簡單的SpringMVC經典案例

主題：構建一個基於SpringMVC的HelloWord Web 項目

目的：快速體驗什麼是SpringMVC

方案：

　　1、創建工程，命名：SpringMVC

　　2、導包

　　3、在SRC下添加spring-mvc.xml配置文件

　　　（註意：名字可以隨便取，最好就是看上就知道是什麼）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
                http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">


</beans>

　　4、在web.xml配置封裝在Spring裡面的servlet--DispatcherServlet前端控制器，並指定spring-mvc.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
  <display-name>SpringMVC</display-name>
  <servlet>
      <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
      <!-- DispathcherServlet 前端控制器 -->
      <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
      <init-param>
          <!-- 變數名隨便取 -->
          <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
          <!-- 指定SpringMVC配置文件名 -->
          <param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
      </init-param>
      <!-- load-on-startup等於1，則表示容器啟動就實例化此Servlet -->
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>      
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
      <!-- 要與上面Servlet的名字對應 -->
      <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
      <!-- 用來匹配客戶端請求 -->
      <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

　　5、在spring-mvc.xml中配置 【HandlerMapping組件】------------------作用------>設置客戶端請求與Controller

　　　　　　　　　　　　           【InternalResourceViewResolver組件】--作用------>設置視圖配置

                                               【HelloController】------------------------作用------->測試請求處理

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
                http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <!-- 定義客戶端請求映射關係 -->
    <!-- HeanlerMapping是Spring核心組件之一 -->
    <bean id="headlerMapping" 
          class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
         <property name="mappings">
             <map>
                 <entry key="/hello.action">
                     <value>helloController</value>
                 </entry>
             </map>
         </property>
    </bean>
    
    <!-- 增加HelloController的Bean -->
    <bean id="helloController" class="controller.HelloController" />
    
    <!-- 定義視圖解釋器（Spring核心組件之一） -->
    <bean id="viewResolver" 
          class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
          <property name="prefix" value="WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
          <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

　　6、編寫HelloController【註意：需要實現Controller介面】

package controller;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;

public class HelloController implements Controller{

    @Override
    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1) throws Exception {
        ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("hello");
        System.out.println("處理hello.action請求");
        return mv;
    }
    
}

　　7、在WEB-INF文件夾下新增"jsp"文件夾，並添加hello.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
    歡迎來到Spring的世界！
</body>
</html>

　　8、跑起來吧兄弟們~然後訪問http://localhost/SpringMVC/hello.action，效果如下：