Django+xadmin打造線上教育平臺（二）

三、xadmin後臺管理 3.1.xadmin的安裝 django2.0的安裝（源碼安裝方式）：把zip文件放到pip目錄下，運行下麵命令安裝：是文件README.rst 出現了 Unicode 解碼錯誤，這個文件是沒有什麼用處的，可以新建一個同名的空白文件替換掉首先下載zip源碼包：gith ...

三、xadmin後臺管理

3.1.xadmin的安裝

django2.0的安裝（源碼安裝方式）：

https://github.com/sshwsfc/xadmin/tree/django2

把zip文件放到pip目錄下，運行下麵命令安裝：

pip install xadmin-django2

是文件README.rst 出現了 Unicode 解碼錯誤，這個文件是沒有什麼用處的，可以新建一個同名的空白文件替換掉

 首先下載zip源碼包：github.com/sshwsfc/xadmin

 解壓後，打開README.rst文件，清空裡面的內容，然後保存。

再壓縮成zip，放到pip目錄下：C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\Lib\site-packages\pip

此時打開cmd進行安裝：pip install xadmin-master.zip

其它版本

如果上面安裝提示錯誤：

更換安裝源（使用豆瓣源）

安裝xadmin的命令如下：

pip install -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple xadmin-django2

安裝成功後，同時也安裝了很多依賴的包，後面也需要用到。

3.2.xadmin的設置

（1）新建Python Package "extra_apps",把源碼xadmin文件夾放到extra_apps文件夾下麵，此時目錄結構如下：

（2）把extra_apps右鍵mark為Source Root併在settings中加入

sys.path.insert(0,os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'extra_apps'))

（3）因為我們用源碼的xadmin,所以要卸載之前安裝的

pip uinstall xadmin

(4)配置路由

把admin改成xadmin

# urls.py

from django.urls import path

import xadmin

urlpatterns = [
    path('xadmin/', xadmin.site.urls),
]

(5)註冊app

把下麵兩個app註冊到settings.py的INSTALLED_APPS中

'xadmin',
'crispy_forms'

(6)重新生成資料庫

python manage.py makemigrations

python manage.py migrate

(7)設置成中文

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'

TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = False

(8)創建一個管理員用戶

python manage.py createsuperuser

現在就可以運行了

python manage.py runserver

訪問後臺：http://127.0.0.1:8000/xadmin

可以看到成功進入管理界面

datetimefield報錯問題解決：

當我們點增加用戶信息，會報錯

可以看到報的是xadmin/widgets中第80行

 def render(self, name, value, attrs=None):
        input_html = [ht for ht in super(AdminSplitDateTime, self).render(name, value, attrs).split('\n') if ht != '']
        # return input_html
        return mark_safe('<div class="datetime clearfix"><div class="input-group date bootstrap-datepicker"><span class="input-group-addon"><i class="fa fa-calendar"></i></span>%s'
                         '<span class="input-group-btn"><button class="btn btn-default" type="button">%s</button></span></div>'
                         '<div class="input-group time bootstrap-clockpicker"><span class="input-group-addon"><i class="fa fa-clock-o">'
                         '</i></span>%s<span class="input-group-btn"><button class="btn btn-default" type="button">%s</button></span></div></div>' % (input_html[0], _(u'Today'), input_html[1], _(u'Now')))

上面貼出來的最後一行代碼就是widgets.py的第80行代碼。

可以看出這句代碼是希望用“\n”把input_html里的兩個標簽拆開，但兩個標簽之間沒有換行，所以沒能拆分，導致報錯。

input_html[1]就是報錯的代碼，因為input_html里只有一個元素。

解決辦法：

既然“\n”不能拆分標簽，那麼就換一種拆分方式，使用“/><”拆分。

原代碼：

input_html = [ht for ht in super(AdminSplitDateTime, self).render(name, value, attrs).split('\n') if ht != '']

修改後代碼：

input_html = [ht for ht in super(AdminSplitDateTime, self).render(name, value, attrs).split('/><') if ht != '']
input_html[0] = input_html[0] + "/>"
input_html[1] = "<" + input_html[1]

再運行就正常了

3.3.users app的models註冊

（1）在users下麵創建adminx.py,代碼如下：

# users/adminx.py

import xadmin

from .models import EmailVerifyRecord

#xadmin中這裡是繼承object，不再是繼承admin
class EmailVerifyRecordAdmin(object):
    pass

xadmin.site.register(EmailVerifyRecord,EmailVerifyRecordAdmin)

