剛剛開始學習c++。之前c的內容掌握的也不多,基本只是一本概論課的程度,以前使用c的struct寫過的鏈表、用python寫過簡單的數據結構,就試著把兩者用c++寫出來,也是對c++的class,以及繼承中的public/protected/private的性質進行初步瞭解。第一次寫頭文件.h和源文 ...
剛剛開始學習c++。之前c的內容掌握的也不多,基本只是一本概論課的程度,以前使用c的struct寫過的鏈表、用python寫過簡單的數據結構,就試著把兩者用c++寫出來,也是對c++的class,以及繼承中的public/protected/private的性質進行初步瞭解。第一次寫頭文件.h和源文件.cpp分開的c++代碼。過程中參考了ProLyn和kgvito的代碼,基本就是百度“單鏈表 c++”的前幾個搜索結果。
節點listNode還是用struct來寫了,因為我想節點除了構造沒有什麼方法需要實現,變數和構造也總是需要處於public的狀態方便其他類函數調用。
棧是保持先進後出(First In Last Out, 或者FILO)的數據結構,在這裡只是定義了最基本的五種方法,實現從尾部添加、從尾部彈出;隊列是保持先進先出(First In First Out, FIFO)的數據結構,同樣定義了最基本的方法實現從尾部添加從頭部彈出。二者我都使用了private繼承,因為除了重新封裝list的幾種方法外,多數list的方法都不需要出現在這兩種數據結構中,我認為禁止public訪問這些方法比較好。
1 // linked_list.h 2 // Base class linked list "linkList", derived "linkStack" & "linkQueue" 3 typedef int DataType; 4 5 // constructing struct "listNode" 6 struct listNode 7 { 8 DataType nodeVal; 9 listNode* nextNode; 10 listNode(const DataType x); // listNode construct func 11 }; 12 13 // constructing base class "linklist" 14 class linkList 15 { 16 private: // private variables headNode & tailNode 17 listNode* headNode; 18 listNode* tailNode; 19 // construction functions, and operator overload 20 public: 21 linkList(); 22 linkList(const linkList& lista); 23 linkList& operator=(linkList& lista); 24 DataType operator[](int index); 25 // other functions, public 26 public: 27 bool isEmpty(); 28 void PrintList(); 29 void PushBack(const DataType& x); 30 void PushFront(const DataType& x); 31 void PopBack(); 32 void PopFront(); 33 DataType PeekBack(); 34 DataType PeekFront(); 35 void InsertNext(listNode* pos, DataType x); 36 void DeleteNext(listNode* pos); 37 void Delete(listNode* pos); 38 void Clear(); 39 void Remove(DataType x); 40 void RemoveAll(DataType x); 41 void Sort(); 42 int GetLength(); 43 listNode* Find(DataType x); 44 }; 45 46 // derived class linkStack 47 class linkStack : private linkList 48 { 49 public: 50 linkStack(); 51 linkStack(const linkStack& stack1); 52 linkStack& operator=(linkStack& stack1); 53 // the least functions needed 54 public: 55 bool isEmpty(); 56 int getSize(); 57 void PushBack(const DataType& x); 58 void PopBack(); 59 DataType PeekBack(); 60 }; 61 62 // derived class linkQueue 63 class linkQueue : private linkList 64 { 65 public: 66 linkQueue(); 67 linkQueue(const linkQueue& queue1); 68 linkQueue& operator=(linkQueue& queue1); 69 70 public: 71 bool isEmpty(); 72 int getSize(); 73 void PushBack(const DataType& x); 74 void PopFront(); 75 DataType PeekFront(); 76 }
對struct listNode,class linkList, linkStack, linkQueue的方法的具體實現,後兩者基本只是對於linkList的重新封裝,為了能在private繼承的子類中實現,也不得不在linkList中添加了一些沒什麼用處的函數。其中構造函數和賦值下標運算重載的寫法都是現學的…如果現學的不到位請不吝賜教!
