Oracle11gR2單實例的安裝與部署

主機名

his1

IP地址

192.168.40.102

Oracle Grid軟體

Oracle DB軟體版本

Oracle Enterprise11g

補丁集版本

Oracle 11.2.0.4

PSU（推薦補丁版本）

Oracle 11.2.0.4.160719

項目

類別

目錄

空間大小

Oracle軟體目錄

Oracle DB

/oracle/11.2.0/db/dbhome1

20GB

Oracle 線上日誌文件及控制文件、數據文件、歸檔日誌文件

控制文件，線上日誌,數據文件

/data

500GB

文件系統

歸檔備份

/archive

500GB

[root@his1 ~]# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo

MemTotal:      2075524 kB

[root@his1 ~]# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo

SwapTotal:     8385920 kB

[root@ his1 ~]# free -m

         total    used       free     shared    buffers     cached

Mem:    2026    1291       735          0      73       1005

-/+ buffers/cache:   212       1814

Swap:    8189     0         8189

[root@his1 ~]# df -h

Filesystem        Size    Used   Avail    Use%   Mounted on

/dev/sda6         58G    9.4G   46G    18%     /

/dev/sda5         500G   0.4G   500G   0.018%  /archive

/dev/sda4         500G   0.4G   500G   0.018%  /data

/dev/sda3         20.1G  73M    20G    0.2%    /oracle

/dev/sda2         7.8G  358M    7.0G    5%     /tmp

/dev/sda1         388M   34M   334M  10%     /boot

tmpfs            1014M  528M   486M  53%     /dev/shm

掛接點

大小

/

60GB

swap

8GB

  /oracle

500GB

   /archive

500GB

[root@his1 ~]# cat  /etc/hosts

# Do not remove the following line, or various programs

# that require network functionality will fail.

127.0.0.1       localhost.localdomain localhost

::1             localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6

192.168.40.102  his1

這個不設置的話安裝的時候會出錯。

[root@his1 ~]# grep "model name" /proc/cpuinfo

model name      : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-3427U CPU @ 1.80GHz

[root@his1 ~]# cat /proc/version

Linux version 2.6.18-164.el5PAE ([email protected]) (gcc version 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-46)) #1 SMP Thu Sep 3 02:28:20 EDT 2009

[root@his1 ~]# cat /etc/issue

Enterprise Linux Enterprise Linux Server release 5.4 (Carthage)

Kernel \r on an \m

[root@his1 ~]# uname -a

Linux his1 2.6.18-164.el5PAE #1 SMP Thu Sep 3 02:28:20 EDT 2009 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux

Asianux Server 3, Oracle Linux 5, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5， The following packages (or later versions) must be installed:

binutils-2.17.50.0.6

compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3

elfutils-libelf-0.125

elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125

elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.125

gcc-4.1.2

gcc-c++-4.1.2

glibc-2.5-24

glibc-common-2.5

glibc-devel-2.5

glibc-headers-2.5

kernel-headers-2.6.18

ksh-20060214

libaio-0.3.106

libaio-devel-0.3.106

libgcc-4.1.2

libgomp-4.1.2

libstdc++-4.1.2

libstdc++-devel-4.1.2

make-3.81

sysstat-7.0.2

yum  list binutils compat-libstdc++  elfutils-libelf  elfutils-libelf-devel elfutils-libelf-devel-static gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headers kernel-headers ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libgomp libstdc++ libstdc++ make sysstat

[root@his1 ~]# yum  list binutils compat-libstdc++  elfutils-libelf  elfutils-libelf-devel elfutils-libelf-devel-static gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headers kernel-headers ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libgomp libstdc++ libstdc++ make sysstat

Loaded plugins: security

file:///media/cdrom1/Server/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 5] OSError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/media/cdrom1/Server/repodata/repomd.xml'

Trying other mirror.

