USB 設備驅動:一、USB 描述符:(存在於USB 的E2PROM裡面)1、 設備描述符:struct usb_device_descriptor2、 配置描述符:struct usb_config_descriptor3、 介面描述符:struct usb_interface_descripto...
USB 設備驅動:
一、USB 描述符:(存在於USB 的E2PROM裡面)
1、 設備描述符:struct usb_device_descriptor
2、 配置描述符:struct usb_config_descriptor
3、 介面描述符:struct usb_interface_descriptor
4、 端點描述符:struct usb_endpoint_descriptor
通過命令lsusb 列出系統中所有的USB設備:
通過命令lsusb -v 列出系統中所有的USB設備的各個描述符信息:
設備描述符:
struct usb_device_descriptor { __u8 bLength; ///長度 __u8 bDescriptorType; ///描述符類型 __le16 bcdUSB; __u8 bDeviceClass;///設備類型 __u8 bDeviceSubClass;///設備子類型 __u8 bDeviceProtocol;///協議 __u8 bMaxPacketSize0;///最大傳輸大小 __le16 idVendor;///廠商 ID __le16 idProduct;///設備 ID __le16 bcdDevice;/// __u8 iManufacturer; __u8 iProduct; __u8 iSerialNumber;///序列號 __u8 bNumConfigurations;///包含的配置數目(每個USB設備會對應多個配置) } __attribute__ ((packed));
配置描述符:
struct usb_config_descriptor { ///USB 配置描述符 __u8 bLength; __u8 bDescriptorType; __le16 wTotalLength;///總長度 __u8 bNumInterfaces;///介面數目(每個介面代表一種功能) __u8 bConfigurationValue;/// __u8 iConfiguration; __u8 bmAttributes; __u8 bMaxPower; } __attribute__ ((packed));
介面描述符:
struct usb_interface_descriptor { ///USB 介面描述符 __u8 bLength; __u8 bDescriptorType; __u8 bInterfaceNumber; __u8 bAlternateSetting; __u8 bNumEndpoints; __u8 bInterfaceClass; __u8 bInterfaceSubClass; __u8 bInterfaceProtocol; __u8 iInterface; } __attribute__ ((packed));
端點描述符:
struct usb_endpoint_descriptor { ///USB 端點描述符(每個USB設備最多有16個端點) __u8 bLength; ///描述符的位元組長度 __u8 bDescriptorType;///描述符類型,對於端點就是USB_DT_ENDPOINT __u8 bEndpointAddress;///bit0~3表示端點地址,bit8 表示方向,輸入還是輸出 __u8 bmAttributes;///屬性(bit0、bit1構成傳輸類型,00--控制,01--等時,10--批量,11--中斷) __le16 wMaxPacketSize;///端點一次可以處理的最大位元組數 __u8 bInterval;///希望主機輪詢自己的時間間隔 /* NOTE: these two are _only_ in audio endpoints. */ /* use USB_DT_ENDPOINT*_SIZE in bLength, not sizeof. */ __u8 bRefresh; __u8 bSynchAddress; } __attribute__ ((packed));
二、USB的傳輸方式:(不同的設備對於傳輸的數據各有各的要求)
1、 控制傳輸---獲取/配置設備
2、 中斷傳輸---例如USB滑鼠、USB鍵盤(這裡說的中斷和硬體上下文的中斷不一樣,它不是設備主動發送一個中斷請求,而是主控制器在保證不大於某個時間間隔interval內安排的一次數據傳輸)
3、 批量傳輸---用於大容量數據傳輸,沒有固定的傳輸速率,例如usb印表機、掃描儀、U盤等,對應的端點就叫批量端點
4、 等時傳輸---可以傳輸大批量數據,但是對數據是否到達沒有保證,對實時性要求很高, 例如音頻、視頻等設備(USB攝像頭、USB話筒),對應的端點就叫等時端點
三、URB(usb request block),USB請求塊
urb 是usb數據傳輸機制使用的核心數據結構,urb供usb協議棧使用;
struct urb { //由主機控制器發送給USB設備 struct kref kref; /* reference count of the URB */ void *hcpriv; /* private data for host controller */ atomic_t use_count; /* concurrent submissions counter */ atomic_t reject; /* submissions will fail */ struct list_head urb_list; /* list head for use by the urb's * current owner */ struct list_head anchor_list; /* the URB may be anchored */ struct usb_anchor *anchor; struct usb_device *dev; /* (in) pointer to associated device */ ///urb所發送的目標指針,在urb可以被髮送到USB核心之前必須由USB驅動程式初始化 struct usb_host_endpoint *ep; /* (internal) pointer to endpoint */ unsigned int pipe; //通過端點的number來得到,決定了主機數據要發送給哪一個設備 unsigned int stream_id; /* (in) stream ID */ int status; /* (return) non-ISO status */ unsigned int transfer_flags; /* (in) URB_SHORT_NOT_OK | ...*/ void *transfer_buffer; /* (in) associated data buffer */ ///in---接收數據buffer,out----發送數據buffer dma_addr_t transfer_dma; /* (in) dma addr for transfer_buffer *////存在於支持DMA的設備 struct scatterlist *sg; /* (in) scatter gather buffer list */ int num_mapped_sgs; /* (internal) mapped sg entries */ int num_sgs; /* (in) number of entries in the sg list */ u32 transfer_buffer_length; /* (in) data buffer length */ u32 actual_length; /* (return) actual transfer length */ unsigned char *setup_packet; /* (in) setup packet (control only) */ dma_addr_t setup_dma; /* (in) dma addr for setup_packet */ int start_frame; /* (modify) start frame (ISO) */ int number_of_packets; /* (in) number of ISO packets */ int interval; /* (modify) transfer interval ///主機輪詢的時間間隔 void *context; /* (in) context for completion *////上下文 usb_complete_t complete; /* (in) completion routine *////完成常式(回調)--當主機發送完urb,設備返回回應信號時執行 };
