文檔對象模型(Document Object Model,DOM)是一種用於HTML和XML文檔的編程介面。它給文檔提供了一種結構化的表示方法,可以改變文檔的內容和呈現方式。我們最為關心的是,DOM把網頁和腳本以及其他的編程語言聯繫了起來。DOM屬於瀏覽器,而不是JavaScript語言規範里的規定 ...
文檔對象模型(Document Object Model,DOM)是一種用於HTML和XML文檔的編程介面。它給文檔提供了一種結構化的表示方法,可以改變文檔的內容和呈現方式。我們最為關心的是,DOM把網頁和腳本以及其他的編程語言聯繫了起來。DOM屬於瀏覽器,而不是JavaScript語言規範里的規定的核心內容。這裡我們主要是講用javascript操作DOM。
1. 查找元素
1.1 直接查找
document.getElementById 根據ID獲取一個標簽 document.getElementsByName 根據name屬性獲取標簽集合 document.getElementsByClassName 根據class屬性獲取標簽集合 document.getElementsByTagName 根據標簽名獲取標簽集合
1.2 間接查找
parentNode // 父節點 childNodes // 所有子節點 firstChild // 第一個子節點 lastChild // 最後一個子節點 nextSibling // 下一個兄弟節點 previousSibling // 上一個兄弟節點 parentElement // 父節點標簽元素 children // 所有子標簽 firstElementChild // 第一個子標簽元素 lastElementChild // 最後一個子標簽元素 nextElementtSibling // 下一個兄弟標簽元素 previousElementSibling // 上一個兄弟標簽元素
2. 操作
2.1 內容
innerText 文本 outerText innerHTML HTML內容 innerHTML value 值 input value獲取當前標簽中的值 select 獲取選中的value值(selectedIndex) textarea value獲取當前標簽中的值
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=utf8"> <title>JS3</title> </head> <body> <!-- 先生成一個html文件,文件內容如下:--> <div id="div1"> <p id="p1">我是第一個標簽</p> <p id="p2">我是第<b>二</b>個標簽</p> <input id="i1" type="text" value="我是i1"/> <select id="i2" name="city" size="2" multiple="multiple"> <option value="1">北京</option> <option value="2">上海</option> <option value="3">南京</option> <option value="4" selected="selected">邯鄲</option> </select> <textarea name="linearea" id="i3">預設數據</textarea> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> //操作內容 document.getElementById("p1").innerText; document.getElementById("p1").textContent; document.getElementById("p1").textContent="我是p1,我被改了!" document.getElementById("p2").textContent; document.getElementById("p2").innerHTML; document.getElementById("i1").value; document.getElementById("i2").value; document.getElementById("i3").value; </script> </body> </html>
2.2 屬性
attributes // 獲取所有標簽屬性 setAttribute(key,value) // 設置標簽屬性 getAttribute(key) // 獲取指定標簽屬性 /* var atr = document.createAttribute("class"); atr.nodeValue="democlass"; document.getElementById('n1').setAttributeNode(atr); */
示例:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head lang="en"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <body> <input type="button" value="全選" onclick="CheckAll();"/> <input type="button" value="取消" onclick="CancelAll();"/> <input type="button" value="反選" onclick="ReverseCheck();"/> <table border="1" > <thead> </thead> <tbody id="tb"> <tr> <td><input type="checkbox" /></td> <td>111</td> <td>222</td> </tr> <tr> <td><input type="checkbox" /></td> <td>111</td> <td>222</td> </tr> <tr> <td><input type="checkbox" /></td> <td>111</td> <td>222</td> </tr> <tr> <td><input type="checkbox" /></td> <td>111</td> <td>222</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <script> function CheckAll(ths){ var tb = document.getElementById('tb'); var trs = tb.childNodes; for(var i =0; i<trs.length; i++){ var current_tr = trs[i]; if(current_tr.nodeType==1){ var inp = current_tr.firstElementChild.getElementsByTagName('input')[0]; inp.checked = true; } } } function CancelAll(ths){ var tb = document.getElementById('tb'); var trs = tb.childNodes; for(var i =0; i<trs.length; i++){ var current_tr = trs[i]; if(current_tr.nodeType==1){ var inp = current_tr.firstElementChild.getElementsByTagName('input')[0]; inp.checked = false; } } } function ReverseCheck(ths){ var tb = document.getElementById('tb'); var trs = tb.childNodes; for(var i =0; i<trs.length; i++){ var current_tr = trs[i]; if(current_tr.nodeType==1){ var inp = current_tr.firstElementChild.getElementsByTagName('input')[0]; if(inp.checked){ inp.checked = false; }else{ inp.checked = true; } } } } </script> </body> </html>
2.3 class操作
className // 獲取所有類名 classList.remove(cls) // 刪除指定類 classList.add(cls) // 添加類
2.4 標簽操作
a.創建標簽
// 方式一 var tag = document.createElement('a') tag.innerText = "wupeiqi" tag.className = "c1" tag.href = "http://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi" // 方式二 var tag = "<a class='c1' href='http://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi'>wupeiqi</a>"
b.操作標簽
// 方式一 var obj = "<input type='text' />"; xxx.insertAdjacentHTML("beforeEnd",obj); xxx.insertAdjacentElement('afterBegin',document.createElement('p')) //註意:第一個參數只能是'beforeBegin'、 'afterBegin'、 'beforeEnd'、 'afterEnd' // 方式二 var tag = document.createElement('a') xxx.appendChild(tag) xxx.insertBefore(tag,xxx[1])
2.5 樣式操作
var obj = document.getElementById('i1') obj.style.fontSize = "32px"; obj.style.backgroundColor = "red";
<input onfocus="Focus(this);" onblur="Blur(this);" id="search" value="請輸入關鍵字" style="color: gray;" /> <script> function Focus(ths){ ths.style.color = "black"; if(ths.value == '請輸入關鍵字' || ths.value.trim() == ""){ ths.value = ""; } } function Blur(ths){ if(ths.value.trim() == ""){ ths.value = '請輸入關鍵字'; ths.style.color = 'gray'; }else{ ths.style.color = "black"; } } </script>
2.6 位置操作
總文檔高度 document.documentElement.offsetHeight 當前文檔占屏幕高度 document.documentElement.clientHeight 自身高度 tag.offsetHeight 距離上級定位高度 tag.offsetTop 父定位標簽 tag.offsetParent 滾動高度 tag.scrollTop /* clientHeight -> 可見區域:height + padding clientTop -> border高度 offsetHeight -> 可見區域:height + padding + border offsetTop -> 上級定位標簽的高度 scrollHeight -> 全文高:height + padding scrollTop -> 滾動高度 特別的: document.documentElement代指文檔根節點 */
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head lang="en"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <body style="margin: 0;"> <div style="height: 900px;"> </div> <div style="padding: 10px;"> <div id="i1" style="height:190px;padding: 2px;border: 1px solid red;margin: 8px;"> <p>asdf</p> <p>asdf</p> <p>asdf</p> <p>asdf</p> <p>asdf</p> </div> </div> <script> var i1 = document.getElementById('i1'); console.log(i1.clientHeight); // 可見區域:height + padding console.log(i1.clientTop); // border高度 console.log('====='); console.log(i1.offsetHeight); // 可見區域:height + padding + border console.log(i1.offsetTop); // 上級定位標簽的高度 console.log('====='); console.log(i1.scrollHeight); //全文高:height + padding console.log(i1.scrollTop); // 滾動高度 console.log('====='); </script> </body> </html>
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head lang="en"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <style> body{ margin: 0px; } img { border: 0; } ul{ padding: 0; margin: 0; list-style: none; } .clearfix:after { content: "."; display: block; height: 0; clear: both; visibility: hidden; } .wrap{ width: 980px; margin: 0 auto; } .pg-header{ background-color: #303a40; -webkit-box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2); -moz-box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2); box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2); } .pg-header .logo{ float: left; padding:5px 10px 5px 0px; } .pg-header .logo img{ vertical-align: middle; width: 110px; height: 40px; } .pg-header .nav{ line-height: 50px; } .pg-header .nav ul li{ float: left; } .pg-header .nav ul li a{ display: block; color: #ccc; padding: 0 20px; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14px; } .pg-header .nav ul li a:hover{ color: #fff; background-color: #425a66; } .pg-body{ } .pg-body .catalog{ position: absolute; top:60px; width: 200px; background-color: #fafafa; bottom: 0px; } .pg-body .catalog.fixed{ position: fixed; top:10px; } .pg-body .catalog .catalog-item.active{ color: #fff; background-color: #425a66; } .pg-body .content{ position: absolute; top:60px; width: 700px; margin-left: 210px; background-color: #fafafa; overflow: auto; } .pg-body .content .section{ height: 500px; } </style> <body onscroll="ScrollEvent();"> <div class="pg-header"> <div class="wrap clearfix"> <div class="logo"> <a href="#"> <img src="http://core.pc.lietou-static.com/revs/images/common/logo_7012c4a4.pn"> </a> </div> <div class="nav"> <ul> <li> <a href="#">首頁</a> </li> <li> <a href="#">功能一</a> </li> <li> <a href="#">功能二</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="pg-body"> <div class="wrap"> <div class="catalog"> <div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function1"><a>第1張</a></div> <div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function2"><a>第2張</a></div> <div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function3"><a>第3張</a></div> </div> <div class="content"> <div menu="function1" class="section"> <h1>第一章</h1> </div> <div menu="function2" class="section"> <h1>第二章</h1> </div> <div menu="function3" class="section"> <h1>第三章</h1> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script> function ScrollEvent(){ var bodyScrollTop = document.body.scrollTop; if(bodyScrollTop>50){ document.getElementsByClassName('catalog')[0].classList.add('fixed'); }else{ document.getElementsByClassName('catalog')[0].classList.remove('fixed'); } } </script> </body> </html>
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head lang="en"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <style> body{ margin: 0px; } img { border: 0; } ul{ padding: 0; margin: 0; list-style: none; } h1{ padding: 0; margin: 0; } .clearfix:after { content: "."; display: block; height: 0; clear: both; visibility: hidden; } .wrap{ width: 980px; margin: 0 auto; } .pg-header{ background-color: #303a40; -webkit-box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2); -moz-box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2); box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2); } .pg-header .logo{ float: left; padding:5px 10px 5px 0px; } .pg-header .logo img{ vertical-align: middle; width: 110px; height: 40px; } .pg-header .nav{ line-height: 50px; } .pg-header .nav ul li{ float: left; } .pg-header .nav ul li a{ display: block; color: #ccc; padding: 0 20px; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14px; } .pg-header .nav ul li a:hover{ color: #fff; background-color: #425a66; } .pg-body{ } .pg-body .catalog{ position: absolute; top:60px; width: 200px; background-color: #fafafa; bottom: 0px; } .pg-body .catalog.fixed{ position: fixed; top:10px; } .pg-body .catalog .catalog-item.active{ color: #fff; background-color: #425a66; } .pg-body .content{ position: absolute; top:60px; width: 700px; margin-left: 210px; background-color: #fafafa; overflow: auto; } .pg-body .content .section{ height: 500px; border: 1px solid red; } </style> <body onscroll="ScrollEvent();"> <div class="pg-header"> <div class="wrap clearfix"> <div class="logo"> <a href="#"> <img src="http://core.pc.lietou-static.com/revs/images/common/logo_7012c4a4.pn"> </a> </div> <div class="nav"> <ul> <li> <a href="#">首頁</a> </li> <li> <a href="#">功能一</a> </li> <li> <a href="#">功能二</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="pg-body"> <div class="wrap"> <div class="catalog" id="catalog"> <div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function1"><a>第1張</a></div> <div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function2"><a>第2張</a></div> <div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function3"><a>第3張</a></div> </div> <div class="content" id="content"> <div menu="function1" class="section"> <h1>第一章</h1> </div> <div menu="function2" class="section"> <h1>第二章</h1> </div> <div menu="function3" class="section"> <h1>第三章</h1> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script> function ScrollEvent(){ var bodyScrollTop = document.body.scrollTop; if(bodyScrollTop>50){ document.getElementsByClassName('catalog')[0].classList.add('fixed'); }else{ document.getElementsByClassName('catalog')[0].classList.remove('fixed'); } var content = document.getElementById('content'); var sections = content.children; for(var i=0;i<sections.length;i++){ var current_section = sections[i]; // 當前標簽距離頂部絕對高度 var scOffTop = current_section.offsetTop + 60; // 當前標簽距離頂部,相對高度 var offTop = scOffTop - bodyScrollTop; // 當前標簽高度 var height = current_section.scrollHeight; if(offTop<0 && -offTop < height){ // 當前標簽添加active // 其他移除 active var menus = document.getElementById('catalog').children; var current_menu = menus[i]; current_menu.classList.add('active'); for(var j=0;j<menus.length;j++){ if(menus[j] == current_menu){ }else{ menus[j].classList.remove('active'); } } break; } } } </script> </body> </html>
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head lang="en"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <style> body{ margin: 0px; } img { border: 0; } ul{ padding: 0; margin: 0; list-style: none; } h1{ padding: 0; margin: 0; } .clearfix:after { content: "."; display: block; height: 0; clear: both; visibility: hidden; } .wrap{ width: 980px; margin: 0 auto; } .pg-header{ background-color: #303a40; -webkit-box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2); -moz-box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2); box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2); } .pg-header .logo{ float: left; padding:5px 10px 5px 0px; } .pg-header .logo img{ vertical-align: middle; width: 110px; height: 40px; } .pg-header .nav{ line-height: 50px; } .pg-header .nav ul li{ float: left; } .pg-header .nav ul li a{ display: block; color: #ccc; padding: 0 20px; text-decoration: none; font-size: 14px; } .pg-header .nav ul li a:hover{ color: #fff; background-color: #425a66; } .pg-body{ } .pg-body .catalog{ position: absolute; top:60px; width: 200px; background-color: #fafafa; bottom: 0px; } .pg-body .catalog.fixed{ position: fixed; top:10px; } .pg-body .catalog .catalog-item.active{ color: #fff; background-color: #425a66; } .pg-body .content{ position: absolute; top:60px; width: 700px; margin-left: 210px; background-color: #fafafa; overflow: auto; } .pg-body .content .section{ height: 500px; border: 1px solid red; } </style> <body onscroll="ScrollEvent();"> <div class="pg-header"> <div class="wrap clearfix"> <div class="logo"> <a href="#"> <img src="http://core.pc.lietou-static.com/revs/images/common/logo_7012c4a4.pn"> </a> </div> <div class="nav"> <ul> <li> <a href="#">首頁</a> </li> <li> <a href="#">功能一</a> </li> <li> <a href="#">功能二</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="pg-body"> <div class="wrap"> <div class="catalog" id="catalog"> <div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function1"><a>第1張</a></div> <div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function2"><a>第2張</a></div> <div class="catalog-item" auto-to="function3"><a>第3張</a></div> </div> <div class="content" id="content"> <div menu="function1" class="section"> <h1>第一章</h1> </div> <div menu="function2" class="section"> <h1>第二章</h1> </div> <div menu="function3" class="section" style="height: 200px;"> <h1>第三章</h1> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script> function ScrollEvent(){ var bodyScrollTop = document.body.scrollTop; if(bodyScrollTop>50){ document.getElementsByClassName('catalog')[0].classList.add('fixed'); }else{ document.getElementsByClassName('catalog')[0].classList.remove('fixed'); } var content = document.getElementById('content'); var sections = content.children; for(var i=0;i<sections.length;i++){ var current_section = sections[i]; // 當前標簽距離頂部絕對高度 var scOffTop = current_section.offsetTop + 60; // 當前標簽距離頂部,相對高度 var offTop = scOffTop - bodyScrollTop; // 當前標簽高度 var height = current_section.scrollHeight; if(offTop<0 && -offTop < height){ // 當前標簽添加active // 其他移除 active // 如果已經到底部,現實第三個菜單 // 文檔高度 = 滾動高度 + 視口高度 var a = document.getElementsByClassName('content')[0].offsetHeight + 60; var b = bodyScrollTop + document.documentElement.clientHeight; console.log(a+60,b); if(a == b){ var menus = document.getElementById('catalog').children; var current_menu = document.getElementById('catalog').lastElementChild; current_menu.classList.add('active'); for(var j=0;j<menus.length;j++){ if(menus[j] == current_menu){ }else{ menus[j].classList.remove('active'); } } }else{ var menus = document.getElementById('catalog').children; var current_menu = menus[i]; current_menu.classList.add('active'); for(var j=0;j<menus.length;j++){ if(menus[j] == current_menu){ }else{ menus[j].classList.remove('active'); } } } break; } } } </script> </body> </html>
2.7 提交表單
document.geElementById('form').submit()
2.8 其他操作
console.log 輸出框 alert 彈出框 confirm 確認框 // URL和刷新 location.href 獲取URL location.href = "url" 重定向 location.reload() 重新載入 // 定時器 setInterval 多次定時器 clearInterval 清除多次定時器 setTimeout 單次定時器 clearTimeout 清除單次定時器
3 事件
對於事件需要註意的要點:
- this
- event
- 事件鏈以及跳出
this標簽當前正在操作的標簽,event封裝了當前事件的內容。
實例:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset='utf-8' /> <title></title> <style> .gray{ color:gray; } .black{ color:black; } </style> <script type="text/javascript"> function Enter(){ var id= document.getElementById("tip") id.className = 'black'; if(id.value=='請輸入關鍵字'||id.value.trim()==''){ id.value = '' } } function Leave(){ var id= document.getElementById("tip") var val = id.value; if(val.length==0||id.value.trim()==''){ id.value = '請輸入關鍵字' id.className = 'gray'; }else{ id.className = 'black'; } } </script> </head> <body> <input type='text' class='gray' id='tip' value='請輸入關鍵字' onfocus='Enter();' onblur='Leave();'/> </body> </html>
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset='utf-8' > <title>歡迎blue shit蒞臨指導 </title> <script type='text/javascript'> function Go(){ var content = document.title; var firstChar = content.charAt(0) var sub = content.substring(1,content.length) document.title = sub + firstChar; } setInterval('Go()',1000); </script> </head> <body> </body> </html>