RHEL 7.6 安裝 Oracle 18c RAC 第一部分 安裝規劃 虛擬環境 VirtualBox 6.0 OS 版本 Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.6 (Maipo) 資料庫版本 18.3.0.0.0 安裝介質 LINUX.X64_180 ...
RHEL 7.6 安裝 Oracle 18c RAC
第一部分 安裝規劃
虛擬環境 |
VirtualBox 6.0 |
OS 版本 |
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.6 (Maipo) |
資料庫版本 |
18.3.0.0.0 |
安裝介質 |
LINUX.X64_180000_db_home.zip LINUX.X64_180000_grid_home.zip |
軟體安裝目錄 |
grid: /u01/app/18.0.0/grid |
oracle: /u01/app/oracle/product/18.0.0/db_1 |
|
用戶和組 |
grid: oinstall,asmadmin,asmdba,racdba,asmoper |
oracle: oinstall, dba,asmdba,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba,racdba,oper |
|
網路規劃 |
192.168.56.11 rac1 #一節點public ip 192.168.56.12 rac2 #二節點public ip
192.168.56.13 rac1-vip #一節點virtual ip 192.168.56.14 rac2-vip #二節點virtual ip
172.16.56.11 rac1-priv #一節點private ip 172.16.56.12 rac2-priv #二節點private ip
192.168.56.15 rac-scan # scan ip |
ASM磁碟組 |
OCRVT: 2G * 3 MGMT: 40G * 1 DATA: 8G * 1 ARCH: 5G * 1 |
安裝操作系統,添加ASM共用磁碟省略
第二分部 操作系統環境配置
2.1 更改IO調度為deadline,關閉numa和透明大頁
(1).vi /etc/default/grub(編輯 /etc/default/grub 文件,在GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX 條目後面添加"elevator=deadline","transparent_hugepage=never" 和”numa=off”,
執行grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg 最後重啟操作系統)
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=rootvg/root rd.lvm.lv=rootvg/swap rhgb quiet elevator=deadline transparent_hugepage=never numa=off net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0"
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
(2). 重啟操作系統使配置生效.
2.2 使用CTSS時鐘同步
/sbin/service ntpd stop
chkconfig ntpd off
mv /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.conf.org
systemctl stop chronyd
systemctl disable chronyd
2.3 配置/etc/hosts解析表
vi /etc/hosts添加
#config for 18c RAC
192.168.56.11 rac1
192.168.56.12 rac2
192.168.56.13 rac1-vip
192.168.56.14 rac2-vip
172.16.56.11 rac1-priv
172.16.56.12 rac2-priv
192.168.56.15 rac-scan
2.4 關閉防火牆
systemctl disable firewalld.service
systemctl stop firewalld.service
2.5 關閉selinux
vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
2.6 關閉NetworkManager
systemctl disable NetworkManager
systemctl stop NetworkManager
2.7 停止avahi-daemon
systemctl stop avahi-daemon.socket avahi-daemon.service
systemctl disable avahi-daemon.socket avahi-daemon.service
2.8 配置NOZEROCONF
vi /etc/sysconfig/network 添加
NOZEROCONF=yes
2.9 內核參數修改
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
#kernel configuration for oracle 18c
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 268435456
kernel.shmmax = 549755813760
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
是配置生效
sysctl -p
2.10 添加用戶和組
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54321 oinstall
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54322 dba
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54323 oper
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54324 backupdba
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54325 dgdba
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54326 kmdba
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54327 asmdba
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54328 asmoper
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54329 asmadmin
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54330 racdba
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba,racdba,oper oracle
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 54322 -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,racdba,asmoper grid
echo oracle | passwd --stdin oracle
echo oracle | passwd --stdin grid
2.11 創建軟體安裝目錄
mkdir -p /u01/app/18.0.0/grid
mkdir -p /u01/app/grid
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/18.0.0/db_1
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
chmod -R 775 /u01/
2.12 用戶環境變數配置
#為grid用戶添加環境變數
vi /home/grid/.bash_profile EOF
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid
export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1 (節點2改為+ASM2)
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/18.0.0/grid
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
EOF
source /home/grid/.bash_profile
#為oracle用戶添加環境變數
vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_SID=racdb1(節點2改為racdb2)
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/18.0.0/db_1
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
EOF
source /home/oracle/.bash_profile
2.13 配置用戶資源限制
vi /etc/security/limits.conf 添加
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle hard memlock 3145728
oracle soft memlock 3145728
grid soft nproc 2047
grid hard nproc 16384
grid soft nofile 1024
grid hard nofile 65536
grid soft stack 10240
grid hard memlock 3145728
grid soft memlock 3145728
vi /etc/pam.d/login 添加
#this is for oracle user
session required pam_limits.so
2.14 配置全局profile
vi /etc/profile 添加
#this is for oracle user
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]||[ $USER = "grid" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
umask 022
fi
2.15 安裝rpm依賴包
yum -y install bc \
binutils \
compat-libcap1 \
compat-libstdc++-33.i686 \
compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64 \
glibc.i686 \
glibc.x86_64 \
glibc-devel.i686 \
glibc-devel.x86_64 \
ksh \
libaio.i686 \
libaio.x86_64 \
libaio-devel.i686 \
libaio-devel.x86_64 \
libX11.i686 \
libX11.x86_64 \
