linux 內核版本 2.6.27.29 /* * linux/arch/arm/kernel/head.S * Kernel startup code for all 32-bit CPUs */ #include <linux/linkage.h> #include <linux/init.h> ...
linux 內核版本 2.6.27.29 /* * linux/arch/arm/kernel/head.S * Kernel startup code for all 32-bit CPUs */ #include <linux/linkage.h> #include <linux/init.h> #include <asm/assembler.h> #include <asm/domain.h> #include <asm/ptrace.h> #include <asm/asm-offsets.h> #include <asm/memory.h> #include <asm/thread_info.h> #include <asm/system.h> #if (PHYS_OFFSET & 0x001fffff) #error "PHYS_OFFSET must be at an even 2MiB boundary!" #endif //PAGE_OFFSET 內核空間的起始虛擬地址 0xc0000000 @ include/asm-arm/memeory.h// //TEXT_OFFSET 內核在RAM中起始位置相對於RAM起始地址的偏移 0x00008000 @ arch/arm/Makefile +131// //PHYS_OFFSET RAM的起始物理地址 平臺相關 @ include/asm-arm/arch- *** /memory.h// #define KERNEL_RAM_VADDR (PAGE_OFFSET + TEXT_OFFSET) #define KERNEL_RAM_PADDR (PHYS_OFFSET + TEXT_OFFSET) /* * swapper_pg_dir is the virtual address of the initial page table. * We place the page tables 16K below KERNEL_RAM_VADDR. Therefore, we must * make sure that KERNEL_RAM_VADDR is correctly set. Currently, we expect * the least significant 16 bits to be 0x8000, but we could probably * relax this restriction to KERNEL_RAM_VADDR >= PAGE_OFFSET + 0x4000. */ #if (KERNEL_RAM_VADDR & 0xffff) != 0x8000 #error KERNEL_RAM_VADDR must start at 0xXXXX8000 #endif .globl swapper_pg_dir .equ swapper_pg_dir, KERNEL_RAM_VADDR - 0x4000 .macro pgtbl, rd ldr \rd, =(KERNEL_RAM_PADDR - 0x4000) .endm #ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL #define KERNEL_START XIP_VIRT_ADDR(CONFIG_XIP_PHYS_ADDR) #define KERNEL_END _edata_loc #else #define KERNEL_START KERNEL_RAM_VADDR //0xc0008000 #define KERNEL_END _end #endif /* * 內核啟動入口 stext,bootloader 執行完成後通過調用stext進入內核 * --------------------------- * * This is normally called from the decompressor code. The requirements * are: MMU = off, D-cache = off, I-cache = dont care, r0 = 0, * r1 = machine nr, r2 = atags pointer. * * This code is mostly position independent, so if you link the kernel at * 0xc0008000, you call this at __pa(0xc0008000). * * See linux/arch/arm/tools/mach-types for the complete list of machine * numbers for r1. * * We're trying to keep crap to a minimum; DO NOT add any machine specific * crap here - that's what the boot loader (or in extreme, well justified * circumstances, zImage) is for. */ .section ".text.head", "ax" .type stext, %function ENTRY(stext) msr cpsr_c, #PSR_F_BIT | PSR_I_BIT | SVC_MODE @ ensure svc mode @ and irqs disabled msr把通用寄存器的數據寫入程式狀態寄存器 msr {cond} <SR>{<_><fsxc>},<Rn|immed> SR: CPSR, SPSR <fxsc>: f表示改寫狀態寄存器種的24-31bit s表示改寫狀態寄存器種的16-23bit x表示改寫狀態寄存器種的8-15bit c表示改寫狀態寄存器種的0-7bit mrc p15, 0, r9, c0, c0 @ get processor id 將c0的值傳給r9 mrc將協處理器p15的內容傳到寄存器中 mrc {cond} <coproc>,<opcode_1>,<Rd>,<CRn>,<CRm>{,opcode_2} coproc 協處理器編號 opcode_1表示協處理器的執行操作碼 bl __lookup_processor_type @ r5=procinfo r9=cpuid 在 __proc_info_begin ~ __proc_info_end 這個段中尋找對應 cpuid(r9)的 struct proc_info_list 結構體內容找到之後將該結構體首地址存入r5 返回 movs r10, r5 @ invalid processor (r5=0)? movs <Rd>,<operand> 將r5 賦給r10 movs 中的s表示執行結果影響cpsr中的標誌位 beq __error_p @ yes, error 'p' bl __lookup_machine_type @ r5=machinfo movs r8, r5 @ invalid machine (r5=0)? beq __error_a @ yes, error 'a' bl __vet_atags 判斷內核參數格式是否正確? 