kafka connector 使用總結以及自定義connector開發

来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/laoqing/archive/2019/11/25/11927958.html
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Kafaka connect 是一種用於在Kafka和其他系統之間可擴展的、可靠的流式傳輸數據的工具。它使得能夠快速定義將大量數據集合移入和移出Kafka的連接器變得簡單。Kafka Connect可以從資料庫或應用程式伺服器收集數據到Kafka topic,使數據可用於低延遲的流處理。導出作業可以 ...


Kafaka connect 是一種用於在Kafka和其他系統之間可擴展的、可靠的流式傳輸數據的工具。它使得能夠快速定義將大量數據集合移入和移出Kafka的連接器變得簡單。Kafka Connect可以從資料庫或應用程式伺服器收集數據到Kafka topic,使數據可用於低延遲的流處理。導出作業可以將數據從Kafka topic傳輸到二次存儲和查詢系統,或者傳遞到批處理系統以進行離線分析。

Kafaka connect的核心組件:
Source:負責將外部數據寫入到kafka的topic中。
Sink:負責從kafka中讀取數據到自己需要的地方去,比如讀取到HDFS,hbase等。


Connectors :通過管理任務來協調數據流的高級抽象
Tasks:數據寫入kafk和從kafka中讀出數據的具體實現,source和sink使用時都需要Task

Workers:運行connectors和tasks的進程

Converters:kafka connect和其他存儲系統直接發送或者接受數據之間轉換數據,

converter會把bytes數據轉換成kafka connect內部的格式,也可以把kafka connect內部存儲格式的數據轉變成bytes,converter對connector來說是解耦的,所以其他的connector都可以重用,例如,使用了avro converter,那麼jdbc connector可以寫avro格式的數據到kafka,當然,hdfs connector也可以從kafka中讀出avro格式的數據。

 

Transforms:一種輕量級數據調整的工具
Kafka connect 工作模式:
Kafka connect 有兩種工作模式:
standalone:在standalone模式中,所有的worker都在一個獨立的進程中完成。
distributed:distributed模式具有高擴展性,以及提供自動容錯機制。你可以使用一個group.ip來啟動很多worker進程,在有效的worker進程中它們會自動的去協調執行connector和task,如果你新加了一個worker或者掛了一個worker,其他的worker會檢測到然後在重新分配connector和task。

本文作者:張永清,轉載請註明出處:https://www.cnblogs.com/laoqing/p/11927958.html 

在分散式模式下通過rest api來管理connector。
connector的常見管理操作API:

GET /connectors – 返回所有正在運行的connector名。
POST /connectors – 新建一個connector; 請求體必須是json格式並且需要包含name欄位和config欄位,name是connector的名字,config是json格式,必須包含你的connector的配置信息。
GET /connectors/{name} – 獲取指定connetor的信息。
GET /connectors/{name}/config – 獲取指定connector的配置信息。
PUT /connectors/{name}/config – 更新指定connector的配置信息。
GET /connectors/{name}/status – 獲取指定connector的狀態,包括它是否在運行、停止、或者失敗,如果發生錯誤,還會列出錯誤的具體信息。
GET /connectors/{name}/tasks – 獲取指定connector正在運行的task。
GET /connectors/{name}/tasks/{taskid}/status – 獲取指定connector的task的狀態信息。
PUT /connectors/{name}/pause – 暫停connector和它的task,停止數據處理知道它被恢復。
PUT /connectors/{name}/resume – 恢復一個被暫停的connector。
POST /connectors/{name}/restart – 重啟一個connector,尤其是在一個connector運行失敗的情況下比較常用
POST /connectors/{name}/tasks/{taskId}/restart – 重啟一個task,一般是因為它運行失敗才這樣做。
DELETE /connectors/{name} – 刪除一個connector,停止它的所有task並刪除配置。

如何開發自己的Connector:

1、引入maven依賴。

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.kafka</groupId>
            <artifactId>connect-api</artifactId>
            <version>${kafka.version}</version>
        </dependency>

2、開發自定義的Source

開發自定義的Source 需要繼承實現SourceConnector和SourceTask這兩個抽象類,實現抽象類中的未實現的方法或者重寫抽象類中的方法。

本文作者:張永清,轉載請註明出處:https://www.cnblogs.com/laoqing/p/11927958.html 

A、開發自定義的SourceConnector

/**
 *
 */
public class ExampleSourceConnector extends SourceConnector{
    @Override
    public void start(Map<String, String> map) {

    }
    //返回需要指定的TASK
    @Override
    public Class<? extends Task> taskClass() {
        return ExampleSourceTask.class;
    }
    //TASK的配置
    @Override
    public List<Map<String, String>> taskConfigs(int i) {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void stop() {

    }

    @Override
    public ConfigDef config() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public String version() {
        return AppInfoParser.getVersion();
    }
}

B、開發Source對應的Task

public class ExampleSourceTask extends SourceTask {
    @Override
    public String version() {
        return new ExampleSourceConnector().version();
    }
    //任務啟動
    @Override
    public void start(Map<String, String> map) {

    }
    //需要發送到kafka的數據。
    @Override
    public List<SourceRecord> poll() throws InterruptedException {
        return null;
    }
    //任務停止
    @Override
    public void stop() {

    }
}

3、開發自定義的Sink

  開發自定義的Sink 需要繼承實現SinkConnector和SinkTask這兩個抽象類,實現抽象類中的未實現的方法或者重寫抽象類中的方法。

A、開發自定義的SinkConnector

/**
 *
 */
public class ExampleSinkConnector extends SinkConnector{
    @Override
    public void start(Map<String, String> map) {

    }
    //指定Task執行的類
    @Override
    public Class<? extends Task> taskClass() {
        return ExampleSinkTask.class;
    }
    //task對應的config
    @Override
    public List<Map<String, String>> taskConfigs(int i) {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void stop() {

    }
    //配置定義
    @Override
    public ConfigDef config() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public String version() {
        return AppInfoParser.getVersion();
    }
}

B、開發Sink對應的Task  

/**
 *
 */
public class ExampleSinkTask extends SinkTask {
    @Override
    public String version() {
        return new ExampleSinkConnector().version();
    }
    //task啟動
    @Override
    public void start(Map<String, String> map) {

    }
    //數據put
    @Override
    public void put(Collection<SinkRecord> collection) {

    }
    @Override
    public void flush(Map<TopicPartition, OffsetAndMetadata> offsets){
    //Task停止。
    }
    @Override
    public void stop() {

    }
}

Kafka Connect Configs

 開源的實現的比較好的connector項目:

https://github.com/debezium/debezium 

https://github.com/confluentinc

 

 

 https://docs.confluent.io/current/connect/managing/connectors.html

 

 這裡我們以https://github.com/debezium/debezium 中的debezium-connector-mongodb 為例配置connector的standalone模式運行

從github中獲取debezium-connector-mongodb-0.9.5.Final.jar 包,放到kafka的libs目錄下,並且把mongodb相關的jar包一起放入到libs下。

在config目錄下新建對應的mongodb.properties 屬性配置文件

name=mongodb
connector.class=io.debezium.connector.mongodb.MongoDbConnector
mongodb.hosts=configs/10.100.xx.xx:27017
tasks.max=1
mongodb.name=mongo-test
#mongodb.user=root
#mongodb.password=123456
database.whitelist=kafkaTest
collection.whitelist=kafkaTest.kafkaTest
connect.max.attempts=12
max.queue.size=8192
max.batch.size=2048
poll.interval.ms=1000
connect.backoff.initial.delay.ms=1000
connect.backoff.max.delay.ms=2000
mongodb.ssl.enabled=false
mongodb.ssl.invalid.hostname.allowed=false
snapshot.mode=initial
initial.sync.max.threads=2
tombstones.on.delete=true
mongodb.members.auto.discover=true
source.struct.version=v2

