ajax交互案例_ZenDei技術網路在線

數據交互是前端很重要的一部分，靜態頁是基礎，而交互才是網頁的精髓。交互又分為人機交互和前後端數據交互，現階段的互聯網下，大部分的網站都要進行前後端數據交互，如何交互呢？交互的流程大概就是前端發送數據給後端，後端接送數據，進行處理，將處理後的結果發送給前端，前端接受數據。前端和後端的收和發通過什麼呢？ ...

數據交互是前端很重要的一部分，靜態頁是基礎，而交互才是網頁的精髓。交互又分為人機交互和前後端數據交互，現階段的互聯網下，大部分的網站都要進行前後端數據交互，如何交互呢？交互的流程大概就是前端發送數據給後端，後端接送數據，進行處理，將處理後的結果發送給前端，前端接受數據。前端和後端的收和發通過什麼呢？

前端通過表單和ajax發送數據，接受只能通過ajax；後端(php)通過$_GET[]、$_POST[]、$_REQUEST[]接收，列印語句來發送：echo、print、print_r()、die()

ajax是前後端交互的重要手段，ajax的全稱是asynchronous JavaScript and XML（非同步JavaScript和XML）；

這麼說可能也感受不出什麼，案例來感受下吧！

首先我們要準備下頁面佈局，佈局用到了bootstrap的模態框，可以自己百度看下哈！

 1 <!DOCTYPE html>
 2 <html lang="en">
 3 
 4 <head>
 5     <meta charset="UTF-8">
 6     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
 7     <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
 8     <link rel="stylesheet" href="libs/bootstrap.css">
 9     <title>Document</title>
10 </head>
11 
12 <body>
13     <div class="container">
14         <div class="row align-items-center">
15             <div class="col-2 h1">LOGO</div>
16             <div class="col-2 h4">學生信息系統</div>
17             <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary col-1" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#exampleModal"
18                 data-whatever="@mdo" id="insert">添加信息</button>
19         </div>
20         <div class="row my-5">
21             <table class="table table-bordered thead-default table-sm">
22                 <thead>
23                     <tr>
24                         <th>ID</th>
25                         <th>name</th>
26                         <th>machine</th>
27                         <th>examination</th>
28                         <th>delete</th>
29                         <th>update</th>
30                     </tr>
31                 </thead>
32                 <tbody>
33                     <!-- <tr>
34                         <td>1</td>
35                         <td>admin</td>
36                         <td>23</td>
37                         <td>87</td>
38                         <td><span class="btn btn-primary btn-info" ly="delete">刪除</span></td>
39                         <td><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-info" data-toggle="modal"
40                             data-target="#exampleModal" data-whatever="@fat" ly="update">修改</button></td>
41                     </tr> -->
42                 </tbody>
43             </table>
44         </div>
45         <div class="row">
46             <nav aria-label="Page navigation example" class="w-100">
47                 <ul class="pagination pagination-sm justify-content-center">
48                     <li class="page-item disabled"><a class="page-link" href="#">上一頁</a></li>
49                     <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="#">1</a></li>
50                     <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="#">2</a></li>
51                     <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="#">3</a></li>
52                     <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="#">下一頁</a></li>
53                 </ul>
54             </nav>
55         </div>
56     </div>
57     <div class="modal fade" id="exampleModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="exampleModalLabel">
58         <div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
59             <div class="modal-content">
60                 <div class="modal-header">
61                     <h4 class="modal-title" id="exampleModalLabel">請輸入信息：</h4>
62                     <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span
63                             aria-hidden="true">&times;</span></button>
64                 </div>
65                 <div class="modal-body">
66                     <form>
67                         <div class="form-group">
68                             <label for="recipient-name" class="control-label">姓名:</label>
69                             <input type="text" class="form-control" id="name">
70                         </div>
71                         <div class="form-group">
72                             <label for="message-text" class="control-label">機試:</label>
73                             <input class="form-control" id="cpt" />
74                         </div>
75                         <div class="form-group">
76                             <label for="message-text" class="control-label">筆試:</label>
77                             <input class="form-control" id="pen" />
78                         </div>
79                     </form>
80                 </div>
81                 <div class="modal-footer">
82                     <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary mx-auto" data-dismiss="modal" id="send">提交</button>
83                 </div>
84             </div>
85         </div>
86     </div>
87 </body>
88 <script src="libs/jquery-2.2.4.js"></script>
89 <script src="libs/popper.js"></script>
90 <script src="libs/bootstrap.js"></script>
91 <script src="js/ajax.js"></script>
92 <script src="js/index.js"></script>
93 </html>

