在mac上使用tar.gz安裝mysql

官方：

• download: https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
• mysql參考文檔：https://dev.mysql.com/doc/

環境：

• macOS Mojave 10.14.2

用戶：

• 管理員用戶，期間沒有新建mysql用戶或組

安裝包：

• mysql-8.0.13-macos10.14-x86_64.tar.gz

安裝配置

1.解壓
下載的tar.gz解壓後，並移動到/usr/local/mysql，目錄結構如下：

$ pwd
/usr/local
$ tree mysql -L 1
mysql
├── LICENSE
├── LICENSE.router
├── README
├── README.router
├── bin
├── data
├── docs
├── include
├── lib
├── man
├── run
├── share
└── support-files

實際上是按照Unix目錄結構的規範，建議這麼做。
本人實際操作過程中，只是通過sudo ln -s ${MYSQL_HOME} /usr/local/mysql，創建了一個軟鏈接。
解壓命令：tar -xzvf ${filename}

2.修改許可權：sudo chown -R usr:group /usr/local/mysql

3.初始化

$ cd /usr/local/mysql
$ bin/mysqld --initialize --user=ephemerid --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
2019-01-20T05:50:19.601053Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /Workspaces/programfiles/mysql-8.0.13-macos10.14-x86_64/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.13) initializing of server in progress as process 1045
2019-01-20T05:50:19.603274Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010159] [Server] Setting lower_case_table_names=2 because file system for /usr/local/mysql/data/ is case insensitive
2019-01-20T05:50:21.143953Z 5 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: A_mBvrbnD0*r
2019-01-20T05:50:22.000946Z 0 [System] [MY-013170] [Server] /Workspaces/programfiles/mysql-8.0.13-macos10.14-x86_64/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.13) initializing of server has completed

ephemerid是我的用戶名，改成自己的。
後面兩個選項的含義，見後文MY-011011。
前面提到過，本人使用了軟鏈接，所以控制台信息中看到的mysql實際的目錄。
註意這個“A temporary password is generated for root@localhost”

5.啟動

$ support-files/mysql.server start
Starting MySQL
. SUCCESS! 

6.連接及修改初始密碼

$ bin/mysql -uroot -pA_mBvrbnD0*r
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.13

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'pass123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> exit
Bye

!!!平常輸入密碼的時候不要直接添加在-p選項後面了，會被看到的，一定要註意安全!!!

第一次登陸時，會提示需要重置密碼：

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'pass123456';

7.停止服務

$ support-files/mysql.server stop
Shutting down MySQL
.. SUCCESS! 

EORROR

The server quit without updating PID file

在未初始化，就啟動時出現了：

$ sudo ./support-files/mysql.server start
Password:
Starting MySQL
. ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/usr/local/mysql/data/ephemerid.local.pid).

解決

初始化一下，即上文提到的mysqld --initialize

MY-011011

在初始化時，沒有找到有效的mysql目錄以及mysql data目錄。

$ sudo ./bin/mysqld --initaialize --user=ephemerid
2019-01-20T05:13:45.476844Z 0 [System] [MY-010116] [Server] /Workspaces/programfiles/mysql-8.0.13-macos10.14-x86_64/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.13) starting as process 993
2019-01-20T05:13:45.480320Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010159] [Server] Setting lower_case_table_names=2 because file system for /Workspaces/programfiles/mysql-8.0.13-macos10.14-x86_64/data/ is case insensitive
2019-01-20T05:13:45.487935Z 1 [ERROR] [MY-011011] [Server] Failed to find valid data directory.
2019-01-20T05:13:45.488090Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010020] [Server] Data Dictionary initialization failed.
2019-01-20T05:13:45.488119Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010119] [Server] Aborting
2019-01-20T05:13:45.488808Z 0 [System] [MY-010910] [Server] /Workspaces/programfiles/mysql-8.0.13-macos10.14-x86_64/bin/mysqld: Shutdown complete (mysqld 8.0.13)  MySQL Community Server - GPL.

解決

就是添加的兩個選項，即上文提到的--basedir和--datadir
瞭解更多，參考：

• https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/data-directory-initialization-mysqld.html

以上。