 配置解釋如下:

詳情參考:https://debezium.io/documentation/reference/0.10/connectors/mongodb.html

https://docs.confluent.io/current/connect/debezium-connect-mongodb/mongodb_source_connector_config.html

PropertyDefaultDescription

name

 

Unique name for the connector. Attempting to register again with the same name will fail. (This property is required by all Kafka Connect connectors.)

connector.class

 

The name of the Java class for the connector. Always use a value of io.debezium.connector.mongodb.MongoDbConnector for the MongoDB connector.

mongodb.hosts

 

The comma-separated list of hostname and port pairs (in the form 'host' or 'host:port') of the MongoDB servers in the replica set. The list can contain a single hostname and port pair. If mongodb.members.auto.discover is set to false, then the host and port pair should be prefixed with the replica set name (e.g., rs0/localhost:27017).

mongodb.name

 

A unique name that identifies the connector and/or MongoDB replica set or sharded cluster that this connector monitors. Each server should be monitored by at most one Debezium connector, since this server name prefixes all persisted Kafka topics emanating from the MongoDB replica set or cluster.

mongodb.user

 

Name of the database user to be used when connecting to MongoDB. This is required only when MongoDB is configured to use authentication.

mongodb.password

 

Password to be used when connecting to MongoDB. This is required only when MongoDB is configured to use authentication.

mongodb.ssl.enabled

false

Connector will use SSL to connect to MongoDB instances.

mongodb.ssl.invalid.hostname.allowed

false

When SSL is enabled this setting controls whether strict hostname checking is disabled during connection phase. If true the connection will not prevent man-in-the-middle attacks.

database.whitelist

empty string

An optional comma-separated list of regular expressions that match database names to be monitored; any database name not included in the whitelist will be excluded from monitoring. By default all databases will be monitored. May not be used with database.blacklist.

database.blacklist

empty string

An optional comma-separated list of regular expressions that match database names to be excluded from monitoring; any database name not included in the blacklist will be monitored. May not be used with database.whitelist.

collection.whitelist

empty string

An optional comma-separated list of regular expressions that match fully-qualified namespaces for MongoDB collections to be monitored; any collection not included in the whitelist will be excluded from monitoring. Each identifier is of the form databaseName.collectionName. By default the connector will monitor all collections except those in the local and admin databases. May not be used with collection.blacklist.

collection.blacklist

empty string

An optional comma-separated list of regular expressions that match fully-qualified namespaces for MongoDB collections to be excluded from monitoring; any collection not included in the blacklist will be monitored. Each identifier is of the form databaseName.collectionName. May not be used with collection.whitelist.

snapshot.mode

initial

Specifies the criteria for running a snapshot (eg. initial sync) upon startup of the connector. The default is initial, and specifies the connector reads a snapshot when either no offset is found or if the oplog no longer contains the previous offset. The never option specifies that the connector should never use snapshots, instead the connector should proceed to tail the log.

field.blacklist

empty string

An optional comma-separated list of the fully-qualified names of fields that should be excluded from change event message values. Fully-qualified names for fields are of the form databaseName.collectionName.fieldName.nestedFieldName, where databaseName and collectionName may contain the wildcard (*) which matches any characters.

field.renames

empty string

An optional comma-separated list of the fully-qualified replacements of fields that should be used to rename fields in change event message values. Fully-qualified replacements for fields are of the form databaseName.collectionName.fieldName.nestedFieldName:newNestedFieldName, where databaseName and collectionName may contain the wildcard (*) which matches any characters, the colon character (:) is used to determine rename mapping of field. The next field replacement is applied to the result of the previous field replacement in the list, so keep this in mind when renaming multiple fields that are in the same path.