(2)完善功能，增加顯示欄位，搜索和過濾

修改users/adminx.py,代碼如下：

# users/adminx.py

import xadmin

from .models import EmailVerifyRecord

#xadmin中這裡是繼承object，不再是繼承admin
class EmailVerifyRecordAdmin(object):
    # 顯示的列
    list_display = ['code', 'email', 'send_type', 'send_time']
    # 搜索的欄位，不要添加時間搜索
    search_fields = ['code', 'email', 'send_type']
    # 過濾
    list_filter = ['code', 'email', 'send_type', 'send_time']

xadmin.site.register(EmailVerifyRecord,EmailVerifyRecordAdmin)

刷新後的界面：

users中Banner也註冊進去

class BannerAdmin(object):
    list_display = ['title', 'image', 'url','index', 'add_time']
    search_fields = ['title', 'image', 'url','index']
    list_filter = ['title', 'image', 'url','index', 'add_time']


xadmin.site.register(Banner,BannerAdmin)

1.4.剩餘app model註冊

（1）course

代碼如下：註意外鍵

# course/adminx.py

import xadmin

from .models import Course, Lesson, Video, CourseResource


class CourseAdmin(object):
    '''課程'''
    
    list_display = [ 'name','desc','detail','degree','learn_times','students']
    search_fields = ['name', 'desc', 'detail', 'degree', 'students']
    list_filter = [ 'name','desc','detail','degree','learn_times','students']
    

class LessonAdmin(object):
    '''章節'''
    
    list_display = ['course', 'name', 'add_time']
    search_fields = ['course', 'name']
    #這裡course__name是根據課程名稱過濾
    list_filter = ['course__name', 'name', 'add_time']


class VideoAdmin(object):
    '''視頻'''
    
    list_display = ['lesson', 'name', 'add_time']
    search_fields = ['lesson', 'name']
    list_filter = ['lesson', 'name', 'add_time']


class CourseResourceAdmin(object):
    '''課程資源'''
    
    list_display = ['course', 'name', 'download', 'add_time']
    search_fields = ['course', 'name', 'download']
    list_filter = ['course__name', 'name', 'download', 'add_time']


# 將管理器與model進行註冊關聯
xadmin.site.register(Course, CourseAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(Lesson, LessonAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(Video, VideoAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(CourseResource, CourseResourceAdmin)

（2）organizations

代碼如下：

# organization/adminx.py

import xadmin

from .models import CityDict, CourseOrg, Teacher



class CityDictAdmin(object):
    '''城市'''
    
    list_display = ['name', 'desc', 'add_time']
    search_fields = ['name', 'desc']
    list_filter = ['name', 'desc', 'add_time']


class CourseOrgAdmin(object):
    '''機構'''
    
    list_display = ['name', 'desc', 'click_nums', 'fav_nums','add_time' ]
    search_fields = ['name', 'desc', 'click_nums', 'fav_nums']
    list_filter = ['name', 'desc', 'click_nums', 'fav_nums','city__name','address','add_time']


class TeacherAdmin(object):
    '''老師'''
    
    list_display = [ 'name','org', 'work_years', 'work_company','add_time']
    search_fields = ['org', 'name', 'work_years', 'work_company']
    list_filter = ['org__name', 'name', 'work_years', 'work_company','click_nums', 'fav_nums', 'add_time']


xadmin.site.register(CityDict, CityDictAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(CourseOrg, CourseOrgAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(Teacher, TeacherAdmin)

(3)operation

代碼如下：

# operation/adminx.py

import xadmin

from .models import UserAsk, UserCourse, UserMessage, CourseComments, UserFavorite


class UserAskAdmin(object):
    '''用戶表單我要學習'''

    list_display = ['name', 'mobile', 'course_name', 'add_time']
    search_fields = ['name', 'mobile', 'course_name']
    list_filter = ['name', 'mobile', 'course_name', 'add_time']


#
class UserCourseAdmin(object):
    '''用戶課程學習'''

    list_display = ['user', 'course', 'add_time']
    search_fields = ['user', 'course']
    list_filter = ['user', 'course', 'add_time']



class UserMessageAdmin(object):
    '''用戶消息後臺'''

    list_display = ['user', 'message', 'has_read', 'add_time']
    search_fields = ['user', 'message', 'has_read']
    list_filter = ['user', 'message', 'has_read', 'add_time']



class CourseCommentsAdmin(object):
    '''用戶評論後臺'''

    list_display = ['user', 'course', 'comments', 'add_time']
    search_fields = ['user', 'course', 'comments']
    list_filter = ['user', 'course', 'comments', 'add_time']



class UserFavoriteAdmin(object):
    '''用戶收藏後臺'''

    list_display = ['user', 'fav_id', 'fav_type', 'add_time']
    search_fields = ['user', 'fav_id', 'fav_type']
    list_filter = ['user', 'fav_id', 'fav_type', 'add_time']