Installed Packages

binutils.i386             2.17.50.0.6-12.el5    installed

elfutils-libelf.i386         0.137-3.el5          installed

elfutils-libelf-devel.i386    0.137-3.el5          installed

elfutils-libelf-devel-static.i386 0.137-3.el5         installed

gcc.i386                 4.1.2-46.el5         installed

gcc-c++.i386             4.1.2-46.el5          installed

glibc.i686                2.5-42              installed

glibc-common.i386        2.5-42              installed

glibc-devel.i386           2.5-42              installed

glibc-headers.i386         2.5-42              installed

kernel-headers.i386        2.6.18-164.el5       installed

ksh.i386                 20080202-14.el5     installed

libaio.i386                0.3.106-3.2         installed

libaio-devel.i386           0.3.106-3.2         installed

libgcc.i386                4.1.2-46.el5        installed

libgomp.i386              4.4.0-6.el5         installed

libstdc++.i386             4.1.2-46.el5        installed

make.i386                1:3.81-3.el5        installed

sysstat.i386               7.0.2-3.el5         installed

Available Packages

glibc.i386                  2.5-42             nam

# cd /etc/yum.repos.d     操作系統密令

#vi server.repo          操作系統密令

[base]

name=iso

baseurl=file:///mnt

gpgcheck=1

enabled=1

gpgkey=file:///mnt/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle

yum  list binutils compat-libstdc++  elfutils-libelf  elfutils-libelf-devel elfutils-libelf-devel-static gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headers kernel-headers ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libgomp libstdc++ libstdc++ make sysstat

[root@his1~]#  java -version

java version "1.6.0"

OpenJDK  Runtime Environment (build 1.6.0-b09)

OpenJDK Client VM (build 1.6.0-b09, mixed mode)

mkdir -p /oracle/11.2.0/db/dbhome

chown –R oracle.oinstall /oracle

#groupadd -g 1000 oinstall

#groupadd -g 1200 dba

#groupadd -g 1201 oper

#useradd -m -u 1100 -g oinstall -G dba,oper -d /home/oracle -s /bin/bash -c "Oracle Software Owner" oracle

# passwd oracle

# id nobody

uid=60001(nobody) gid=60001(nobody)

chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle

chown -R oracle:oinstall /data

chown -R oracle:oinstall /archive

參數

推薦值

查看命令

semmsl

semmns

semopm

semmni

250

32000

100

128

/sbin/sysctl -a | grep sem

shmall

2097152

/sbin/sysctl -a | grep shm

shmmax

536870912

shmmni

4096

file-max

6815744

/sbin/sysctl -a | grep file-max

ip_local_port_range

Minimum:9000 Maximum: 65500

/sbin/sysctl -a | grep ip_local_port_range

rmem_default

262144

/sbin/sysctl -a | grep rmem_default

rmem_max

4194304

/sbin/sysctl -a | grep rmem_max

wmem_default

262144

/sbin/sysctl -a | grep wmem_default

wmem_max

1048576

/sbin/sysctl -a | grep wmem_max

aio-max-nr

Maximum: 1048576

/sbin/sysctl -a | grep aio-max-nr

vm.min_free_kbytes

524288

/sbin/sysctl -a | grep vm.min_free_kbytes

vm.swappiness

100

/sbin/sysctl -a | grep vm.swappiness

kernel.shmmax = 34359738368

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

fs.file-max = 6815744

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

fs.aio-max-nr = 4194304

vm.min_free_kbytes = 524288

vm.swappiness=100

net.ipv4.conf.eth4.rp_filter = 0

net.ipv4.conf.eth8.rp_filter = 0

禁用ASLR功能，在/etc/sysctl.conf文件添加以下內容

kernel.randomize_va_space=0

重啟生效

註：# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep randomize

kernel.randomize_va_space = 1

If the parameter is set to any value other than 0 then ASLR is in use.

