二進位安裝 (CentOS7 + MariaDB 10.2.8) 安裝前準備 1. 關閉NUMA 2. 檢查NUMA 限制設置 ulimit a查看 主要查看open files，max user processes的限制設置。 open files系統打開文件過多，會報 OS error code ...
二進位安裝
(CentOS7 + MariaDB 10.2.8)
安裝前準備
1. 關閉NUMA
numctl -interleave=all /path/mysqdd --defaults-file=/path/my.cnf
https://access.redhat.com/solutions/232162. 檢查NUMA
numactl --show
numactl --hardware限制設置
ulimit -a查看
主要查看open files，max user processes的限制設置。
open files系統打開文件過多，會報 OS error code 24: Too many open files的錯誤。
直接修改/etc/security/limits.conf文件，需重啟OS生效。
vim /etc/security/limits.conf
* soft nproc 65535
* hard nproc 65535
* soft nofile 65535
* hard nofile 655353. Swap
原則：要麼不分配，要麼最多分配4GB
查看：
sysctl -a | grep vm.swappiness
臨時性修改（等號兩邊沒有空格）：
sysctl vm.swappiness=0
sysctl -p永久修改（需重啟OS生效）：
vim /etc/sysctl.conf
vm.swappiness=0如果沒有，在最後添加一行。
4. CPU
關閉硬體的節能模式，開啟高性能模式
5. 文件系統
建議XFS
mysql資料庫所在/data目錄單獨一個掛載分區
6. SELinux & iptables
臨時性關閉SELinux
setenforce 0永久關閉
vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux
SELINUX=disabled臨時性關閉iptables
service iptables stop永久關閉
chkconfig --del iptables如果是CentOS 7下關閉firewall
systemctl stop firewall
systemctl disable firewall7. IO調度
raid
正式安裝
1. 創建賬號
groupadd mysql運行的mysql賬號不能登錄linux
useradd -g mysql -d /usr/local/mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql
id mysql2. 基本軟體安裝
mkdir -p /opt/mysql
cd /opt/mysql
wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mariadb//mariadb-10.2.8/bintar-linux-x86_64/mariadb-10.2.8-linux-x86_64.tar.gz
tar -zxvf mariadb-10.2.8-linux-x86_64.tar.gz
cd /usr/local/
ln -s /opt/mysql/mariadb-10.2.8-linux-x86_64 mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql mysql mysql/3. 資料庫相關的目錄
mkdir -p /data/mysql/mysql3306/{data,log,tmp}
cd /data/
chown -R mysql:mysql mysql配置文件：/etc/my.cnf
以下為4G記憶體，4核邏輯CPU的my.cnf參考，需要根據生產實際情況而調整：
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /data/mysql/mysql3306/tmp/mysql3306.sock
default-character-set = utf8mb4
[mysql]
auto-rehash
prompt = "\\u@\\h [\\d]"
default-character-set = utf8mb4
[mysqld]
user = mysql
port = 3306
socket = /data/mysql/mysql3306/tmp/mysql3306.sock
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /data/mysql/mysql3306/data
tmpdir = /data/mysql/mysql3306/tmp
#character set
character-set-server = utf8mb4
open_files_limit = 65535
max_connections = 200
max_connect_errors = 100000
#logs
log-error = /data/mysql/mysql3306/log/error.log
slow_query_log = 1
long_query_time = 1
slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/mysql3306/log/slow.log
#binlog
log-bin = /data/mysql/mysql3306/log/mysql-bin
binlog_format = row
binlog_cache_size = 4M
max_binlog_cache_size = 1000M
max_binlog_size = 500M
sync_binlog = 1
expire_logs_days = 7
#replication
#server-id format: port of mysql + last two segments of ip
server-id = 3306137244
relay_log = /data/mysql/mysql3306/log/relay-bin
log_slave_updates = 1
#innodb
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1G:autoextend
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2560M
innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 8
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_io_capacity = 2000
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 50
innodb_log_file_size = 1G
innodb_log_buffer_size = 32M
innodb_rollback_on_timeout = 1
innodb_status_file = 1
#transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
#buffer & cache
table_open_cache = 2048
table_definition_cache = 2048
max_heap_table_size = 32M
sort_buffer_size = 4M
join_buffer_size = 4M
thread_cache_size = 100
query_cache_size = 0
query_cache_type = 0
query_cache_min_res_unit = 512
thread_stack = 512K
tmp_table_size = 96M
key_buffer_size = 32M
read_buffer_size = 8M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 8M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
#time
default-time-zone = '+08:00'
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 128M
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 16M
sort_buffer_size = 32M4. 初始化
cd /usr/local/mysql
./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql如果不是配置文件不是預設目錄，指定一下。(--defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf必須是第一個參數)
./scripts/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/etc/my3307.cnf --user=mysql註意：一定要用相對路徑來安裝，否則會報：FATAL ERROR: Could not find ./bin/my_print_defaults的錯誤。
5. 啟動
cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
/etc/init.d/mysql start或
service mysql start如果要加入系統自動啟動（生產環境一般不會設置自動啟動）
chkconfig --add mysql官網有提到使用以下啟動方式： (https://mariadb.com/kb/en/the-mariadb-library/installing-mariadb-binary-tarballs)
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf &不能使用service msyql stop的方法來關閉，可使用/etc/init.d/mysql stop或mysqladmin -uroot -p shutdown或kill 進程來關閉（KILL的方式不推薦）
6. 連接mysql
如果在shell下輸入mysql顯示command not found 是環境變數沒有設置好。
echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin' >>/etc/profile
source /etc/profile在本機使用socket文件連接
mysql -S /data/mysql/mysql3306/tmp/mysql3306.sock -uroot -p使用TCP/IP連接
mysql -uroot -p -h127.0.0.1- 安全加固
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'my_password';
DELETE FROM mysql.user WHERE user = '';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS `test`;- 關閉mysql
/etc/init.d/mysql stop或
service mysql stop