# 將後臺管理器與models進行關聯註冊。
xadmin.site.register(UserAsk, UserAskAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(UserCourse, UserCourseAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(UserMessage, UserMessageAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(CourseComments, CourseCommentsAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(UserFavorite, UserFavoriteAdmin)

全部代碼：

# users/adminx.py

import xadmin

from .models import EmailVerifyRecord,Banner

#xadmin中這裡是繼承object，不再是繼承admin
class EmailVerifyRecordAdmin(object):
    # 顯示的列
    list_display = ['code', 'email', 'send_type', 'send_time']
    # 搜索的欄位
    search_fields = ['code', 'email', 'send_type']
    # 過濾
    list_filter = ['code', 'email', 'send_type', 'send_time']


class BannerAdmin(object):
    list_display = ['title', 'image', 'url','index', 'add_time']
    search_fields = ['title', 'image', 'url','index']
    list_filter = ['title', 'image', 'url','index', 'add_time']


xadmin.site.register(EmailVerifyRecord,EmailVerifyRecordAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(Banner,BannerAdmin)

users/adminx.py

# course/adminx.py

import xadmin

from .models import Course, Lesson, Video, CourseResource


# Course的admin管理器
class CourseAdmin(object):
    '''課程'''

    list_display = [ 'name','desc','detail','degree','learn_times','students']
    search_fields = ['name', 'desc', 'detail', 'degree', 'students']
    list_filter = [ 'name','desc','detail','degree','learn_times','students']


class LessonAdmin(object):
    '''章節'''

    list_display = ['course', 'name', 'add_time']
    search_fields = ['course', 'name']
    #這裡course__name是根據課程名稱過濾
    list_filter = ['course__name', 'name', 'add_time']


class VideoAdmin(object):
    '''視頻'''

    list_display = ['lesson', 'name', 'add_time']
    search_fields = ['lesson', 'name']
    list_filter = ['lesson', 'name', 'add_time']


class CourseResourceAdmin(object):
    '''課程資源'''

    list_display = ['course', 'name', 'download', 'add_time']
    search_fields = ['course', 'name', 'download']
    list_filter = ['course__name', 'name', 'download', 'add_time']


# 將管理器與model進行註冊關聯
xadmin.site.register(Course, CourseAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(Lesson, LessonAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(Video, VideoAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(CourseResource, CourseResourceAdmin)

course/adminx.py

# organization/adminx.py

import xadmin

from .models import CityDict, CourseOrg, Teacher


class CityDictAdmin(object):
    '''城市'''

    list_display = ['name', 'desc', 'add_time']
    search_fields = ['name', 'desc']
    list_filter = ['name', 'desc', 'add_time']


class CourseOrgAdmin(object):
    '''機構'''

    list_display = ['name', 'desc', 'click_nums', 'fav_nums','add_time' ]
    search_fields = ['name', 'desc', 'click_nums', 'fav_nums']
    list_filter = ['name', 'desc', 'click_nums', 'fav_nums','city__name','address','add_time']


class TeacherAdmin(object):
    '''老師'''

    list_display = [ 'name','org', 'work_years', 'work_company','add_time']
    search_fields = ['org', 'name', 'work_years', 'work_company']
    list_filter = ['org__name', 'name', 'work_years', 'work_company','click_nums', 'fav_nums', 'add_time']


xadmin.site.register(CityDict, CityDictAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(CourseOrg, CourseOrgAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(Teacher, TeacherAdmin)

organization/adminx.py

# operation/adminx.py

import xadmin

from .models import UserAsk, UserCourse, UserMessage, CourseComments, UserFavorite


class UserAskAdmin(object):
    '''用戶表單我要學習'''

    list_display = ['name', 'mobile', 'course_name', 'add_time']
    search_fields = ['name', 'mobile', 'course_name']
    list_filter = ['name', 'mobile', 'course_name', 'add_time']


#
class UserCourseAdmin(object):
    '''用戶課程學習'''

    list_display = ['user', 'course', 'add_time']
    search_fields = ['user', 'course']