接下來就是js了，其實交互就是增刪改查。先來看下查。

; (function () {
 2     class Project {
 3         constructor() {
 4             // 獲取元素
 5             this.tbody=document.querySelector("tbody");
 6             this.addBtn=document.querySelector("#insert");
 7             this.submit=document.querySelector("#send");
 8             this.name = document.getElementById("name");
 9             this.cpt = document.getElementById("cpt");
10             this.pen = document.getElementById("pen");
11             // console.log(this.addBtn);
12             this.selectUrl = "http://localhost/test/project/php/select.php";
16             this.select();
17     　　}   
18          select() {
19             var that = this;
20             ajax({
21                 url: this.selectUrl,
22                 success: function (res) {
23                     // console.log(res);
24                     that.res = JSON.parse(res);
25                     if (that.res.code) {
26                         alert(that.res.msg);
27                     } else {
28                         // console.log(that.res);
29                         that.display();
30                     }
31                 }
32             });
33         }
34     display() {
35             // console.log(this.res.length);
36             var str = "";
37             for (var i = 0; i < this.res.length; i++) {
38                 str += `<tr>
39                 <td>${this.res[i].Id}</td>
40                 <td>${this.res[i].name}</td>
41                 <td>${this.res[i].machine}</td>
42                 <td>${this.res[i].examination}</td>
43                 <td><span class="btn btn-primary btn-info" ly="delete">刪除</span></td>
44                 <td><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-info" data-toggle="modal"
45                     data-target="#exampleModal" data-whatever="@fat" ly="update">修改</button></td>
46             </tr> `
47             }
48             this.tbody.innerHTML=str;
49         }
50     }
51     new Project();
52 })();

上面的是js部分的代碼，封裝了ajax所以我直接調用了。再看下php的部分吧！

 1 <?php
 2     $link=@new mysqli("localhost:3306","root","root","test");
 3     if($link->connect_error){
 4         $err = array("code"=>1,"msg"=>$link->connect_error);
 5         die(json_encode($err));
 6     }
 7     $select="SELECT * FROM stu";
 8     $res=$link->query($select);
 9     if($res){
10         $str="";
11         while ($arr=$res->fetch_assoc()) {
12            $str=$str.json_encode($arr).",";
13         }
14         die ("[".substr($str,0,-1)."]");
15     }else{
16         $err = array("code"=>2,"msg"=>"失敗");
17         die(json_encode($err));
18     }
19 ?>

刷新頁面的時候就會自動獲取資料庫中的數據渲染到頁面上。再是添加和修改數據，因為使用了一個模態框，所以同時寫，因為模態框中的提交按鈕需判斷是添加按鈕觸發的還是修改按鈕觸發的，就需要一個標識。同上，代碼感受！

