Spring(二)scope、集合註入、自動裝配、生命周期

原文鏈接：http://www.orlion.ga/189/

一、scope

bean的scope屬性中常用的有兩種：singleton（單例，預設）和prototype(原型，每次創建新對象)

例:beans.xml

<bean id="userService" class="ml.orlion.service.UserService" scope="prototype">
    <property name="userDao" ref="userDao"/>
</bean>

在java文件中:

BeanFactory appContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
UserService userService = (UserService)appContext.getBean("userService");
UserService userServic2 = (UserService)appContext.getBean("userService");
System.out.println(userService == userServic2);// 輸出false

二、集合註入

UserDAOImpl.java:

package ml.orlion.dao.impl;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import ml.orlion.dao.UserDAO;
import ml.orlion.model.User;

public class UserDAOImpl implements UserDAO{
    
    private Set<String> sets;
    private List<String> lists;
    private Map<String , String> maps;
    
    public void saveUser(User user){
        System.out.println("save usering");
    }

    public Set<String> getSets() {
        return sets;
    }

    public void setSets(Set<String> sets) {
        this.sets = sets;
    }

    public List<String> getLists() {
        return lists;
    }

    public void setLists(List<String> lists) {
        this.lists = lists;
    }

    public Map<String, String> getMaps() {
        return maps;
    }

    public void setMaps(Map<String, String> maps) {
        this.maps = maps;
    }
    
    public String toString(){
        return sets.size() +"|"+ lists.size() +"|"+ maps.size();
    }
}

beans.xml中配置:

<bean id="userDao" class="ml.orlion.dao.impl.UserDAOImpl">
      
      <property name="sets">
          <set>
              <value>1</value>
          </set>
      </property>
      <property name="lists">
          <list>
              <value>1</value>
              <value>2</value>
          </list>
      </property>
      <property name="maps">
          <map>
              <entry key="1" value="1"></entry>
              <entry key="2" value="2"></entry>
              <entry key="3" value="3"></entry>
          </map>
      </property>
  </bean>

然後測試一下:

BeanFactory appContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
UserDAO userDao = (UserDAO) appContext.getBean("userDao");
System.out.println(userDao);// 輸出 1|2|3

三、自動裝配AutoWire

autowire屬性有六種值:autodatact、byName、byType、constructor、default、no

byName:按照名字自動去匹配

byType:按照類型自動匹配

UserDAOImpl.java:

package ml.orlion.dao.impl;

import ml.orlion.dao.UserDAO;
import ml.orlion.model.User;

public class UserDAOImpl implements UserDAO{
    // 添加id以區分
    private int daoId;
    
    public int getDaoId() {
        return daoId;
    }

    public void setDaoId(int daoId) {
        this.daoId = daoId;
    }

    public void saveUser(User user){
        System.out.println("save usering");
    }
    
    public String toString(){
        return "daoId" + daoId;
    }
}

beans.xml:

<bean id="userDao" class="ml.orlion.dao.impl.UserDAOImpl">
      
     <property name="daoId" value="1"></property>
  </bean>
  <bean id="userDao2" class="ml.orlion.dao.impl.UserDAOImpl">
     <property name="daoId" value="2"></property>
  </bean>

  <bean id="userService" class="ml.orlion.service.UserService" scope="prototype" autowire="byName">
  </bean>

測試一下：

BeanFactory appContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
UserService userService = (UserService) appContext.getBean("userService");
System.out.println(userService.getUserDao());

這時候會輸出daoId=1

註:如果所有的bean都用同一種，可以使用beans的屬性:defalut-autowire

四、生命周期

1、lazy-init

    lazy-init="true"則bean在Ioc容器初始化的時候不進行初始化

註:可以beans標簽上設置default-lazy-init="true"

2、init-method(bean初始化的時候執行)、destroy-method(bean銷毀的時候執行)

UserService.java

package ml.orlion.service;

import ml.orlion.dao.UserDAO;
import ml.orlion.dao.impl.UserDAOImpl;
import ml.orlion.model.User;

public class UserService {

    private UserDAO userDAO = new UserDAOImpl();

    public void init(){
        System.out.println("init");
    }
    
    public void destroy(){
        System.out.println("destroy");
    }
    public UserDAO getUserDao() {
        
        return userDAO;
    }

    public void setUserDao(UserDAO userDAO) {
        this.userDAO = userDAO;
    }
    
    public void saveUser(User user){
        this.userDAO.saveUser(user);
    }
}

beans.xml:

<bean id="userDao" class="ml.orlion.dao.impl.UserDAOImpl">
     <property name="daoId" value="1"/>
  </bean>

  <bean id="userService" class="ml.orlion.service.UserService" destroy-method="destroy" init-method="init">
      <property name="userDao" ref="userDao"/>
  </bean>

測試：

ClassPathXmlApplicationContext appContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
UserService userService = (UserService) appContext.getBean("userService");
appContext.destroy();// 需要主動調用該方法才會銷毀bean

註:scope="prototype"時，調用destroy不會銷毀bean。Ioc容器不會管理bean的生命周期