利用include功能優化nginx的配置文件 [root@lnmp conf]# cat nginx.conf worker_processes 1; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include mime.types; default_ty... ...
利用include功能優化nginx的配置文件
- [root@lnmp conf]# cat nginx.conf
- worker_processes 1;
- events {
- worker_connections 1024;
- }
- http {
- include mime.types;
- default_type application/octet-stream;
- sendfile on;
- keepalive_timeout 65;
- #nginx vhosts config
- include extra/www.conf;
- include extra/bbs.conf;
- include extra/blog.conf;
- }
寫配置文件
- [root@lnmp conf]# mkdir extra
- [root@lnmp conf]# sed -n '18,25p' nginx.conf.base-name >extra/bbs.conf
- [root@lnmp conf]# cat extra/bbs.conf
- server {
- listen 80;
- server_name bbs.etiantian.org;
- location / {
- root html/bbs;
- index index.html index.htm;
- }
- }
- [root@lnmp conf]# sed -n '26,33p' nginx.conf.base-name >extra/blog.conf
- [root@lnmp conf]# cat extra/blog.conf
- server {
- listen 80;
- server_name blog.etiantian.org;
- location / {
- root html/blog;
- index index.html index.htm;
- }
- }
- [root@lnmp conf]# cat extra/www.conf
- server {
- listen 80;
- server_name www.etiantian.org;
- location / {
- root html/www;
- index index.html index.htm;
- }
- }
重啟服務
- [root@lnmp conf]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
- nginx: the configuration file /application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
- nginx: configuration file /application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
- [root@lnmp conf]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
測試
- [root@lnmp conf]# curl www.etiantian.org
- www.etiantian.org
- [root@lnmp conf]# curl bbs.etiantian.org
- bbs.etiantian.org
- [root@lnmp conf]# curl blog.etiantian.org
- blog.etiantian.org
nginx虛擬主機別名的配置
- [root@lnmp conf]# cat extra/www.conf
- server {
- listen 80;
- server_name www.etiantian.org etiantian.org;
- location / {
- root html/www;
- index index.html index.htm;
- }
- }
- [root@lnmp conf]# cat /etc/hosts
- 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
- ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
- 192.168.31.132 server
- 192.168.31.133 lamp
- 192.168.31.134 lnmp www.etiantian.org bbs.etiantian.org blog.etiantian.org etiantian.org
- 192.168.31.136 backup
- [root@lnmp conf]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
- nginx: the configuration file /application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
- nginx: configuration file /application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
- [root@lnmp conf]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
- [root@lnmp conf]# curl etiantian.org
- www.etiantian.org
- [root@lnmp conf]# curl www.etiantian.org
- www.etiantian.org
啟動報錯:
- [root@lnmp ~]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
- nginx: [error] invalid PID number "" in "/application/nginx-1.6.3/logs/nginx.pid"
解決辦法:
- [root@lnmp ~]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /application/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
- [root@lnmp ~]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
nginx狀態信息配置
- [root@lnmp extra]# cat status.conf
- #status
- server{
- listen 80;
- server_name status.etiantian.org;
- location / {
- stub_status on;
- access_log off;
- }
- }
添加包含
- include extra/status.conf;
重啟nginx,瀏覽器訪問
第一個server表示nginx啟動到現在共處理了多少個連接。
第二個accepts表示nginx啟動到現在共創建了多少次握手,請求丟失次數=(握手次數-連接次數)。
第三個handled request表示總共處理了多少次請求。
Reading:nginx讀取到客戶端的header信息數。
writing:nginx返回給客戶端的header信息素。
waiting:nginx已經處理完正在等候下一次請求指令的駐留連接,開啟keep-alive的情況下,這個值等於active-(reading+writing)。
nginx錯誤日誌
常見的錯誤日誌級別有[debug|info|notice|warn|error|crit|alert|emerg],級別越高記錄的信息越少,生產場景一般是warm|error|crit這三個級別之一,註意不要配置info等級較低的級別,會帶來磁碟I/O消耗。
error_log的預設值為:error_log logs/error.log error
- [root@lnmp conf]# cat nginx.conf
- worker_processes 1;
- error_log logs/error.log error;
- events {
- worker_connections 1024;
- }
- http {
- include mime.types;
- default_type application/octet-stream;
- sendfile on;
- keepalive_timeout 65;
- #nginx vhosts config
- include extra/www.conf;
- include extra/bbs.conf;
- include extra/blog.conf;
- }
可以放置的標簽段為:main,http,server,location。
訪問日誌
log_format:用來定義記錄日誌的格式(可以定義多種日誌格式,取不同名字即可)。
access_log:用來指定日誌文件的路徑及使用的何種日誌格式記錄日誌。
- [root@lnmp conf]# cat nginx.conf
- worker_processes 1;
- error_log logs/error.log error;
- events {
- worker_connections 1024;
- }
- http {
- include mime.types;
- default_type application/octet-stream;
- sendfile on;
- keepalive_timeout 65;
- log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
- '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
- '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
- #nginx vhosts config
- include extra/www.conf;
- include extra/bbs.conf;
- include extra/blog.conf;
- }
$remote_addr:記錄訪問網站的客戶端地址。
$http_x_forwarded_for:當前端有代理伺服器時,設置web節點記錄客戶端地址的配置,此參數生效的前提是代理伺服器上也要進行相關的x_forwarded_for設置。
$remote_user:遠程客戶端用戶名稱。
$time_local:記錄訪問時間與時區。
$request:用戶的http請求起始行信息。
$status:http狀態碼,記錄請求返回的狀態,例如:200、404、301等。
$body_bytes_sent:伺服器發送給客戶端的響應body位元組數。
$http_referer:記錄此次請求是從哪個鏈接訪問過來的,可以根據referer進行防盜鏈設置。
$http_user_agent:記錄客戶端訪問信息,例如:瀏覽器、手機客戶端等。
access_log off;這裡的off表示不記錄訪問日誌。
預設配置:access_log logs/access.log combined;
放置位置:http,server,location,if in location,limit_except。
- [root@lnmp conf]# cat extra/www.conf
- server {
- listen 80;
- server_name www.etiantian.org etiantian.org;
- location / {
- root html/www;
- index index.html index.htm;
- }
- access_log logs/access_www.log main;
- }
重啟nginx
- [root@lnmp conf]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
- nginx: the configuration file /application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
- nginx: configuration file /application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
- [root@lnmp conf]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
- [root@lnmp conf]# tail -f ../logs/access_www.log #訪問日誌
- 192.168.31.1 - - [16/Feb/2017:23:35:38 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 18 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/55.0.2883.87 Safari/537.36" "-"
- 192.168.31.1 - - [16/Feb/2017:23:35:38 +0800] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 570 "http://www.etiantian.org/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/55.0.2883.87 Safari/537.36" "-"
日誌輪詢
- [root@lnmp scripts]# cat cut_nginx_log.sh
- #!/bin/sh
- Dateformat=`date +%Y%m%d`
- Basedir="/application/nginx"
- Nginxlogdir="$Basedir/logs"
- Logname="access_www"
- [ -d $Nginxlogdir ] && cd $Nginxlogdir||exit 1
- [ -f ${Logname}.log ]||exit 1
- /bin/mv ${Logname}.log ${Dateformat}_${Logname}.log
- $Basedir/sbin/nginx -s reload
執行
- [root@lnmp scripts]# sh cut_nginx_log.sh
- [root@lnmp scripts]# ll /application/nginx/logs/
- total 24
- -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 978 Feb 16 23:35 20170216_access_www.log
設置定時任務
- #nginx log cut
- 00 00 * * * /bin/sh /server/scripts/cut_nginx_log.sh >/dev/null 2>&1
nginx常用日誌收集及分析工具有rsyslog、awstats、flume、ELK、storm等。
rewrite
rewrite指令語法
指令語法:rewrite regex replacement [flag];
預設值:none
應用位置:server,location,if。
- [root@lnmp conf]# cat extra/www.conf
- server {
- listen 80;
- server_name etiantian.org;
- rewrite ^/(.*) http://www.etiantian.org/$1 permanent;
- }
- server {
- listen 80;
- server_name www.etiantian.org;
- location / {
- root html/www;
- index index.html index.htm;
- }
- access_log logs/access_www.log main;
- }
創建oldboy.html然後進行訪問
- [root@lnmp www]# curl etiantian.org/oldboy.html -I
- HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
- Server: nginx/1.6.3
- Date: Thu, 16 Feb 2017 16:30:47 GMT
- Content-Type: text/html
- Content-Length: 184
- Connection: keep-alive
- Location: http://www.etiantian.org/oldboy.html
rewrite指令最後一項參數flag標記說明
last:本條規則匹配完成後,繼續向下匹配新的location URI規則。
break:本條規則匹配完成即終止。不再匹配後面的任何規則。
redirect:返回302臨時重定向,瀏覽器地址欄會顯示跳轉後的URL地址。
permanent:返回301永久重定向,瀏覽器地址欄會顯示後的URL地址。