tasks.max

1

The maximum number of tasks that should be created for this connector. The MongoDB connector will attempt to use a separate task for each replica set, so the default is acceptable when using the connector with a single MongoDB replica set. When using the connector with a MongoDB sharded cluster, we recommend specifying a value that is equal to or more than the number of shards in the cluster, so that the work for each replica set can be distributed by Kafka Connect.

initial.sync.max.threads

1

Positive integer value that specifies the maximum number of threads used to perform an intial sync of the collections in a replica set. Defaults to 1.

tombstones.on.delete

true

Controls whether a tombstone event should be generated after a delete event.
When true the delete operations are represented by a delete event and a subsequent tombstone event. When false only a delete event is sent.
Emitting the tombstone event (the default behavior) allows Kafka to completely delete all events pertaining to the given key once the source record got deleted.

snapshot.delay.ms

 

An interval in milli-seconds that the connector should wait before taking a snapshot after starting up;
Can be used to avoid snapshot interruptions when starting multiple connectors in a cluster, which may cause re-balancing of connectors.

snapshot.fetch.size

0

Specifies the maximum number of documents that should be read in one go from each collection while taking a snapshot. The connector will read the collection contents in multiple batches of this size.
Defaults to 0, which indicates that the server chooses an appropriate fetch size.

The following advanced configuration properties have good defaults that will work in most situations and therefore rarely need to be specified in the connector’s configuration.

PropertyDefaultDescription

max.queue.size

8192

Positive integer value that specifies the maximum size of the blocking queue into which change events read from the database log are placed before they are written to Kafka. This queue can provide backpressure to the oplog reader when, for example, writes to Kafka are slower or if Kafka is not available. Events that appear in the queue are not included in the offsets periodically recorded by this connector. Defaults to 8192, and should always be larger than the maximum batch size specified in the max.batch.size property.

max.batch.size

2048

Positive integer value that specifies the maximum size of each batch of events that should be processed during each iteration of this connector. Defaults to 2048.

poll.interval.ms

1000

Positive integer value that specifies the number of milliseconds the connector should wait during each iteration for new change events to appear. Defaults to 1000 milliseconds, or 1 second.

connect.backoff.initial.delay.ms

1000

Positive integer value that specifies the initial delay when trying to reconnect to a primary after the first failed connection attempt or when no primary is available. Defaults to 1 second (1000 ms).

connect.backoff.max.delay.ms

1000

Positive integer value that specifies the maximum delay when trying to reconnect to a primary after repeated failed connection attempts or when no primary is available. Defaults to 120 seconds (120,000 ms).

connect.max.attempts

16

Positive integer value that specifies the maximum number of failed connection attempts to a replica set primary before an exception occurs and task is aborted. Defaults to 16, which with the defaults for connect.backoff.initial.delay.ms and connect.backoff.max.delay.msresults in just over 20 minutes of attempts before failing.

mongodb.members.auto.discover

true

Boolean value that specifies whether the addresses in 'mongodb.hosts' are seeds that should be used to discover all members of the cluster or replica set (true), or whether the address(es) in mongodb.hosts should be used as is (false). The default is true and should be used in all cases except where MongoDB is fronted by a proxy.

source.struct.version

v2

Schema version for the source block in CDC events; Debezium 0.10 introduced a few breaking
changes to the structure of the source block in order to unify the exposed structure across all the connectors.
By setting this option to v1 the structure used in earlier versions can be produced. Note that this setting is not recommended and is planned for removal in a future Debezium version.

heartbeat.interval.ms

0

Controls how frequently heartbeat messages are sent.
This property contains an interval in milli-seconds that defines how frequently the connector sends messages into a heartbeat topic. This can be used to monitor whether the connector is still receiving change events from the database. You also should leverage heartbeat messages in cases where only records in non-captured collections are changed for a longer period of time. In such situation the connector would proceed to read the oplog from the database but never emit any change messages into Kafka, which in turn means that no offset updates will be committed to Kafka. This will cause the oplog files to be rotated out but connector will not notice it so on restart some events are no longer available which leads to the need of re-execution of the initial snapshot.