在機器上修改下列文件，增加對應的內容

cat >> /etc/security/limits.conf <<EOF

oracle soft nproc 2048

oracle hard nproc 32768

oracle soft nofile 2048

oracle hard nofile 65536

oracle soft stack 10240

oracle hard stack 32768

EOF

[root@his1 ~]# su - oracle

[oracle@his1 ~]$ ulimit -Sn

2048

[oracle@his1 ~]$ ulimit -Hn

65536

[oracle@his1 ~]$ ulimit -Su

2048

[oracle@his1 ~]$ ulimit -Hu

32768

[oracle@his1 ~]$ ulimit -Ss

10240

[oracle@his1 ~]$ ulimit -Hs

32768

echo 'session include system-auth' >> /etc/pam.d/login

echo 'session required pam_limits.so' >> /etc/pam.d/system-auth

cat >> /etc/profile <<EOF

if [ \$USER = "oracle" ]; then

    if [ \$SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

        ulimit -p 16384

        ulimit -n 65536

    else

        ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

    fi

    umask 022

fi

EOF

添加transparent_hugepage=never

title Oracle Linux Server Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel (3.8.13-44.1.1.el6uek.x86_64)

        root (hd0,1)

        kernel /vmlinuz-3.8.13-44.1.1.el6uek.x86_32 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_jydb1-lv_root rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_LVM_LV=vg_jydb1/lv_root rd_NO_MD SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=256M  KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rd_LVM_LV=vg_jydb1/lv_swap rhgb quiet transparent_hugepage=never

        initrd /initramfs-3.8.13-44.1.1.el6uek.x86_32.img

# cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled

always madvise [never]

# grep AnonHugePages /proc/meminfo

結果"AnonHugepages: 0 kB"

參考：

ALERT: Disable Transparent HugePages on SLES11, RHEL5, OEL5 and UEK2 Kernels (文檔 ID 1557478.1)

# service avahi-daemon stop

# /sbin/chkconfig avahi-daemon off

vi /etc/sysconfig/network

添加 NOZEROCONF=yes

參考：

CSSD Fails to Join the Cluster After Private Network Recovered if avahi Daemon is up and Running (文檔 ID 1501093.1)

# service iptables stop

# service ip6tables stop

# chkconfig iptables off

# chkconfig ip6tables off

#vi /etc/selinux/config

修改SELINUX=disabled

說明：oracle用戶需要配置相關的環境變數

$ echo $SHELL

/usr/bin/bash

Bourne shell (sh), Bash shell (bash), or Korn shell (ksh):

$ vi .bash_profile

export PS1='[\h:\u:$PWD]$'

export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/11.2.0/db

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/dbhome

export ORACLE_SID=qlhsdb1 # ORACLE_SID=qlhsdb2

export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch

export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin

export ORACLE_TERM=vt100

export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8

export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS"

export ORA_NLS11=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib32:$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib

export LIBPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/lib32:$ORACLE_HOME/ctx/lib

export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/JRE/lib/rt.jar:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib

export TEMP=/tmp

export TMP=/tmp

export TMPDIR=/tmp

stty erase ^H

umask 022

說明：文件系統的話建議使用邏輯捲,這裡在安裝系統的時候已經把捲建好了

說明：標記為紅色的字體要註意

[root@his1 ~]# ifconfig

eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:96:91:67 

          inet addr:192.168.40.102  Bcast:192.168.40.255  Mask:255.255.255.0

          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe96:9167/64 Scope:Link

          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1

          RX packets:5164 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

          TX packets:5513 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000

          RX bytes:412668 (402.9 KiB)  TX bytes:1638598 (1.5 MiB)

          Interrupt:59 Base address:0x2024

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback 

          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0

          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host

          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1

          RX packets:983 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

          TX packets:983 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0

          RX bytes:49739 (48.5 KiB)  TX bytes:49739 (48.5 KiB)

[root@his1 ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

# Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] 79c970 [PCnet32 LANCE]

DEVICE=eth0

BOOTPROTO=none

ONBOOT=yes

HWADDR=00:0c:29:96:91:67

NETMASK=255.255.255.0

IPADDR=192.168.40.34

TYPE=Ethernet

步驟

詳細操作

登錄his1

#xhost +

#su - oracle

運行RDBMS的runInstaller

$ cd /oracle/install/db/database

./runInstaller

界面1：Configure Security Updates

取消選擇“I wish to receive security updates via My Oracle Support” 。點擊“next”，忽略提示警告。

界面2：Download Software Updates

選擇“Skip software updates”． 點擊“next”

