修改表名

格式：sp_rename tablename,newtablename

sp_rename tablename,newtablename

修改欄位名

格式：sp_rename 'tablename.colname',newcolname,'column'

sp_rename 'tablename.colname',newcolname,'column'

添加欄位

格式：alter table table_name add new_column data_type [interality_codition]

示例1
ALTER TABLE student Add nationality varchar(20)

--示例2 添加int類型的列,預設值為 0

alter table student add studentName int default 0

--示例3 添加int類型的列,預設值為0，主鍵

alter table student add studentId int primary key default 0    

--示例4 判斷student中是否存在name欄位且刪除欄位

if exists(select * from syscolumns where id=object_id('student') and name='name') begin   
alter table student DROP COLUMN name    
end 

更改欄位

格式：alter table table_name alter column column_name

ALTER TABLE student ALTER COLUMN name VARCHAR(200)

刪除欄位

格式：alter table table_name drop column column_name

ALTER TABLE student DROP COLUMN nationality;

查看欄位約束

格式： select * from information_schema.constraint_column_usage where TABLE_NAME = table_name

SELECT TABLE_NAME,COLUMN_NAME,CONSTRAINT_NAME FROM information_schema.CONSTRAINT_COLUMN_USAGE
WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'student'

查看欄位預設約束表達式 （即預設值等）

格式：select * from information_schema.columns where TABLE_NAME = table_name

SELECT TABLE_NAME, COLUMN_NAME, COLUMN_DEFAULT FROM information_schema.COLUMNS
WHERE TABLE_NAME='student'

查看欄位預設約束名

格式：select name from sysobjects where object_id(table_name)=parent_obj and xtype=’D’

select name from sysobjects
where object_id('表?名?')=parent_obj and xtype='D'

刪除欄位約束

格式：alter table tablename drop constraint constraintname

ALTER TABLE student DROP CONSTRAINT PK__student__2F36BC5B772B9A0B

添加欄位約束

格式：alter table tablename add constraint constraintname primary key (column_name)

--示例1

ALTER TABLE stuInfo ADD CONSTRAINT PK_stuNo PRIMARY KEY (stuNo)

--示例2  添加主鍵約束（Primary Key）
-- 存在主鍵約束PK_stuNO，則刪除

IF EXISTS(SELECT * FROM sysobjects WHERE name='PK_stuNo' and xtype='PK')
    Alter TABLE stuInfo
Drop Constraint PK_stuNo
Go

-- 重新添加主鍵約束PK_stuNO

ALTER TABLE stuInfo  ADD CONSTRAINT PK_stuNo PRIMARY KEY (stuNo)
Go

--示例3 添加 唯一UQ約束（Unique Constraint）
-- 存在唯一約束UQ_stuNO，則刪除

IF EXISTS(SELECT * FROM sysobjects WHERE name='UQ_stuID' and xtype='UQ')
    Alter TABLE stuInfo
Drop Constraint UQ_stuID
Go

-- 重新添加唯一約束UQ_stuID

ALTER TABLE stuInfo ADD CONSTRAINT UQ_stuID UNIQUE (stuID)

--示例4 添加預設DF約束（Default Constraint）
-- 存在預設約束UQ_stuNO，則刪除

IF EXISTS(SELECT * FROM sysobjects WHERE name='DF_stuAddress' and xtype='D')
    Alter TABLE stuInfo Drop Constraint DF_stuAddress
Go

-- 重新添加預設約束DF_stuAddress

ALTER TABLE stuInfo  ADD CONSTRAINT DF_stuAddress DEFAULT ('地址不詳') FOR stuAddress

--示例5 檢查CK約束（Check Constraint）
-- 存在檢查約束UQ_stuNO，則刪除

IF EXISTS(SELECT * FROM sysobjects WHERE name='CK_stuAge' and xtype='C')
    Alter TABLE stuInfo Drop Cons