ASP.NET MVC傳遞Model到視圖的多種方式總結

有多種方式可以將數據傳遞到視圖，如下所示： ViewData ViewBag PartialView TempData ViewModel Tuple 場景：在視圖頁面，下拉框選擇課程觸發事件，分別顯示老師課程表、學生上課表，如圖：相關的Model：一、使用ViewData傳遞多個Model ...

有多種方式可以將數據傳遞到視圖，如下所示：

ViewData
ViewBag
PartialView
TempData
ViewModel
Tuple

場景：

在視圖頁面，下拉框選擇課程觸發事件，分別顯示老師課程表、學生上課表，如圖：

相關的Model：

 1     public class Course
 2     {
 3         public int Id { get; set; }
 4         public string Name { get; set; }
 5     }
 6 
 7     public class Teacher
 8     {
 9         public int Id { get; set; }
10         public string Name { get; set; }
11         public List<Course> Courses { get; set; }
12     }
13 
14     public class Student
15     {
16         public int Id { get; set; }
17         public string Name { get; set; }
18         public List<Course> Courses { get; set; }
19     }

一、使用ViewData傳遞多個Model

□ HomeController

1         public ActionResult Index()
2         {
3             ViewData["Courses"] = _repository.GetCourses();
4             ViewData["Students"] = _repository.GetStudents();
5             ViewData["Teachers"] = _repository.GetTeachers();
6             return View();
7         }

□ Home/Index.cshtml

 1 @using MvcApplication1.Models
 2 @using System.Web.Helpers;
 3 @{   
 4     Layout = null;
 5 }
 6 
 7 <!DOCTYPE html>
 8 <html>
 9 <head>
10     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
11     <title>ViewDataDemo</title>
12     <script src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.8.2.js"></script>
13     <script type="text/javascript">
14         $(function () {
15             //隱藏
16             $('#students').hide();
17             $('#teachers').hide();
18 
19             //點擊課程下拉框           
20             $('#sel').change(function() {
21                 selectedCourseName = $('#sel').val().trim();
22                 if (selectedCourseName == "--選擇課程--") {
23                     $('#students').hide();
24                     $('#teachers').hide();
25                 } else {
26                     getTeacherTable();
27                     getStudentTable();
28                     $('#students').show();
29                     $('#teachers').show();
30                 }
31             });
32         });
33 
34         var selectedCourseName;
35         //創建老師課程表
36         function getTeacherTable() {
37             $('#teachersTable').empty();
38             $('#teachersTable').append("<table id='tblTeachers'><tr><th>編號</th><th>姓名</th></tr></table>");
39             //把所有老師轉換成json格式
40             var teachers = @Html.Raw(Json.Encode(ViewData["Teachers"]));
41             for (var i = 0; i < teachers.length; i++) {
42                 var courses = teachers[i].Courses;
43                 for (var j = 0; j < courses.length; j++) {
44                     if (courses[j].Name == selectedCourseName) {
45                         $('#tblTeachers').append("<tr><td>"+courses[i].Id+"</td><td>"+courses[i].Name+"</td></tr>");
46                     }
47                 }
48             }
49         }
50 
51         //創建學生上課表
52         function getStudentTable() {
53             $('#studentsTable').empty();
54             $('#studentsTable').append("<table id='tblStudents'><tr><th>編號</th><th>姓名</th></tr></table>");
55             var students = @Html.Raw(Json.Encode(ViewData["Students"]));
56             for (var i = 0; i < students.length; i++) {
57                 var courses = students[i].Courses;
58                 for (var j = 0; j < courses.length; j++) {
59                     if (courses[j].Name == selectedCourseName) {
60                         $('#tblStudents').append("<tr><td>"+courses[j].Id+"</td><td>"+courses[j].Name+"</td></tr>");
61                     }
62                 }
63             }
64         }
65     </script>
66 </head>
67 <body>
68     <div>
69         <table>
70             <tr>
71                 <td><h3>選擇課程</h3></td>
72                 <td>
73                     <select id="sel">
74                         <option>--選擇課程--</option>
75                         @foreach (var course in ViewData["Courses"] as List<Course>)
76                         {
77                             <option>@course.Name</option>
78                         }
79                     </select>
80                 </td>
81             </tr>
82         </table>
83     </div>
84     <div id="teachers">
85         <h4>老師課程表</h4>
86         <div id="teachersTable"></div>
87     </div>
88     <div id="students">
89         <h4>學生上課表</h4>
90         <div id="studentsTable"></div>
91     </div>
92 </body>
93 </html>

@Html.Raw(Json.Encode(ViewData["Students"]))是把Model轉換成json字元串，需要用到System.Web.Helpers，把此類庫引用到項目，並且必須設置"複製到本地屬性"為true,否則報錯。