Set this parameter to 0 to not send heartbeat messages at all.
Disabled by default.

heartbeat.topics.prefix

__debezium-heartbeat

Controls the naming of the topic to which heartbeat messages are sent.
The topic is named according to the pattern <heartbeat.topics.prefix>.<server.name>.

sanitize.field.names

true when connector configuration explicitly specifies the key.converter or value.converterparameters to use Avro, otherwise defaults to false.

Whether field names will be sanitized to adhere to Avro naming requirements. See Avro namingfor more details.

這裡以standalone的模式運行,在connect-standalone.properties中做如下配置:

# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

# These are defaults. This file just demonstrates how to override some settings.
bootstrap.servers=localhost:9092
rest.port=9093
# The converters specify the format of data in Kafka and how to translate it into Connect data. Every Connect user will
# need to configure these based on the format they want their data in when loaded from or stored into Kafka
key.converter=org.apache.kafka.connect.json.JsonConverter
value.converter=org.apache.kafka.connect.json.JsonConverter
# Converter-specific settings can be passed in by prefixing the Converter's setting with the converter we want to apply
# it to
key.converter.schemas.enable=false
value.converter.schemas.enable=false
rest.host.name=0.0.0.0
offset.storage.file.filename=/data4/kafka/connect/connect.offsets
# Flush much faster than normal, which is useful for testing/debugging
offset.flush.interval.ms=10000

# Set to a list of filesystem paths separated by commas (,) to enable class loading isolation for plugins
# (connectors, converters, transformations). The list should consist of top level directories that include
# any combination of:
# a) directories immediately containing jars with plugins and their dependencies
# b) uber-jars with plugins and their dependencies
# c) directories immediately containing the package directory structure of classes of plugins and their dependencies
# Note: symlinks will be followed to discover dependencies or plugins.
# Examples:
# plugin.path=/usr/local/share/java,/usr/local/share/kafka/plugins,/opt/connectors,
plugin.path=/opt/kafka/kafka_2.11-2.0.0/plugin

standalone模式下啟動方式如下:

bin/connect-standalone.sh config/connect-standalone.properties connector1.properties[connector2.properties ...]   一次可以啟動多個connector,只需要在參數中加上connector的配置文件路徑即可。

例如:connect-standalone.sh config/connect-standalone.properties mongodb.properties

distribute模式部署:

1、修改配置connect-distributed.properties

# broker列表
bootstrap.servers=10.120.241.1:9200
 
# 同一集群中group.id需要配置一致,且不能和別的消費者同名
group.id=connect-cluster
 
# The converters specify the format of data in Kafka and how to translate it into Connect data. Every Connect user will
# need to configure these based on the format they want their data in when loaded from or stored into Kafka
key.converter=org.apache.kafka.connect.json.JsonConverter
value.converter=org.apache.kafka.connect.json.JsonConverter
# 使用json數據同樣配置成false
key.converter.schemas.enable=false
value.converter.schemas.enable=false
····

2、手動創建集群模式所必須的kafka的幾個topic

# config.storage.topic=connect-configs
$ bin/kafka-topics --create --zookeeper localhost:2181 --topic connect-configs --replication-factor 3 --partitions 1 --config cleanup.policy=compact
 
# offset.storage.topic=connect-offsets
$ bin/kafka-topics --create --zookeeper localhost:2181 --topic connect-offsets --replication-factor 3 --partitions 50 --config cleanup.policy=compact
 
# status.storage.topic=connect-status
$ $ bin/kafka-topics --create --zookeeper localhost:2181 --topic connect-status --replication-factor 3 --partitions 10 --config cleanup.policy=compact
  • config.storage.topic:topic用於存儲connector和任務配置;註意,這應該是一個單個的partition,多副本的topic
  • offset.storage.topic:用於存儲offsets;這個topic應該配置多個partition和副本。
  • status.storage.topic:用於存儲狀態;這個topic 可以有多個partitions和副本