有疑問 bl __create_page_tables /* * The following calls CPU specific code in a position independent * manner. See arch/arm/mm/proc-*.S for details. r10 = base of * xxx_proc_info structure selected by __lookup_machine_type * above. On return, the CPU will be ready for the MMU to be * turned on, and r0 will hold the CPU control register value. */ ldr r13, __switch_data @ address to jump to after @ mmu has been enabled 下麵的__enable_mmu調用 __turn_mmu_on, __turn_mmu_on執行完成後修改pc=r13 ldr{cond}{h|b} Rd,<addr_mode> {h|b} h表示裝載存儲半字數據(16bits)並自動清除Rd的高16bits b裝載低8bits。。。 adr lr, __enable_mmu @ return (PIC) address adr 偽指令 將__enable_mmu的地址賦值給lr寄存器 add pc, r10, #PROCINFO_INITFUNC PROCINFO_INITFUNC 定義位於 /linux-2.6.27.29/arm/kernel/asm-offsets.c:DEFINE(PROCINFO_INITFUNC, offsetof(struct proc_info_list, __cpu_flush)); 即程式跳轉到對應cpu的 struct proc_info_list 結構體中的 __cpu_flush成員存儲的函數地址去執行 對應cpu的結構體內容定義在arch/arm/mm/proc-(cpu型號).S中 對應465行 r10存儲的是從r5得到的procinfo的基地址, PROCINFO_INITFUNC是在 arch/arm/kernel/asm-offset.c 中107行定義. 該行將pc設為 proc_info_list的 __cpu_flush 對象的地址 __cpu_flush 函數執行完成後跳轉至lr地址處,即__enable_mmu函數 以下代碼SMP cpu 適用!! #if defined(CONFIG_SMP) .type secondary_startup, #function ENTRY(secondary_startup) /* * Common entry point for secondary CPUs. * * Ensure that we're in SVC mode, and IRQs are disabled. Lookup * the processor type - there is no need to check the machine type * as it has already been validated by the primary processor. */ msr cpsr_c, #PSR_F_BIT | PSR_I_BIT | SVC_MODE mrc p15, 0, r9, c0, c0 @ get processor id bl __lookup_processor_type movs r10, r5 @ invalid processor? moveq r0, #'p' @ yes, error 'p' beq __error /* * Use the page tables supplied from __cpu_up. */ adr r4, __secondary_data ldmia r4, {r5, r7, r13} @ address to jump to after sub r4, r4, r5 @ mmu has been enabled ldr r4, [r7, r4] @ get secondary_data.pgdir adr lr, __enable_mmu @ return address add pc, r10, #PROCINFO_INITFUNC @ initialise processor @ (return control reg) /* * r6 = &secondary_data */ ENTRY(__secondary_switched) ldr sp, [r7, #4] @ get secondary_data.stack mov fp, #0 b secondary_start_kernel .type __secondary_data, %object __secondary_data: .long . .long secondary_data .long __secondary_switched #endif /* defined(CONFIG_SMP) */ 以上代碼SMP cpu 適用!! /* * Setup common bits before finally enabling the MMU. Essentially * this is just loading the page table pointer and domain access * registers. */ .type __enable_mmu, %function __enable_mmu: #ifdef CONFIG_ALIGNMENT_TRAP orr r0, r0, #CR_A #else bic r0, r0, #CR_A #endif #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_DCACHE_DISABLE bic r0, r0, #CR_C #endif #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_BPREDICT_DISABLE bic r0, r0, #CR_Z #endif #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_ICACHE_DISABLE bic r0, r0, #CR_I #endif mov r5, #(domain_val(DOMAIN_USER, DOMAIN_MANAGER) | \ domain_val(DOMAIN_KERNEL, DOMAIN_MANAGER) | \ domain_val(DOMAIN_TABLE, DOMAIN_MANAGER) | \ domain_val(DOMAIN_IO, DOMAIN_CLIENT)) mcr p15, 0, r5, c3, c0, 0 @ load domain access register mcr p15, 0, r4, c2, c0, 0 @ load page table pointer b __turn_mmu_on /* * Enable the MMU. This completely changes the structure of the visible * memory space. You will not be able to trace execution through this. * If you have an enquiry about this, *please* check the linux-arm-kernel * mailing list archives BEFORE sending another post to the list. * * r0 = cp#15 control register * r13 = *virtual* address to jump to upon completion * * other registers depend on the function called upon completion */ .align 5 .type __turn_mmu_on, %function __turn_mmu_on: mov r0, r0 mcr p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 0 @ write control reg mrc p15, 0, r3, c0, c0, 0 @ read id reg mov r3, r3 mov r3, r3 mov pc, r13 /* * Setup the initial page tables. We only setup the barest * amount which are required to get the kernel running, which * generally means mapping in the kernel code. * * r8 = machinfo * r9 = cpuid * r10 = procinfo * * Returns: * r0, r3, r6, r7 corrupted * r4 = physical page table address */ .type __create_page_tables, %function __create_page_tables: pgtbl r4 @ page table address 巨集pgtbl 在 arch/arm/kernel/head.S 中定義 可以看到,頁表是位於 KERNEL_RAM_ADDR 下麵 16k 的位置 /* * Clear the 16K level 1 swapper page table */ mov r0, r4 mov r3, #0 add r6, r0, #0x4000 1: str r3, [r0], #4 str r3, [r0], #4 str r3, [r0], #4 str r3, [r0], #4 teq r0, r6 bne 1b 以上將這16k 的頁表清0. ldr r7, [r10, #PROCINFO_MM_MMUFLAGS] @ mm_mmuflags r10 對應struct proc_info_list 結構體對象首地址 獲得proc_info_list的__cpu_mm_mmu_flags的值,並存儲到 r7中 /* * Create identity mapping for first MB of kernel to * cater for the MMU enable. This identity mapping * will be removed by paging_init(). We use our current program * counter to determine corresponding section base address. */ mov r6, pc, lsr #20 @ start of kernel section 將pc值邏輯右移20bit後的值賦給r6 orr r3, r7, r6, lsl #20 @ flags + kernel base r3 = r7 | (r6 << 20); flags + kernel base,得到頁表中需要設置的值. str r3, [r4, r6, lsl #2] @ identity mapping 設置頁表: mem[r4 + r6 * 4] = r3,這裡,因為頁表的每一項是32 bits(4 bytes),所以要乘以4(<<2). /* * Now setup the pagetables for our kernel direct * mapped region. */ add r0, r4, #(KERNEL_START & 0xff000000) >> 18 KERNEL_START:0xc0008000 即KERNEL_RAM_VADDR str r3, [r0, #(KERNEL_START & 0x00f00000) >> 18]! ldr r6, =(KERNEL_END - 1) add r0, r0, #4 add r6, r4, r6, lsr #18 1: cmp r0, r6 add r3, r3, #1 << 20 strls r3, [r0], #4 bls 1b 以上將KERNEL_START 到KERNEL_END 的內核代碼的映射目錄設置好 #ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL /* * Map some ram to cover our .data and .bss areas. */ orr r3, r7, #(KERNEL_RAM_PADDR & 0xff000000) .if (KERNEL_RAM_PADDR & 0x00f00000) orr r3, r3, #(KERNEL_RAM_PADDR & 0x00f00000) .endif add r0, r4, #(KERNEL_RAM_VADDR & 0xff000000) >> 18 str r3, [r0, #(KERNEL_RAM_VADDR & 0x00f00000) >> 18]! ldr r6, =(_end - 1) add r0, r0, #4 add r6, r4, r6, lsr #18 1: cmp r0, r6 add r3, r3, #1 << 20 strls r3, [r0], #4 bls 1b #endif /* * Then map first 1MB of ram in case it contains our boot params. */ add r0, r4, #PAGE_OFFSET >> 18 orr r6, r7, #(PHYS_OFFSET & 0xff000000) .if (PHYS_OFFSET & 0x00f00000) orr r6, r6, #(PHYS_OFFSET & 0x00f00000) .endif str r6, [r0] #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LL ldr r7, [r10, #PROCINFO_IO_MMUFLAGS] @ io_mmuflags /* * Map in IO space for serial debugging. * This allows debug messages to be output * via a serial console before paging_init. */ ldr r3, [r8, #MACHINFO_PGOFFIO] add r0, r4, r3 rsb r3, r3, #0x4000 @ PTRS_PER_PGD*sizeof(long) cmp r3, #0x0800 @ limit to 512MB movhi r3, #0x0800 add r6, r0, r3 ldr r3, [r8, #MACHINFO_PHYSIO] orr r3, r3, r7 1: str r3, [r0], #4 add r3, r3, #1 << 20 teq r0, r6 bne 1b #if defined(CONFIG_ARCH_NETWINDER) || defined(CONFIG_ARCH_CATS) /* * If we're using the NetWinder or CATS, we also need to map * in the 16550-type serial port for the debug messages */ add r0, r4, #0xff000000 >> 18 orr r3, r7, #0x7c000000 str r3, [r0] #endif #ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_RPC /* * Map in screen at 0x02000000 & SCREEN2_BASE * Similar reasons here - for debug. This is * only for Acorn RiscPC architectures. */ add r0, r4, #0x02000000 >> 18 orr r3, r7, #0x02000000 str r3, [r0] add r0, r4, #0xd8000000 >> 18 str r3, [r0] #endif #endif mov pc, lr .ltorg #include "head-common.S"