C#基於介面設計三層架構Unity篇

一、引言面向介面(抽象)編程，是為了降低程式的耦合度，符合依賴倒置原則。因此典型的三層架構UI、BLL、DAL基於介面設計後，會拓展成UI、IBLL、BLL、IDAL、DAL。在上一篇《C# IoC學習筆記》中我們可以瞭解到，控制反轉(IoC)使對象的創建交給了第三方IoC容器如Unity。利用U ...

一、引言

面向介面(抽象)編程，是為了降低程式的耦合度，符合依賴倒置原則。因此典型的三層架構UI、BLL、DAL基於介面設計後，會拓展成UI、IBLL、BLL、IDAL、DAL。在上一篇《C# IoC學習筆記》中我們可以瞭解到，控制反轉(IoC)使對象的創建交給了第三方IoC容器如Unity。利用Unity的IoC功能，可以對基於介面設計的三層架構做進一步的升級，搭建一個更容易實現的可配置可擴展的三層架構；利用Unity的AOP功能，使框架更加的簡潔，因為它抽出了框架的公共邏輯部分。

二、項目建立

2.1、項目建立

依次新建項目UI(Client)、IBLL、BLL、IDAL、DAL、Model、Common。

2.2項目說明

三、項目之間的引用關係

3.1、對著項目名稱右鍵->添加->引用->項目，添加各個項目的引用。

3.2、引用說明

四、項目需安裝的NuGet包

五、註意事項

對Unity容器的IoC調用進行封裝，Container應封裝成單例模式以提高效率，此處使用MemoryCache。

5.1、在Common項目引用System.Runtime.Caching.dll，併在Helper文件夾下新建一個緩存幫助類：MemoryCacheHelper.cs。

    /// <summary>
    /// 記憶體緩存幫助類，支持絕對過期時間、滑動過期時間、文件依賴三種緩存方式。
    /// </summary>
    class MemoryCacheHelper
    {
        private static readonly object _locker1 = new object(), _locker2 = new object();

        /// <summary>
        /// 取緩存項，如果不存在則返回空。
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
        /// <param name="key"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static T GetCacheItem<T>(string key)
        {
            try
            {
                return (T)MemoryCache.Default[key];
            }
            catch
            {
                return default(T);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 是否包含指定鍵的緩存項
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="key"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static bool Contains(string key)
        {
            return MemoryCache.Default.Contains(key);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 取緩存項，如果不存在則新增緩存項。
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
        /// <param name="key"></param>
        /// <param name="cachePopulate"></param>
        /// <param name="slidingExpiration"></param>
        /// <param name="absoluteExpiration"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static T GetOrAddCacheItem<T>(string key, Func<T> cachePopulate, TimeSpan? slidingExpiration = null, DateTime? absoluteExpiration = null)
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(key)) throw new ArgumentException("Invalid cache key");
            if (cachePopulate == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("cachePopulate");
            if (slidingExpiration == null && absoluteExpiration == null) throw new ArgumentException("Either a sliding expiration or absolute must be provided");

            if (MemoryCache.Default[key] == null)
            {
                lock (_locker1)
                {
                    if (MemoryCache.Default[key] == null)
                    {
                        T cacheValue = cachePopulate();
                        if (!typeof(T).IsValueType && cacheValue == null)   //如果是引用類型且為NULL則不存緩存
                        {
                            return cacheValue;
                        }

                        var item = new CacheItem(key, cacheValue);
                        var policy = CreatePolicy(slidingExpiration, absoluteExpiration);

                        MemoryCache.Default.Add(item, policy);
                    }
                }
            }

            return (T)MemoryCache.Default[key];
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 取緩存項，如果不存在則新增緩存項。
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
        /// <param name="key"></param>
        /// <param name="cachePopulate"></param>
        /// <param name="dependencyFilePath"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static T GetOrAddCacheItem<T>(string key, Func<T> cachePopulate, string dependencyFilePath)
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(key)) throw new ArgumentException("Invalid cache key");
            if (cachePopulate == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("cachePopulate");

            if (MemoryCache.Default[key] == null)
            {
                lock (_locker2)
                {
                    if (MemoryCache.Default[key] == null)
                    {
                        T cacheValue = cachePopulate();
                        if (!typeof(T).IsValueType && cacheValue == null)   //如果是引用類型且為NULL則不存緩存
                        {
                            return cacheValue;
                        }