二、使用ViewBag傳遞多個Model

□ HomeController

1 public ActionResult ViewBagDemo()
2 {
3     ViewBag.Courses = _repository.GetCourses();
4     ViewBag.Students = _repository.GetStudents();
5     ViewBag.Teachers = _repository.GetTeachers();
6     return View();
7 }

□ Home/ViewBagDemo.cshtml

下拉框遍歷課程改成：
@foreach (var course in ViewBag.Courses)

getTeacherTable()方法中改成：
var teachers = @Html.Raw(Json.Encode(ViewBag.Teachers));

getStudentTable()方法中改成：
var students = @Html.Raw(Json.Encode(ViewBag.Students));

三、使用部分視圖傳遞多個Model

□ HomeController

 1 public ActionResult PartialViewDemo()
 2 {
 3     List<Course> courses = _repository.GetCourses();
 4     return View(courses);
 5 }
 6 
 7 public ActionResult StudentsToPVDemo(string courseName)
 8 {
 9     IEnumerable<Course> courses = _repository.GetCourses();
10     var selectedCourseId = (from c in courses
11                             where c.Name == courseName
12                             select c.Id).FirstOrDefault();
13     IEnumerable<Student> students = _repository.GetStudents();
14     var studentsInCourse = students.Where(s => s.Courses.Any(c => c.Id == selectedCourseId)).ToList();
15     return PartialView("StudentPV", studentsInCourse);
16 }
17 
18 public ActionResult TeachersToPVDemo(string courseName)
19 {
20     IEnumerable<Course> courses = _repository.GetCourses();
21     var selectedCourseId = (from c in courses
22                             where c.Name == courseName
23                             select c.Id).FirstOrDefault();
24     IEnumerable<Teacher> teachers = _repository.GetTeachers();
25     var teachersForCourse = teachers.Where(t => t.Courses.Any(c => c.Id == selectedCourseId)).ToList();
26     return PartialView("TeacherPV", teachersForCourse);
27 }

□ Home/PartialViewDemo.cshmtl

 1 @model IEnumerable<MvcApplication1.Models.Course>
 2 @{
 3     Layout = null;
 4 }
 5 <!DOCTYPE html>
 6 <html>
 7 <head>
 8     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
 9     <title>PatialViewDemo</title>
10     <script src="~/Scripts/jquery-1.8.2.js"></script>
11     <script type="text/javascript">
12         $(function () {
13             //隱藏
14             $('#students').hide();
15             $('#teachers').hide();
16 
17             //點擊課程下拉框           
18             $('#sel').change(function() {
19                 selectedCourseName = $('#sel').val().trim();
20                 if (selectedCourseName == "--選擇課程--") {
21                     $('#students').hide();
22                     $('#teachers').hide();
23                 } else {
24                     getTeacherTable();
25                     getStudentTable();
26                     $('#students').show();
27                     $('#teachers').show();
28                 }
29             });
30         });
31 
32         var selectedCourseName;
33         //創建老師課程表
34         function getTeacherTable() {
35             $.ajax({
36                 url: "@Url.Action("TeachersToPVDemo","Home")",
37                 type: 'Get',
38                 data: { courseName: selectedCourseName },
39                 success: function(data) {
40                     $('#teachersTable').empty().append(data);
41                 },
42                 error: function() {
43                     alert("sth wrong");
44                 }
45             });
46         }
47 
48         //創建學生上課表
49         function getStudentTable() {
50             $.ajax({
51                 url: "@Url.Action("StudentsToPVDemo","Home")",
52                 type: 'Get',
53                 data: { courseName: selectedCourseName },
54                 success: function (data) {
55                     $('#studentsTable').empty().append(data);
56                 },
57                 error: function () {
58                     alert("sth wrong");
59                 }
60             });
61         }
62     </script>
63 </head>
64 <body>
65     <div>
66         <table>
67             <tr>
68                 <td><h3>選擇課程</h3></td>
69                 <td>
70                     <select id="sel">
71                         <option>--選擇課程--</option>
72                         @foreach (var course in Model)
73                         {
74                             <option>@course.Name</option
75                         }
76                     </select>
77                 </td>
78             </tr>
79         </table>
80     </div>
81     <div id="teachers">
82         <h4>老師課程表</h4>
83         <div id="teachersTable"></div>
84     </div>
85     <div id="students">
86         <h4>學生上課表</h4>
87         <div id="studentsTable"></div>
88     </div>
89 </body>
90 </html>

□ TeacherPV.cshtml與StudentPV.cshtml

 1 @model IEnumerable<MvcApplication1.Models.Teacher>
 2 <table id="tblTeacherDetail">
 3     <tr>
 4         <th>編號</th>
 5         <th>名稱</th>
 6     </tr>
 7     @foreach (var item in Model)
 8     {
 9         <tr>
1