Java通過Executors提供四種線程池,分別為:newCachedThreadPool創建一個可緩存線程池,如果線程池長度超過處理需要,可靈活回收空閑線程,若無可回收,則新建線程。newFixedThreadPool 創建一個定長線程池,可控制線程最大併發數,超出的線程會在隊列中等待。newS ...
Java通過Executors提供四種線程池,分別為:
newCachedThreadPool創建一個可緩存線程池,如果線程池長度超過處理需要,可靈活回收空閑線程,若無可回收,則新建線程。
newFixedThreadPool 創建一個定長線程池,可控制線程最大併發數,超出的線程會在隊列中等待。
newScheduledThreadPool 創建一個定長線程池,支持定時及周期性任務執行。
newSingleThreadExecutor 創建一個單線程化的線程池,它只會用唯一的工作線程來執行任務,保證所有任務按照指定順序(FIFO, LIFO, 優先順序)執行。
(1) newCachedThreadPool
創建一個可緩存線程池,如果線程池長度超過處理需要,可靈活回收空閑線程,若無可回收,則新建線程。示例代碼如下:
package test; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest { public static void main(String[] args) { ExecutorService cachedThreadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { final int index = i; try { Thread.sleep(index * 1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } cachedThreadPool.execute(new Runnable() { public void run() { System.out.println(index); } }); } } }
線程池為無限大,當執行第二個任務時第一個任務已經完成,會復用執行第一個任務的線程,而不用每次新建線程。
(2) newFixedThreadPool
創建一個定長線程池,可控制線程最大併發數,超出的線程會在隊列中等待。示例代碼如下:
package test; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest { public static void main(String[] args) { ExecutorService fixedThreadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { final int index = i; fixedThreadPool.execute(new Runnable() { public void run() { try { System.out.println(index); Thread.sleep(2000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }); } } }
因為線程池大小為3,每個任務輸出index後sleep 2秒,所以每兩秒列印3個數字。
定長線程池的大小最好根據系統資源進行設置。如Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors()
(3) newScheduledThreadPool
創建一個定長線程池,支持定時及周期性任務執行。延遲執行示例代碼如下:
package test; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest { public static void main(String[] args) { ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5); scheduledThreadPool.schedule(new Runnable() { public void run() { System.out.println("delay 3 seconds"); } }, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS); } }
表示延遲3秒執行。
定期執行示例代碼如下:
package test; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest { public static void main(String[] args) { ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5); scheduledThreadPool.scheduleAtFixedRate(new Runnable() { public void run() { System.out.println("delay 1 seconds, and excute every 3 seconds"); } }, 1, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS); } }
表示延遲1秒後每3秒執行一次。
(4) newSingleThreadExecutor
創建一個單線程化的線程池,它只會用唯一的工作線程來執行任務,保證所有任務按照指定順序(FIFO, LIFO, 優先順序)執行。示例代碼如下:
package test; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest { public static void main(String[] args) { ExecutorService singleThreadExecutor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { final int index = i; singleThreadExecutor.execute(new Runnable() { public void run() { try { System.out.println(index); Thread.sleep(2000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }); } } }
結果依次輸出,相當於順序執行各個任務。
你可以使用JDK自帶的監控工具來監控我們創建的線程數量,運行一個不終止的線程,創建指定量的線程,來觀察:
工具目錄:C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.6.0_06\bin\jconsole.exe
運行程式做稍微修改:
package test; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest { public static void main(String[] args) { ExecutorService singleThreadExecutor = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(); for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { final int index = i; singleThreadExecutor.execute(new Runnable() { public void run() { try { while(true) { System.out.println(index); Thread.sleep(10 * 1000); } } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }); try { Thread.sleep(500); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }
效果如下:
選擇我們運行的程式:
監控運行狀態
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