libXau.i686 \
libXau.x86_64 \
libXi.i686 \
libXi.x86_64 \
libXtst.i686 \
libXtst.x86_64 \
libXrender-devel.i686 \
libXrender-devel.x86_64 \
libXrender.i686 \
libXrender.x86_64 \
libgcc.i686 \
libgcc.x86_64 \
libstdc++.i686 \
libstdc++.x86_64 \
libstdc++-devel.i686 \
libstdc++-devel.x86_64 \
libxcb.i686 \
libxcb.x86_64 \
make \
nfs-utils.x86_64 \
net-tools \
python \
python-configshell \
python-rtslib \
python-six \
smartmontools \
sysstat \
targetcli \
unixODBC \
unixODBC-devel \
unzip
CVUQDISK_GRP=oinstall; export CVUQDISK_GRP
rpm -iv /u01/app/18.0.0/grid/cvuqdisk-1.0.10-1.rpm (需先解壓grid安裝包到/u01/app/18.0.0/grid)
2.16 共用存儲配置
(1).多路徑方式安裝配置
yum -y install device-mapper*
--生成預設配置文件
mpathconf --enable
vi /etc/multipath.conf 修改
find_multipaths no
multipaths {
multipath {
wwid 14f504e46494c455257374a5968312d784f45542d54754171
alias OCR1
}
multipath {
wwid 14f504e46494c455257374a5968312d784f45542d54754172
alias OCR2
}
multipath {
wwid 14f504e46494c455257374a5968312d784f45542d54754173
alias OCR3
}
multipath {
wwid 14f504e46494c455257374a5968312d784f45542d54754174
alias MGMT
}
multipath {
wwid 14f504e46494c4552325354736c632d783567742d47557662
alias DATA
}
multipath {
wwid 14f504e46494c45526a62644c70392d65744b562d38524967
alias ARCH
}
}
multipath -F
systemctl restart multipathd.service
multipath -v3
vi /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules
KERNEL=="dm-*",ENV{DM_UUID}=="mpath-14f504e46494c455257374a5968312d784f45542d54754171",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="dm-*",ENV{DM_UUID}=="mpath-14f504e46494c455257374a5968312d784f45542d54754172",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="dm-*",ENV{DM_UUID}=="mpath-14f504e46494c455257374a5968312d784f45542d54754173",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="dm-*",ENV{DM_UUID}=="mpath-14f504e46494c455257374a5968312d784f45542d54754174",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="dm-*",ENV{DM_UUID}=="mpath-14f504e46494c4552325354736c632d783567742d47557662",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="dm-*",ENV{DM_UUID}=="mpath-14f504e46494c45526a62644c70392d65744b562d38524967",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"
udevadm trigger
udevadm control -R
systemctl restart systemd-udevd.service
(2).不使用多路徑的方式,僅需配置如下文件(本次安裝是測試環境,磁碟沒有多條路徑,無需使用多路徑方式)
vi /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules
KERNEL=="sd?",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB5643659c-65a9d79a",SYMLINK+="asm-diskb",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd?",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB603d9ec9-7c3a2db0",SYMLINK+="asm-diskc",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd?",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VBc74f578a-aa1a566c",SYMLINK+="asm-diskd",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd?",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VBcje8jg2a-ff4e14d3",SYMLINK+="asm-diske",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd?",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VBcaeggcdb-3gv5hnc6",SYMLINK+="asm-diskf",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd?",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VBccbd112b-egdgrkr5",SYMLINK+="asm-diskg",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"
#使udev策略配置生效
udevadm trigger
udevadm control -R
systemctl restart systemd-udevd.service
[root@rac1 ~]# ll /dev/asm*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Mar 25 14:53 /dev/asm-diskb -> sdb
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Mar 25 14:53 /dev/asm-diskc -> sdc
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Mar 25 15:06 /dev/asm-diskd -> sdd
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Mar 25 15:06 /dev/asm-diske -> sde
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Mar 25 15:06 /dev/asm-diskf -> sdf
[root@rac1 ~]# ll /dev/sd*
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 16 Mar 25 15:07 /dev/sdb
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 32 Mar 25 15:07 /dev/sdc
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 48 Mar 25 15:07 /dev/sdd
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 64 Mar 25 15:07 /dev/sde
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 80 Mar 25 15:07 /dev/sdf
第三部分 安裝GRID軟體
3.1 解壓軟體
unzip LINUX.X64_180000_grid_home.zip -d /u01/app/18.0.0/grid
3.2 配置用戶ssh對等性(方便檢查rac2節點配置,也可以OUI界面配置)
su - grid
cd /u01/app/18.0.0/grid/oui/prov/resources/scripts
./sshUserSetup.sh -user grid -hosts "rac1 rac2" -advanced –noPromptPassphrase
3.3 安裝前環境預檢查
su - grid
cd /u01/app/18.0.0/grid
./runcluvfy.sh stage -pre crsinst -n rac1,rac2 -fixup –verbose
3.4 開始安裝grid軟體
export DISPLAY=192.168.56.1:0.0
cd /u01/app/18.0.0/grid
./gridSetup.sh
分別在rac1,rac2執行上面2個腳本
執行完成後,點擊OK繼續完成安裝。
INS-20802 報錯可以忽略
至此grid軟體安裝完成。
第四部分 創建ASM磁碟組
su - grid
export DISPLAY=192.168.56.1:0.0
asmca
創建DATA和ARCH磁碟組
第五部分 安裝database軟體
5.1 解壓db軟體
su - oracle
unzip /soft/LINUX.X64_180000_db_home.zip –d /u01/app/oracle/product/18.0.0/db_1
5.2 開始安裝db軟體
su - oracle
export DISPLAY=192.168.56.1:0.0
cd /u01/app/oracle/product/18.0.0/db_1
./runInstaller
如果前面沒有配置oracle用戶的ssh對等性,則輸入oracle用戶密碼,點擊setup進行配置
分別在rac1,rac2節點執行/u01/app/oracle/product/18.0.0/db_1/root.sh腳本
至此database軟體安裝完成。
第六部分 創建資料庫
su - oracle
export DISPLAY=192.168.56.1:0.0
dbca
至此dbca創建資料庫完成。