3、 啟動worker

啟動distributed模式命令如下:

./bin/connect-distributed ./etc/kafka/connect-distributed.properties   

4、使用restful啟動connect
curl 'http://localhost:8083/connectors' -X POST -i -H "Content-Type:application/json" -d   
    '{ "name":"elasticsearch-sink",  
       "config":{"connector.class":"io.confluent.connect.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchSinkConnector",  
                "tasks.max":10,  
                "topics":"estest1012",  
                "key.ignore":true,  
                "schema.ignore":true,  
                "connection.url":"http://10.120.241.194:9200",  
                "type.name":"kafka-connect"}  
    }' 

常見問題:

1、在啟動的過程中出現各種各樣的java.lang.ClassNotFoundException。

在啟動connector的時候,一開始總是會報各個各樣的ClassNotFoundException,不是這個包就是那個包,查找問題一直說要麼缺少包要麼是包衝突,那麼要排除依賴衝突或者看下是不是少了jar包。

2、在connector.properties中的key.converter.schemas.enable=false和value.converter.schemas.enable=false的問題。

這個選項預設在connect-standalone.properties中是true的,這個時候發送給topic的Json格式是需要使用avro格式。例如:
{
    "schema": {
        "type": "struct",
        "fields": [{
            "type": "int32",
            "optional": true,
            "field": "c1"
        }, {
            "type": "string",
            "optional": true,
            "field": "c2"
        }, {
            "type": "int64",
            "optional": false,
            "name": "org.apache.kafka.connect.data.Timestamp",
            "version": 1,
            "field": "create_ts"
        }, {
            "type": "int64",
            "optional": false,
            "name": "org.apache.kafka.connect.data.Timestamp",
            "version": 1,
            "field": "update_ts"
        }],
        "optional": false,
        "name": "foobar"
    },
    "payload": {
        "c1": 10000,
        "c2": "bar",
        "create_ts": 1501834166000,
        "update_ts": 1501834166000
    }
}

如果想發送普通的json格式而不是avro格式的話,很簡單key.converter.schemas.enable和value.converter.schemas.enable設置為false就行。這樣就能發送普通的json格式數據。


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  • 一.MHA簡介 作者簡介 松信嘉範: MySQL/Linux專家 2001年索尼公司入職 2001年開始使用oracle 2004年開始使用MySQL 2006年9月 2010年8月MySQL從事顧問 2010年 2012年 DeNA 2012年~至今 Facebook 軟體簡介 MHA能夠在較短的 ...
  • 1.MySQL版本: (目前到8了) 5.x: 5.0-5.1:早期產品的延續,升級維護 5.4 - 5.x : MySQL整合了三方公司的新存儲引擎 (推薦5.5),企業使用最多的是5.5 2.linux下安裝方式 yum tar.gz rpm版(本次使用) 安裝:rpm -ivh rpm軟體名 ...
  • [20191125]oracel SQL parsing function qcplgte 2.txt--//參考前面的測試:http://blog.itpub.net/267265/viewspace-2665273/=>[20191122]oracel SQL parsing function ...
  • [20191125]探究等待事件的本源.txt--//當工作中遇到oracle的性能問題時,查看awr報表提供很好的解決問題途徑.但是有時候很容易想當然.--//比如以前我一看到 log file sync等待事件就很主觀的認為redo 磁碟IO不行,實際上真實的情況可能有許多原因.--//比如提交 ...
  • 之前的SQL基礎1中已經介紹了部分Select的內容,但是,實際使用中select 還有很多其他的用法,本文會再介紹部分select的其他用法。 1. 去重查詢 1.1 創建演示表 創建2張表用於演示,表名分別為student和class,後續也將繼續用這2張表演示,2張表的數據如下: studen ...
  • 中台出現的背景 從技術上來看,隨著業務的發展,很多企業在前期搭建了很多的IT系統,系統間像煙囪一樣相互獨立。在面對著越來越複雜的業務,越來越多的數據,企業IT在擴展舊系統上出現了一定的局限,從而產生不斷的重覆建設的問題,企業需要制定數字轉型改革的戰略,來解決複雜業務系統之間的解耦問題,從而降低產品各 ...
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  • 前言 在我們開發過程中基本上不可或缺的用到一些敏感機密數據,比如SQL伺服器的連接串或者是OAuth2的Secret等,這些敏感數據在代碼中是不太安全的,我們不應該在源代碼中存儲密碼和其他的敏感數據,一種推薦的方式是通過Asp.Net Core的機密管理器。 機密管理器 在 ASP.NET Core ...
  • 新改進提供的Taurus Rpc 功能,可以簡化微服務間的調用,同時可以不用再手動輸出模塊名稱,或調用路徑,包括負載均衡,這一切,由框架實現並提供了。新的Taurus Rpc 功能,將使得服務間的調用,更加輕鬆、簡約、高效。 ...
  • 順序棧的介面程式 目錄順序棧的介面程式頭文件創建順序棧入棧出棧利用棧將10進位轉16進位數驗證 頭文件 #include <stdio.h> #include <stdbool.h> #include <stdlib.h> 創建順序棧 // 指的是順序棧中的元素的數據類型,用戶可以根據需要進行修改 ...
  • 前言 整理這個官方翻譯的系列,原因是網上大部分的 tomcat 版本比較舊,此版本為 v11 最新的版本。 開源項目 從零手寫實現 tomcat minicat 別稱【嗅虎】心有猛虎,輕嗅薔薇。 系列文章 web server apache tomcat11-01-官方文檔入門介紹 web serv ...
  • C總結與剖析:關鍵字篇 -- <<C語言深度解剖>> 目錄C總結與剖析:關鍵字篇 -- <<C語言深度解剖>>程式的本質:二進位文件變數1.變數:記憶體上的某個位置開闢的空間2.變數的初始化3.為什麼要有變數4.局部變數與全局變數5.變數的大小由類型決定6.任何一個變數,記憶體賦值都是從低地址開始往高地 ...
  • 如果讓你來做一個有狀態流式應用的故障恢復,你會如何來做呢? 單機和多機會遇到什麼不同的問題? Flink Checkpoint 是做什麼用的?原理是什麼? ...
  • C++ 多級繼承 多級繼承是一種面向對象編程(OOP)特性,允許一個類從多個基類繼承屬性和方法。它使代碼更易於組織和維護,並促進代碼重用。 多級繼承的語法 在 C++ 中,使用 : 符號來指定繼承關係。多級繼承的語法如下: class DerivedClass : public BaseClass1 ...
  • 前言 什麼是SpringCloud? Spring Cloud 是一系列框架的有序集合,它利用 Spring Boot 的開發便利性簡化了分散式系統的開發,比如服務註冊、服務發現、網關、路由、鏈路追蹤等。Spring Cloud 並不是重覆造輪子,而是將市面上開發得比較好的模塊集成進去,進行封裝,從 ...
  • class_template 類模板和函數模板的定義和使用類似,我們已經進行了介紹。有時,有兩個或多個類,其功能是相同的,僅僅是數據類型不同。類模板用於實現類所需數據的類型參數化 template<class NameType, class AgeType> class Person { publi ...
  • 目錄system v IPC簡介共用記憶體需要用到的函數介面shmget函數--獲取對象IDshmat函數--獲得映射空間shmctl函數--釋放資源共用記憶體實現思路註意 system v IPC簡介 消息隊列、共用記憶體和信號量統稱為system v IPC(進程間通信機制),V是羅馬數字5,是UNI ...