1.複製/etc/skel目錄為/home/tuser1,要求/home/tuser1及其內部文件的屬組和其它用戶均沒有任何訪問許可權。 2.編輯/etc/group文件,添加組hadoop。 3.手動編輯/etc/passwd文件新增一行,添加用戶hadoop,其基本組ID為hadoop組的id號; ...
1.複製/etc/skel目錄為/home/tuser1,要求/home/tuser1及其內部文件的屬組和其它用戶均沒有任何訪問許可權。
[root@centos7 ~]#cp -rv /etc/skel/ /home/tuser1
‘/etc/skel/’ -> ‘/home/tuser1’
‘/etc/skel/.mozilla’ -> ‘/home/tuser1/.mozilla’
‘/etc/skel/.mozilla/extensions’ -> ‘/home/tuser1/.mozilla/extensions’
‘/etc/skel/.mozilla/plugins’ -> ‘/home/tuser1/.mozilla/plugins’
‘/etc/skel/.bash_logout’ -> ‘/home/tuser1/.bash_logout’
‘/etc/skel/.bash_profile’ -> ‘/home/tuser1/.bash_profile’
‘/etc/skel/.bashrc’ -> ‘/home/tuser1/.bashrc’
[root@centos7 ~]#chmod -R 700 /home/tuser1/
[root@centos7 ~]#ll -a /home/tuser1/
total 12
drwx------. 3 root root 78 Jul 14 17:19 .
drwxr-xr-x. 11 root root 133 Jul 14 17:19 ..
-rwx------. 1 root root 18 Jul 14 17:19 .bash_logout
-rwx------. 1 root root 193 Jul 14 17:19 .bash_profile
-rwx------. 1 root root 231 Jul 14 17:19 .bashrc
drwx------. 4 root root 39 Jul 14 17:19 .mozilla
2.編輯/etc/group文件,添加組hadoop。
[root@centos7 ~]#vim /etc/group
-使用vim編輯器打開/etc/group文件,輸入G跳轉到最後一行,然後輸入o進入編輯模式,添加:hadoop:x:5004後點擊esc鍵後輸入:wq,保存退出。
[root@centos7 ~]#tail -1 /etc/group
hadoop:x:5004
3.手動編輯/etc/passwd文件新增一行,添加用戶hadoop,其基本組ID為hadoop組的id號;其家目錄為/home/hadoop。
[root@centos7 ~]#vim /etc/passwd
-使用vim編輯器打開/etc/passwd文件,輸入G跳轉到最後一行,然後輸入o進入編輯模式,添加hadoop:x:2003:5004::/home/hadoop:/bin/bash後點擊esc鍵後輸入:wq,保存退出:
[root@centos7 ~]#tail -1 /etc/passwd
hadoop:x:2003:5004::/home/hadoop:/bin/bash
4.複製/etc/skel目錄為/home/hadoop,要求修改hadoop目錄的屬組和其它用戶沒有任何訪問許可權。
[root@centos7 ~]#cp -rv /etc/skel/ /home/hadoop
‘/etc/skel/’ -> ‘/home/hadoop’
‘/etc/skel/.mozilla’ -> ‘/home/hadoop/.mozilla’
‘/etc/skel/.mozilla/extensions’ -> ‘/home/hadoop/.mozilla/extensions’
‘/etc/skel/.mozilla/plugins’ -> ‘/home/hadoop/.mozilla/plugins’
‘/etc/skel/.bash_logout’ -> ‘/home/hadoop/.bash_logout’
‘/etc/skel/.bash_profile’ -> ‘/home/hadoop/.bash_profile’
‘/etc/skel/.bashrc’ -> ‘/home/hadoop/.bashrc’
[root@centos7 ~]#chmod 700 /home/hadoop/
5.修改/home/hadoop目錄及其內部所有文件的屬主為hadoop,屬組為hadoop。
[root@centos7 ~]#chown -R hadoop:hadoop /home/hadoop/
[root@centos7 ~]#ll -a /home/hadoop/
total 12
drwx------. 3 hadoop hadoop 78 Jul 14 20:24 .
drwxr-xr-x. 12 root root 147 Jul 14 20:24 ..
-rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 18 Jul 14 20:24 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 193 Jul 14 20:24 .bash_profile
-rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 231 Jul 14 20:24 .bashrc
drwxr-xr-x. 4 hadoop hadoop 39 Jul 14 20:24 .mozilla
6.顯示/proc/meminfo文件中以大寫或小寫S開頭的行;用兩種方式;
第一種方式:
[root@centos7 ~]#grep ^[sS] /proc/meminfo
SwapCached: 0 kB
SwapTotal: 2097148 kB
SwapFree: 2097148 kB
Shmem: 7416 kB
Slab: 75744 kB
SReclaimable: 28976 kB
SUnreclaim: 46768 kB
第二種方式:
[root@centos7 ~]#grep -i ^s /proc/meminfo
SwapCached: 0 kB
SwapTotal: 2097148 kB
SwapFree: 2097148 kB
Shmem: 7416 kB
Slab: 75744 kB
SReclaimable: 28976 kB
SUnreclaim: 46768 kB
7.顯示/etc/passwd文件中其預設shell為非/sbin/nologin的用戶;
[root@centos7 ~]#grep -v "/sbin/nologin$" /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
wang:x:1000:1000:wang:/home/wang:/bin/bash
gentoo:x:4001:4001::/home/gentoo:/bin/bash
fedora:x:4002:4002:Fedora Core:/home/fedora:/bin/tcsh
user2:x:4004:4004::/home/user2:/bin/bash
centos:x:4005:4005::/home/centos:/bin/bash
mageia:x:1100:1100::/home/linux:/bin/bash
slackware:x:2002:2016::/home/slackware:/bin/tcsh
hadoop:x:2003:5004::/home/hadoop:/bin/bash
8.顯示/etc/passwd文件中其預設shell為/bin/bash的用戶;
[root@centos7 ~]#grep /bin/bash$ /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f1
root
wang
gentoo
user2
centos
mageia
hadoop
9.找出/etc/passwd文件中的一位數或兩位數;
方式1:
[root@centos7 ~]#grep "\<[0-9]\{1,2\}\>" /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/lib/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin
saslauth:x:996:76:Saslauthd user:/run/saslauthd:/sbin/nologin
rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin
tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin
radvd:x:75:75:radvd user:/:/sbin/nologin
gdm:x:42:42::/var/lib/gdm:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
avahi:x:70:70:Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin
方式2:
[root@centos7 ~]#grep "\<[0-9][0-9]\?\>" /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/lib/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin
saslauth:x:996:76:Saslauthd user:/run/saslauthd:/sbin/nologin
rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin
tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin
radvd:x:75:75:radvd user:/:/sbin/nologin
gdm:x:42:42::/var/lib/gdm:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
avahi:x:70:70:Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin
10.顯示/boot/grub/grub.conf中以至少一個空白字元開頭的行;
方式1:
[root@centos6 ~]#grep "^[[:space:]]\+" /boot/grub/grub.conf
title CentOS 6 (2.6.32-696.el6.x86_64)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-696.el6.x86_64 ro root=UUID=8b390a6d-81d8-4c7d-a263-1aec5212b535 rd_NO_LUKS rd_NO_LVM LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_NO_MD SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=auto KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet
initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-696.el6.x86_64.img
方式2:
[root@centos6 ~]#grep "^[[:space:]]\{1,\}" /boot/grub/grub.conf
title CentOS 6 (2.6.32-696.el6.x86_64)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-696.el6.x86_64 ro root=UUID=8b390a6d-81d8-4c7d-a263-1aec5212b535 rd_NO_LUKS rd_NO_LVM LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_NO_MD SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=auto KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet
initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-696.el6.x86_64.img
11.顯示/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit文件中以#開頭,後面跟至少一個空白字元,而後又有至少一個非空白字元的行;
[root@centos6 ~]#grep "^#[[:space:]]\{1,\}[^[:space:]]\{1,\}" /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit
# /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit - run once at boot time
# Taken in part from Miquel van Smoorenburg's bcheckrc.
# Check SELinux status
# Print a text banner.
# Only read this once.
# Initialize hardware
# Set default affinity
# Load other user-defined modules
# Load modules (for backward compatibility with VARs)
# Configure kernel parameters
# Set the hostname.
# Sync waiting for storage.
# Device mapper & related initialization
# Start any MD RAID arrays that haven't been started yet
# Remount the root filesystem read-write.
# Clean up SELinux labels
# If relabeling, relabel mount points.
# Mount all other filesystems (except for NFS and /proc, which is already
# mounted). Contrary to standard usage,
# filesystems are NOT unmounted in single user mode.
# The 'no' applies to all listed filesystem types. See mount(8).
# Check to see if a full relabel is needed
# Update quotas if necessary
# Initialize pseudo-random number generator
# Configure machine if necessary.
# Clean out /.
# Do we need (w|u)tmpx files? We don't set them up, but the sysadmin might...
# Clean up /var.
# Clean up utmp/wtmp
# Clean up various /tmp bits
# Make ICE directory
# Start up swapping.
# Set up binfmt_misc
# Boot time profiles. Yes, this should be somewhere else.
# Now that we have all of our basic modules loaded and the kernel going,
# let's dump the syslog ring somewhere so we can find it later
# create the crash indicator flag to warn on crashes, offer fsck with timeout
# Let rhgb know that we're leaving rc.sysinit
12.打出netstat -tan命令執行結果中以‘LISTEN’,後或跟空白字元結尾的行;
[root@centos7 ~]#netstat -tan | grep "LISTEN*[[:space:]]"
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN
13.添加用戶bash, testbash, basher, nologin (此一個用戶的shell為/sbin/nologin),而後找出當前系統上其用戶名和預設shell相同的用戶的信息;
[root@centos7 ~]#grep "^\([[:alnum:]]\+\)\>.*\1$" /etc/passwd
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
或
[root@centos7 ~]#grep -E "^([[:alnum:]]+)\>.*\1$" /etc/passwd
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt