可以使用處理GET請求的方法顯示視圖,使用POST請求的方法處理業務邏輯;
- @Controller
- public class LoginController {
- @RequestMapping(value = "/login", method = RequestMethod.GET)
- public String login() {
- return "login";
- }
- @RequestMapping(value = "/login", method = RequestMethod.POST)
- public String login2(HttpServletRequest request) {
- String username = request.getParameter("username").trim();
- System.out.println(username);
- return "login2";
- }
- }
@Controller public class LoginController { @RequestMapping(value = "/login", method = RequestMethod.GET) public String login() { return "login"; } @RequestMapping(value = "/login", method = RequestMethod.POST) public String login2(HttpServletRequest request) { String username = request.getParameter("username").trim(); System.out.println(username); return "login2"; } }
在視圖頁面,通過地址欄訪問login.htm,是通過GET請求訪問頁面,因此,返回登陸表單視圖login.jsp;當在登陸表單中使用POST請求提交數據時,則訪問login2方法,處理登陸業務邏輯;
防止重覆提交數據,可以使用重定向視圖:
- return "redirect:/login2"
return "redirect:/login2"
可以傳入方法的參數類型:
- <strong>@RequestMapping(value = "login", method = RequestMethod.POST)
- public String testParam(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, HttpSession session) {
- String username = request.getParameter("username");
- System.out.println(username);
- return null;
- }</strong>
@RequestMapping(value = "login", method = RequestMethod.POST) public String testParam(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, HttpSession session) { String username = request.getParameter("username"); System.out.println(username); return null; }
可以傳入HttpServletRequest、HttpServletResponse、HttpSession,值得註意的是,如果第一次訪問頁面,HttpSession沒被創建,可能會出錯;
其中,String username = request.getParameter("username");可以轉換為傳入的參數:
- @RequestMapping(value = "login", method = RequestMethod.POST)
- public String testParam(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, HttpSession session,@RequestParam("username") String username) {
- String username = request.getParameter("username");
- System.out.println(username);
- return null;
- }
@RequestMapping(value = "login", method = RequestMethod.POST) public String testParam(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, HttpSession session,@RequestParam("username") String username) { String username = request.getParameter("username"); System.out.println(username); return null; }
使用@RequestParam 註解獲取GET請求或POST請求提交的參數;
獲取Cookie的值:使用@CookieValue :
獲取printwriter:
可以直接在Controller的方法中傳入PrintWriter對象,就可以在方法中使用:
- @RequestMapping(value = "login", method = RequestMethod.POST)
- public String testParam(PrintWriter out, <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">@RequestParam</span>("username") String username) {
- out.println(username);
- return null;
- }
@RequestMapping(value = "login", method = RequestMethod.POST) public String testParam(PrintWriter out, @RequestParam("username") String username) { out.println(username); return null; }
獲取表單中提交的值,並封裝到POJO中,傳入Controller的方法里:
POJO如下(User.java):
- public class User{
- private long id;
- private String username;
- private String password;
- …此處省略getter,setter...
- }
public class User{ private long id; private String username; private String password; …此處省略getter,setter... }
通過表單提交,直接可以把表單值封裝到User對象中:
- @RequestMapping(value = "login", method = RequestMethod.POST)
- public String testParam(PrintWriter out, User user) {
- out.println(user.getUsername());
- return null;
- }
@RequestMapping(value = "login", method = RequestMethod.POST) public String testParam(PrintWriter out, User user) { out.println(user.getUsername()); return null; }
可以把對象,put 入獲取的Map對象中,傳到對應的視圖:
- <strong>@RequestMapping(value = "login", method = RequestMethod.POST)
- public String testParam(User user, Map model) {
- model.put("user",user);
- return "view";
- }</strong>
@RequestMapping(value = "login", method = RequestMethod.POST) public String testParam(User user, Map model) { model.put("user",user); return "view"; }
在返回的view.jsp中,就可以根據key來獲取user的值(通過EL表達式,${user }即可);
Controller中方法的返回值:
void:多數用於使用PrintWriter輸出響應數據;
String 類型:返回該String對應的View Name;
任意類型對象:
返回ModelAndView:
自定義視圖(JstlView,ExcelView):
攔截器(Inteceptors):
- <strong>public class MyInteceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
- public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object o)
- throws Exception {
- return false;
- }
- public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object o, ModelAndView mav)
- throws Exception {
- }
- public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object o, Exception excptn)
- throws Exception {
- }
- }</strong>
public class MyInteceptor implements HandlerInterceptor { public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object o) throws Exception { return false; } public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object o, ModelAndView mav) throws Exception { } public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object o, Exception excptn) throws Exception { } }
攔截器需要實現HandleInterceptor介面,並實現其三個方法:
preHandle:攔截器的前端,執行控制器之前所要處理的方法,通常用於許可權控制、日誌,其中,Object o表示下一個攔截器;
postHandle:控制器的方法已經執行完畢,轉換成視圖之前的處理;
afterCompletion:視圖已處理完後執行的方法,通常用於釋放資源;
在MVC的配置文件中,配置攔截器與需要攔截的URL:
- <mvc:interceptors>
- <mvc:interceptor>
- <mvc:mapping path="/index.htm" />
- <bean class="com.minx.crm.web.interceptor.MyInterceptor" />
- </mvc:interceptor>
- </mvc:interceptors>
<mvc:interceptors> <mvc:interceptor> <mvc:mapping path="/index.htm" /> <bean class="com.minx.crm.web.interceptor.MyInterceptor" /> </mvc:interceptor> </mvc:interceptors>
國際化:
在MVC配置文件中,配置國際化屬性文件:
- <bean id="messageSource"
- class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource"
- p:basename="message">
- </bean>
<bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource" p:basename="message"> </bean>
那麼,Spring就會在項目中搜索相關的國際化屬性文件,如:message.properties、message_zh_CN.properties
在VIEW中,引入Spring標簽:<%@taglib uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags" prefix="spring" %>,使用<spring:message code="key" />調用,即可;
如果一種語言,有多個語言文件,可以更改MVC配置文件為:
- <bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
- <property name="basenames">
- <list>
- <value>message01</value>
- <value>message02</value>
- <value>message03</value>
- </list>
- </property>
- </bean>