                        var item = new CacheItem(key, cacheValue);
                        var policy = CreatePolicy(dependencyFilePath);

                        MemoryCache.Default.Add(item, policy);
                    }
                }
            }

            return (T)MemoryCache.Default[key];
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 指定緩存項的一組逐出和過期詳細信息
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="slidingExpiration"></param>
        /// <param name="absoluteExpiration"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private static CacheItemPolicy CreatePolicy(TimeSpan? slidingExpiration, DateTime? absoluteExpiration)
        {
            var policy = new CacheItemPolicy();

            if (absoluteExpiration.HasValue)
            {
                policy.AbsoluteExpiration = absoluteExpiration.Value;
            }
            else if (slidingExpiration.HasValue)
            {
                policy.SlidingExpiration = slidingExpiration.Value;
            }

            policy.Priority = CacheItemPriority.Default;

            return policy;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 指定緩存項的一組逐出和過期詳細信息
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="filePath"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private static CacheItemPolicy CreatePolicy(string filePath)
        {
            CacheItemPolicy policy = new CacheItemPolicy();
            policy.ChangeMonitors.Add(new HostFileChangeMonitor(new List<string>() { filePath }));
            policy.Priority = CacheItemPriority.Default;
            return policy;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 移除指定鍵的緩存項
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="key"></param>
        public static void RemoveCacheItem(string key)
        {
            if (Contains(key))
            {
                MemoryCache.Default.Remove(key);
            }
        }
    }

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5.2、在Common項目Helper文件夾下麵新建一個Unity幫助類：UnityHelper.cs，並實現Container的緩存。

    /// <summary>
    /// Unity容器幫助類
    /// </summary>
    public static class UnityHelper
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Unity容器創建對象(不含別名)
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="containerName">容器名稱</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static T GetObject<T>(string containerName)
        {
            IUnityContainer container = MemoryCacheHelper.GetOrAddCacheItem(containerName, () =>
            {
                IUnityContainer unityContainer = new UnityContainer();
                ExeConfigurationFileMap fileMap = new ExeConfigurationFileMap
                {
                    ExeConfigFilename = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory + @"ConfigFiles\Unity.config")
                };
                Configuration configuration = ConfigurationManager.OpenMappedExeConfiguration(fileMap, ConfigurationUserLevel.None);
                UnityConfigurationSection configSection = (UnityConfigurationSection)configuration.GetSection(UnityConfigurationSection.SectionName);
                configSection.Configure(unityContainer, containerName);
                return unityContainer;
            },TimeSpan.FromMinutes(30),null);
            
            return container.Resolve<T>();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Unity容器創建對象(含別名)
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
        /// <param name="containerName">容器名稱</param>
        /// <param name="alisName">對象別名</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static T GetObject<T>(string containerName, string alisName)
        {
            IUnityContainer container = MemoryCacheHelper.GetOrAddCacheItem(containerName, () =>
            {
                IUnityContainer unityContainer = new UnityContainer();
                ExeConfigurationFileMap fileMap = new ExeConfigurationFileMap
                {
                    ExeConfigFilename = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory + @"ConfigFiles\Unity.config")
                };
                Configuration configuration = ConfigurationManager.OpenMappedExeConfiguration(fileMap, ConfigurationUserLevel.None);
                UnityConfigurationSection configSection = (UnityConfigurationSection)configuration.GetSection(UnityConfigurationSection.SectionName);
                configSection.Configure(unityContainer, containerName);
                return unityContainer;
            }, TimeSpan.FromMinutes(30), null);

            return container.Resolve<T>(alisName);
        }
    }

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