urb的使用方法:
1、 分配urb
struct urb *usb_alloc_urb(int iso_packets, gfp_t mem_flags); //\drivers\usb\core\urb.c
2、 初始化urb
void usb_fill_[control | int | bulk]_urb{ } ///對應控制傳輸、中斷傳輸、批量傳輸
3、 提交urb(提交給主控制器,由主控制器發送給USB設備)
(1) 非同步提交urb,提交完成後執行通過usb_fill_[control | int | bulk]_urb 傳入的回調函數
int usb_submit_urb(struct urb *urb, gfp_t mem_flags); //\drivers\usb\core\urb.c
(2) 同步提交urb
int usb_[control | interrupt | bulk]_msg () //\drivers\usb\core\Message.c
四、usb驅動數據結構 usb_device
1 struct usb_device { ///描述一個USB 設備 2 int devnum; 3 char devpath[16]; 4 u32 route; 5 enum usb_device_state state; 6 enum usb_device_speed speed; 7 8 struct usb_tt *tt; 9 int ttport; 10 11 unsigned int toggle[2]; 12 13 struct usb_device *parent; 14 struct usb_bus *bus; 15 struct usb_host_endpoint ep0; 16 17 struct device dev; 18 19 struct usb_device_descriptor descriptor; 20 struct usb_host_bos *bos; 21 struct usb_host_config *config; 22 23 struct usb_host_config *actconfig; 24 struct usb_host_endpoint *ep_in[16]; 25 struct usb_host_endpoint *ep_out[16]; 26 27 char **rawdescriptors; 28 29 unsigned short bus_mA; 30 u8 portnum; 31 u8 level; 32 33 unsigned can_submit:1; 34 unsigned persist_enabled:1; 35 unsigned have_langid:1; 36 unsigned authorized:1; 37 unsigned authenticated:1; 38 unsigned wusb:1; 39 unsigned lpm_capable:1; 40 unsigned usb2_hw_lpm_capable:1; 41 unsigned usb2_hw_lpm_besl_capable:1; 42 unsigned usb2_hw_lpm_enabled:1; 43 unsigned usb2_hw_lpm_allowed:1; 44 unsigned usb3_lpm_enabled:1; 45 int string_langid; 46 47 /* static strings from the device */ 48 char *product; 49 char *manufacturer; 50 char *serial; 51 52 struct list_head filelist; 53 54 int maxchild; 55 56 u32 quirks; 57 atomic_t urbnum; 58 59 unsigned long active_duration; 60 61 #ifdef CONFIG_PM 62 unsigned long connect_time; 63 64 unsigned do_remote_wakeup:1; 65 unsigned reset_resume:1; 66 unsigned port_is_suspended:1; 67 #endif 68 struct wusb_dev *wusb_dev; 69 int slot_id; 70 enum usb_device_removable removable; 71 struct usb2_lpm_parameters l1_params; 72 struct usb3_lpm_parameters u1_params; 73 struct usb3_lpm_parameters u2_params; 74 unsigned lpm_disable_count; 75 };
五、 管道
每個端點通過管道和usb主控制器連接,管道包括以下幾個部分:
(1) 端點地址
(2) 數據傳輸方向(in 或 out)
(3) 數據傳輸模式
usb_[rcv| snd| ctrl| int| bulk| isoc ]pipe
根據端點地址、傳輸方式和傳輸方向創建不同的pipe:
#define usb_sndctrlpipe(dev, endpoint) \ ((PIPE_CONTROL << 30) | __create_pipe(dev, endpoint)) #define usb_rcvctrlpipe(dev, endpoint) \ ((PIPE_CONTROL << 30) | __create_pipe(dev, endpoint) | USB_DIR_IN) #define usb_sndisocpipe(dev, endpoint) \ ((PIPE_ISOCHRONOUS << 30) | __create_pipe(dev, endpoint)) #define usb_rcvisocpipe(dev, endpoint) \ ((PIPE_ISOCHRONOUS << 30) | __create_pipe(dev, endpoint) | USB_DIR_IN) #define usb_sndbulkpipe(dev, endpoint) \ ((PIPE_BULK << 30) | __create_pipe(dev, endpoint)) #define usb_rcvbulkpipe(dev, endpoint) \ ((PIPE_BULK << 30) | __create_pipe(dev, endpoint) | USB_DIR_IN) #define usb_sndintpipe(dev, endpoint) \ ((PIPE_INTERRUPT << 30) | __create_pipe(dev, endpoint)) #define usb_rcvintpipe(dev, endpoint) \ ((PIPE_INTERRUPT << 30) | __create_pipe(dev, endpoint) | USB_DIR_IN