MySQL 8.0終於支持降序索引了。其實,從語法上,MySQL 4就支持了,但正如官方文檔所言,"they are parsed but ignored",實際創建的還是升序索引。 無圖無真相,同一個建表語句,看看MySQL 5.7和8.0的區別。 create table slowtech.t1 ...
MySQL 8.0終於支持降序索引了。其實,從語法上,MySQL 4就支持了,但正如官方文檔所言,"they are parsed but ignored",實際創建的還是升序索引。 無圖無真相,同一個建表語句,看看MySQL 5.7和8.0的區別。
create table slowtech.t1(c1 int,c2 int,index idx_c1_c2(c1,c2 desc));
MySQL 5.7
mysql> show create table slowtech.t1\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Table: t1 Create Table: CREATE TABLE `t1` ( `c1` int(11) DEFAULT NULL, `c2` int(11) DEFAULT NULL, KEY `idx_c1_c2` (`c1`,`c2`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 1 row in set (0.00 sec)雖然c2列指定了desc,但在實際的建表語句中還是將其忽略了。再來看看MySQL 8.0的結果。
mysql> show create table slowtech.t1\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Table: t1 Create Table: CREATE TABLE `t1` ( `c1` int(11) DEFAULT NULL, `c2` int(11) DEFAULT NULL, KEY `idx_c1_c2` (`c1`,`c2` DESC) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
c2列還是保留了desc子句。
降序索引的意義 如果一個查詢,需要對多個列進行排序,且順序要求不一致。在這種場景下,要想避免資料庫額外的排序-“filesort”,只能使用降序索引。還是上面這張表,來看看有降序索引和沒有的區別。 MySQL 5.7
mysql> explain select * from slowtech.t1 order by c1,c2 desc; +----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+-----------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------------------+ | id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra | +----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+-----------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------------------+ | 1 | SIMPLE | t1 | NULL | index | NULL | idx_c1_c2 | 10 | NULL | 1 | 100.00 | Using index; Using filesort | +----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+-----------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------------------+ 1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
MySQL 8.0
mysql> explain select * from slowtech.t1 order by c1,c2 desc; +----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+-----------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+ | id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra | +----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+-----------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+ | 1 | SIMPLE | t1 | NULL | index | NULL | idx_c1_c2 | 10 | NULL | 1 | 100.00 | Using index | +----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+-----------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+ 1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
兩者的對比可以看出,MySQL 8.0因為降序索引的存在,避免了“filesort”。 這其實是降序索引的主要應用場景。如果只對單個列進行排序,降序索引的意義不是太大,無論是升序還是降序,升序索引完全可以應付。還是同樣的表,看看下麵的查詢。 MySQL 5.7
mysql> explain select * from slowtech.t1 order by c1; +----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+-----------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+ | id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra | +----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+-----------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+ | 1 | SIMPLE | t1 | NULL | index | NULL | idx_c1_c2 | 10 | NULL | 1 | 100.00 | Using index | +----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+-----------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+ 1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec) mysql> explain select * from slowtech.t1 order by c1 desc; +----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+-----------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+ | id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra | +----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+-----------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+ | 1 | SIMPLE | t1 | NULL | index | NULL | idx_c1_c2 | 10 | NULL | 1 | 100.00 | Using index | +----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+-----------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+ 1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
雖然c1是升序索引,但在第二個查詢中,對其進行降序排列時,並沒有進行額外的排序,使用的還是索引。在這裡,大家容易產生誤區,以為升序索引就不能用於降序排列,實際上,對於索引,MySQL不僅支持正向掃描,還可以反向掃描。反向掃描的性能同樣不差。以下是官方對於降序索引的壓測結果,測試表也只有兩列(a,b),建了一個聯合索引(a desc,b asc),感興趣的童鞋可以看看,http://mysqlserverteam.com/mysql-8-0-labs-descending-indexes-in-mysql/
而在8.0中,對於反向掃描,有一個專門的詞進行描述“Backward index scan”。 MySQL 8.0
mysql> explain select * from slowtech.t1 order by c1; +----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+-----------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+ | id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra | +----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+-----------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+ | 1 | SIMPLE | t1 | NULL | index | NULL | idx_c1_c2 | 10 | NULL | 1 | 100.00 | Using index | +----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+-----------+---------+------+------+----------+-------------+ 1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec) mysql> explain select * from slowtech.t1 order by c1 desc; +----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+-----------+---------+------+------+----------+----------------------------------+ | id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra | +----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+-----------+---------+------+------+----------+----------------------------------+ | 1 | SIMPLE | t1 | NULL | index | NULL | idx_c1_c2 | 10 | NULL | 1 | 100.00 | Backward index scan; Using index | +----+-------------+-------+------------+-------+---------------+-----------+---------+------+------+----------+----------------------------------+ 1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
終於不再對group by進行隱式排序
由於降序索引的引入,MySQL 8.0再也不會對group by操作進行隱式排序。 下麵看看MySQL 5.7和8中的測試情況create table slowtech.t1(id int); insert into slowtech.t1 values(2); insert into slowtech.t1 values(3); insert into slowtech.t1 values(1);
MySQL 5.7
mysql> select * from slowtech.t1 group by id; +------+ | id | +------+ | 1 | | 2 | | 3 | +------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> explain select * from slowtech.t1 group by id; +----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+---------------------------------+ | id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra | +----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+---------------------------------+ | 1 | SIMPLE | t1 | NULL | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 3 | 100.00 | Using temporary; Using filesort | +----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+---------------------------------+ 1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
“Using filesort”,代表查詢中有排序操作,從結果上看,id列確實也是升序輸出。
MySQL 8.0
mysql> select * from slowtech.t1 group by id; +------+ | id | +------+ | 2 | | 3 | | 1 | +------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> explain select * from slowtech.t1 group by id; +----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------+ | id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra | +----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------+ | 1 | SIMPLE | t1 | NULL | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 3 | 100.00 | Using temporary | +----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------+ 1 row in set, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
不僅結果沒有升序輸出,執行計劃中也沒有“Using filesort”。
可見,MySQL 8.0對於group by操作確實不再進行隱式排序。
從5.7升級到8.0,依賴group by隱式排序的業務可要小心咯。 參考文檔 http://mysqlserverteam.com/mysql-8-0-labs-descending-indexes-in-mysql/