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include "linked_list.h" 3 using namespace std; 4 // construction func for listNode 5 listNode::listNode(const DataType x) 6 :nodeVal(x), nextNode(nullptr) 7 {} 8 // construction funcs for linkList 9 linkList::linkList() // without argument 10 : headNode(nullptr), tailNode(nullptr) 11 {} 12 13 linkList::linkList(const linkList& lista) // with argument 14 : headNode(nullptr), tailNode(nullptr) 15 { 16 if (lista.headNode) { 17 listNode* tmp = lista.headNode; 18 while (tmp->nextNode) { 19 PushBack(tmp->nodeVal); 20 tmp = tmp->nextNode; 21 } 22 PushBack(tmp->nodeVal); 23 } 24 } 25 // operator reload = 26 linkList& linkList::operator=(linkList &lista) { 27 if (this != &lista) { 28 swap(headNode, lista.headNode); 29 swap(tailNode, lista.tailNode); 30 } 31 return *this; 32 } 33 // operator reload [](index) 34 DataType linkList::operator[](int index) { 35 if (index < 0 || headNode == nullptr) { 36 cout << "Invalid index!" << endl; 37 return -1; 38 } 39 else { 40 listNode* tmp = headNode; 41 int i; 42 while (tmp != nullptr && i < index) { 43 tmp = tmp->nextNode; 44 i++; 45 } 46 if (tmp == nullptr) { 47 cout << "Invalid index!" << endl; 48 return -1; 49 } 50 else { 51 return tmp->nodeVal; 52 } 53 } 54 } 55 56 bool linkList::isEmpty() { 57 if (headNode) { 58 return true; 59 } 60 else { 61 return false; 62 } 63 } 64 65 int linkList::GetLength() { 66 int count = 0; 67 listNode* tmp = headNode; 68 while (tmp) { 69 count++; 70 tmp = tmp->nextNode; 71 } 72 return count; 73 } 74 75 void linkList::PrintList() { 76 listNode* tmp = headNode; 77 if (tmp) { 78 cout << tmp->nodeVal; 79 tmp = tmp->nextNode; 80 while (tmp) { 81 cout << "->" << tmp->nodeVal; 82 tmp = tmp->nextNode; 83 } 84 cout << endl; 85 } 86 else { 87 cout << "Empty linked list!" << endl; 88 } 89 } 90 91 void linkList::PushBack(const DataType& x) { 92 if (headNode) { 93 tailNode->nextNode = new listNode(x); 94 tailNode = tailNode->nextNode; 95 } 96 else { 97 headNode = new listNode(x); 98 tailNode = headNode; 99 } 100 } 101 102 void linkList::PushFront(const DataType& x) { 103 if (headNode) { 104 listNode* tmp = new listNode(x); 105 tmp->nextNode = headNode; 106 headNode = tmp; 107 } 108 else { 109 headNode = new listNode(x); 110 tailNode = headNode; 111 } 112 } 113 114 void linkList::PopBack() { 115 if (headNode) { 116 if (headNode->nextNode) { 117 listNode* tmp = headNode; 118 while (tmp->nextNode != tailNode) { 119 tmp = tmp->nextNode; 120 } 121 delete tailNode; 122 tmp->nextNode = nullptr; 123 tailNode = tmp; 124 } 125 else { 126 delete headNode; 127 headNode = nullptr; 128 tailNode = nullptr; 129 } 130 } 131 else { 132 cout << "Empty linked list!" << endl; 133 } 134 } 135 136 void linkList::PopFront() { 137 if (headNode) { 138 if (headNode->nextNode) { 139 listNode* tmp = headNode->nextNode; 140 delete headNode; 141 headNode = tmp; 142 } 143 else { 144 delete headNode; 145 headNode = nullptr; 146 tailNode = nullptr; 147 } 148 } 149 else { 150 cout << "Empty linked list!" << endl; 151 } 152 } 153 154 DataType linkList::PeekBack() { 155 if (tailNode) { 156 return tailNode->nodeVal; 157 } 158 else { 159 cout << "Empty linked list!" << endl; 160 return -1; 161 } 162 } 163 164 DataType linkList::PeekFront() { 165 if (headNode) { 166 return headNode->nodeVal; 167 } 168 else { 169 cout << "Empty linked list!" << endl; 170 return -1; 171 } 172 } 173 174 listNode* linkList::Find(DataType x) { 175 listNode* targetNode = headNode; 176 while (targetNode) { 177 if (targetNode->nodeVal == x) {break;} 178 } 179 return targetNode; 180 } 181 182 void linkList::InsertNext(listNode* pos, DataType x) { 183 if (pos) { 184 if (pos == tailNode) { 185 listNode* tmp = new listNode(x); 186 pos->nextNode = tmp; 187 tailNode = tmp; 188 } 189 else { 190 listNode* tmp = new listNode(x); 191 tmp->nextNode = pos->nextNode; 192 pos->nextNode = tmp; 193 } 194 } 195 else { 196 cout << "Invalid position!" << endl; 197 } 198 } 199 200 void linkList::DeleteNext(listNode* pos) { 201 if (pos) { 202 if (pos == tailNode) { 203 cout << "Invalid node!" << endl; 204 } 205 else { 206 listNode* tmp = (pos->nextNode)->nextNode; 207 delete pos->nextNode; 208 pos->nextNode = tmp; 209 } 210 } 211 else { 212 cout << "Invalid node!" << endl; 213 } 214 } 215 216 void linkList::Remove(DataType x) { 217 if (headNode) { 218 if (headNode->nextNode) { 219 listNode* tmp = headNode; 220 while (tmp->nextNode) { 221 if ((tmp->nextNode)->nodeVal == x) { 222 DeleteNext(tmp); 223 break; 224 } 225 tmp = tmp->nextNode; 226 } 227 } 228 else { 229 if (headNode->nodeVal == x) {PopFront();} 230 } 231 } 232 } 233 234 void linkList::RemoveAll(DataType x) { 235 if (headNode) { 236 listNode* tmp = headNode; 237 while (tmp->nextNode) { 238 if ((tmp->nextNode)->nodeVal == x) { 239 if (tmp->nextNode == tailNode){ 240 PopBack(); 241 break; 242 } 243 else {DeleteNext(tmp);} 244 } 245 tmp = tmp->nextNode; 246 } 247 if (tmp->nodeVal == x) { 248 PopBack(); 249 } 250 } 251 } 252 253 void linkList::Clear() { 254 if (headNode) { 255 listNode* prev = headNode; 256 listNode* tmp; 257 while (prev->nextNode) { 258 tmp = prev->nextNode; 259 delete prev; 260 prev = tmp; 261 } 262 headNode = nullptr; 263 tailNode = nullptr; 264 } 265 } 266 // construction funcs for linkStack 267 linkStack::linkStack() // without arguments 268 :linkList() 269 {} 270 271 linkStack::linkStack(const linkStack& stack1) // with an argument 272 :linkList(stack1) 273 {} 274 // other public funcs for linkStack 275 bool linkStack::isEmpty() { 276 return linkList::isEmpty(); 277 } 278 279 int linkStack::getSize() { 280 return linkList::GetLength(); 281 } 282 283 void linkStack::PushBack(const DataType& x) { 284 linkList::PushBack(x); 285 } 286 287 void linkStack::PopBack() { 288 linkList::PopBack(); 289 } 290 291 DataType linkStack::PeekBack() { 292 return linkList::PeekBack(); 293 } 294 // construction funcs for linkQueue 295 linkQueue::linkQueue() 296 :linkList() 297 {} 298 299 linkQueue::linkQueue(const linkQueue& queue1) 300 :linkList(queue1) 301 {} 302 // other public funcs for linkQueue 303 bool linkQueue::isEmpty() { 304 return linkList::isEmpty(); 305 } 306 307 int linkQueue::getSize() { 308 return linkList::GetLength(); 309 } 310 311 void linkQueue::PushBack(const DataType& x) { 312 linkList::PushBack(x); 313 } 314 315 void linkQueue::PopFront() { 316 linkList::PopFront(); 317 } 318 319 DataType linkQueue::PeekFront() { 320 return linkList::PeekFront(); 321 }
最後還有測試代碼,和主題沒什麼關係,但是從以前用python學習數據結構開始我就喜好把測試代碼寫成假互動式,所以索性貼在這裡方便取用。
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include "linked_list.h" 3 #include <stdlib.h> 4 #include <map> 5 6 using namespace std; 7 8 static map<string, int>stringVal { 9 {"Exit", 0}, 10 {"Printlist", 1}, 11 {"Pushback", 2}, 12 {"Pushfront", 3}, 13 {"Popback", 4}, 14 {"Popfront", 5}, 15 {"Clear", 6}, 16 {"Remove", 7}, 17 {"Removeall", 8}, 18 {"Sort", 9}, 19 {"Getlength", 10}, 20 {"Index", 11}, 21 {"Peekback", 12}, 22 {"Peekfront", 13} 23 }; 24 25 int test_list() { 26 linkList list1; 27 cout << ">> Linked list tesing.\n" 28 ">> Enter a direction, namely Printlist, Pushback, Pushfront, Popback, Peekback, " 29 "Popfront, Peekfront, Clear, Remove, Removeall, Sort, Getlength or Index," 30 "enter Exit to exit." << endl; 31 string direction; 32 DataType parameter; 33 int param; 34 while (1) { 35 cout << ">> "; 36 cout.flush(); 37 cin >> direction; 38 switch(stringVal[direction]) 39 { 40 case 0: 41 return 0; 42 case 1: 43 list1.PrintList(); 44 break; 45 case 2: 46 cin >> parameter; 47 list1.PushBack(parameter); 48 break; 49 case 3: 50 cin >> parameter; 51 list1.PushFront(parameter); 52 break; 53 case 4: 54 list1.PopBack(); 55 break; 56 case 5: 57 list1.PopFront(); 58 break; 59 case 6: 60 list1.Clear(); 61 break; 62 case 7: 63 cin >> parameter; 64 list1.Remove(parameter); 65 break; 66 case 8: 67 cin >> parameter; 68 list1.RemoveAll(parameter); 69 break; 70 /* case 9: 71 list1.Sort(); 72 break;*/ 73 case 10: 74 param = list1.GetLength(); 75 cout << ">> " << param << endl; 76 break; 77 case 11: 78 cin >> param; 79 parameter = list1[param]; 80 cout << ">> " << parameter << endl; 81 break; 82 case 12: 83 parameter = list1.PeekBack(); 84 cout << ">> " << parameter << endl; 85 break; 86 case 13: 87 parameter = list1.PeekFront(); 88 cout << ">> " << parameter << endl; 89 } 90 } 91 return 0; 92 } 93 94 int test_stack() { 95 linkStack stack1; 96 cout << ">> Linked list stack tesing.\n" 97 ">> Enter a direction, namely Pushback, Popback or Peekback, " 98 "enter Exit to exit." << endl; 99 string direction; 100 DataType parameter; 101 int param; 102 while (1) { 103 cout << ">> "; 104 cout.flush(); 105 cin >> direction; 106 switch(stringVal[direction]) 107