界面3：Installation Option

選擇“Install database software only”． 點擊“next”

界面4：Grid Installation Options

選擇“Single instance database installtion” 然後點擊“next”

界面5：Select Product Languages

從左側選擇“Simplified Chinese”到右側． 點擊“next”

界面6：Select Database Edition

選擇“Enterprise Edition”點擊“Select Option”確認以下選件：

Oracle Partitioning

Oracle OLAP

Oracle Data Mining RDBMS Files

Oracle Real Application Testing

點擊“Next”

界面7：Specify Installation Location

確定Oracle的安裝路徑：

Oracle Base: /oracle/11.2.0/db

Software Location:  /oracle/11.2.0/db/dbhome      

點擊“Next”

界面8：Privileged Operating System Groups

操作系統用戶組

Database Administration (OSDBA) Group : dba

Database Operator (OSOPER) Group: oper

點擊“next”。

界面9：Perform Prerequisite Checks

等待約安裝檢查的完成

界面10：Summary

點擊“Install”

界面11：Install Product

等待完成

Install (Execute Configuration scripts)

安裝接近完成時，需要手使用root用戶在每一個節點運行以下腳本：

在兩個節點上上執行

#/oracle/11.2.0/db/dbhome/root.sh

運行root.sh後最後顯示：

Performing root user operation for Oracle 11g

The following environment variables are set as:

    ORACLE_OWNER= oracle

    ORACLE_HOME=  /oracle/11.2.0/db/dbhome

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:

The contents of "dbhome" have not changed. No need to overwrite.

The contents of "oraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite.

The contents of "coraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite.

Entries will be added to the /var/opt/oracle/oratab file as needed by

Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created

Finished running generic part of root script.

Now product-specific root actions will be performed.

Finished product-specific root actions.

界面12：Finish

點擊“Close”退出

步驟

詳細操作

啟動dbca

#su - oracle

$dbca

界面1：Welcome

選擇Create a Database,點擊next

界面2: Step 2 of 12: Database Templates

選擇Custom Database,點擊next

界面3:Step 3 of 12: Databases Identifier

Global Database Name:orcl

SID Prefix: orcl

點擊next

界面4: Step 4 of 12: Management Options

取消選擇"Configure Enterprise Manager"

取消選擇"Automatic Maintenance Tasks"

點擊Next

界面5:Step 5 of 12: Database Credentials

選擇Use the same password for all accounts , 輸入口令“oracle”並確認輸入，點擊next

界面6: Step 6 of 12: Storage Options

選擇存儲類型：File System

選擇"Use Database File Location from  Template"

點擊Next

界面7: Step 7 of 12: Recovery Configuration

選擇“Specify Fast Recovery Area”

點擊Next

界面8: Step 8 of 12: Database Content

選擇Oracle Text、Oracle OLAP、Oracle Spatial、Enterprise Manager Repository和Oracle Warehourse Builder

點擊Next

界面9: Step 9 of 12: Initialization Parameters

在Memory處選擇Typical指定64%即40G作為memory_target大小

Block Size=8192, Processes=5000

在Character Sets TAB處選擇

選擇“Use Unicode (AL32UTF8)”

在Connection Mode TAB處選擇：Dedicated Server Mode

點擊Next

界面10:Step 10 of 12: Database Storage

SYSAUX表空間：10240M

SYSTEM表空間：5120M

TEMP表空間  ：10240M

UNDOTBS1表空間：10240M

UNDOTBS2表空間：10240M

USERS表空間：2048M

Redo Thread 1:

Group1  500M

Group2  500M

Redo Thread 2:

Group3  500M

Group4  500M

配置完畢後點擊Next

界面11:Step 11 of 12

點擊Finish。開始創建資料庫。

界面12：Finish

點擊“Exit”