  1 ; (function () {
  2     class Project {
  3         constructor() {
  4             // 獲取元素
  5             this.tbody=document.querySelector("tbody");
  6             this.addBtn=document.querySelector("#insert");
  7             this.submit=document.querySelector("#send");
  8             this.name = document.getElementById("name");
  9             this.cpt = document.getElementById("cpt");
 10             this.pen = document.getElementById("pen");
 11             // console.log(this.addBtn);
 12             this.selectUrl = "http://localhost/test/project/php/select.php";
 13             this.insertUrl="http://localhost/test/project/php/insert.php";
 14             this.updateUrl="http://localhost/test/project/php/update.php";
 15             
 16 
 17             this.type=0;
 18             this.select();
 19             this.addEvent();
 20         }
 21         select() {
 22             var that = this;
 23             ajax({
 24                 url: this.selectUrl,
 25                 success: function (res) {
 26                     // console.log(res);
 27                     that.res = JSON.parse(res);
 28                     if (that.res.code) {
 29                         alert(that.res.msg);
 30                     } else {
 31                         // console.log(that.res);
 32                         that.display();
 33                     }
 34                 }
 35             });
 36         }
 37         addEvent(){
 38             var that=this;
 39             this.addBtn.addEventListener("click",function(){
 40                 that.type=0;
 41             });
 42             this.tbody.addEventListener("click",function(eve){
 43                 var e = eve || window.event;
 44                 that.target = e.target || e.srcElement;
 45                 if(that.target.getAttribute("y") === "update"){
 46                     that.type = 1;
 47                     that.id=that.target.parentNode.parentNode.children[0].innerHTML;
 48                     that.name.value=that.target.parentNode.parentNode.children[1].innerHTML;
 49                     that.cpt.value=that.target.parentNode.parentNode.children[2].innerHTML;
 50                     that.pen.value=that.target.parentNode.parentNode.children[3].innerHTML;
 51                 }
 52             });
 53             this.submit.addEventListener("click",function(){
 54                 that.n=that.name.value;
 55                 that.c=that.cpt.value;
 56                 that.p=that.pen.value;
 57                 if(that.type==0){
 58                     that.name.value=that.cpt.value=that.pen.value="";
 59                     that.insertLoad();
 60                 }else{
 61                     // console.log();
 62                    that.updateLoad();
 63                 }
 64             })
 65         }
 66         insertLoad(){
 67             var that=this;
 68             ajax({
 69                 url:this.insertUrl,
 70                 data:{
 71                     name:this.n,
 72                     cpt:this.c,
 73                     pen:this.p
 74                 },
 75                 success:function(res){
 76                     // console.log(res);
 77                     that.res=JSON.parse(res);
 78                     if(that.res.code){
 79                         alert(that.res.msg);
 80                     }else{
 81                         that.display();
 82                     }
 83                 }
 84             });
 85         }
 86         updateLoad(){
 87             var that=this;
 88             ajax({
 89                 url:this.updateUrl,
 90                 data:{
 91                     id:this.id,
 92                     name:this.n,
 93                     cpt:this.c,
 94                     pen:this.p
 95                 },
 96                 success:function (res) {
 97                     that.res=JSON.parse(res);
 98                     if(that.res.code){
 99                         alert(that.res.msg);
100                     }else{
101                         that.display();
102                     }
103                 }
104             })
105         }
106         display() {
107             // console.log(this.res.length);
108             var str = "";
109             for (var i = 0; i < this.res.length; i++) {
110                 str += `<tr>
111                 <td>${this.res[i].Id}</td>
112                 <td>${this.res[i].name}</td>
113                 <td>${this.res[i].machine}</td>
114                 <td>${this.res[i].examination}</td>
115                 <td><span class="btn btn-primary btn-info" ly="delete">刪除</span></td>
116                 <td><button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-info" data-toggle="modal"
117                     data-target="#exampleModal" data-whatever="@fat" ly="update">修改</button></td>
118             </tr> `
119             }
120             this.tbody.innerHTML=str;
121         }
122     }
123     new Project();
124 })();

下麵是添加按鈕所對應的的php代碼！

 1 <?php
 2     $link=@new mysqli("localhost:3306","root","root","test");
 3     if($link->connect_error){
 4         $err = array("code"=>1,"msg"=>$link->connect_error);
 5         die(json_encode($err));
 6     }
 7     $n=@$_REQUEST["name"];
 8     $c=@$_REQUEST["cpt"];
 9     $p=@$_REQUEST["pen"];
10     $insert="INSERT stu (name,machine,examination) VALUES('".$n."',".$c.",".$p.")";
11     $q=$link->query($insert);
12     if($q){
13        echo select();
14     }else{
15         $err = array("code"=>3,"msg"=>"添加失敗");
16         die(json_encode($err));
17     }
18     function select(){
19         global $link;
20         $select="SELECT * FROM stu";
21         $res=$link->query($select);
22         if($res){
23             $str="";
24             while ($arr=$res->fetch_assoc()) {
25                $str=$str.json_encode($arr).",";
26             }
27             die ("[".substr($str,0,-1)."]");
28         }else{
29             $err = array("code"=>2,"msg"=>"失敗");
30             die(json_encode($err));
31         }
32     }
33 ?>

下麵是修改按鈕所對應的的php代碼！

 1 <?php
 2     $link=@new mysqli("localhost:3306","root","root","test");
 3     if($link->connect_error){
 4         $err = array("code"=>1,"msg"=>$link->connect_error);
 5         die(json_encode($err));
 6     }
 7     $id=@$_REQUEST["id"];
 8     $n=@$_REQUEST["name"];
 9     $c=@$_REQUEST["cpt"];
10     $p=@$_REQUEST["pen"];
11     $update="UPDATE stu SET name='".$n."',machine=".$c.",examination=".$p." WHERE Id=".$id;
12     $q=$link->query($update);
13     if($q){
14         echo select();
15     }else{
16         $err = array("code"=>3,"msg"=>"添加失敗");
17         die(json_encode($err));
18     }
19     function select(){
20         global $link;
21         $select="SELECT * FROM stu";
22         $res=$link->query($select);
23         if($res){
24             $str="";
25             while ($arr=$res->fetch_assoc()) {
26                $str=$str.json_encode($arr).",";
27             }
28             die ("[".substr($str,0,-1)."]");
29         }else{
30             $err = array("code"=>2,"msg"=>"失敗");
31             die(json_encode($err));
32         }
33     }
34 ?>

添加，修改操作完成就是刪除，刪除是比較簡單的，只要獲取點擊刪除的所對應的的數據即可！

  1 ; (