使用ssh客戶端(如:putty)連接Linux伺服器,可能會等待10-30秒才有提示輸入密碼。嚴重影響工作效率。登錄很慢,登錄上去後速度正常,這種情況主要有兩種可能的原因: 1. DNS反向解析問題 OpenSSH在用戶登錄的時候會驗證IP,它根據用戶的IP使用反向DNS找到主機名,再使用DNS找
使用ssh客戶端(如:putty)連接Linux伺服器,可能會等待10-30秒才有提示輸入密碼。嚴重影響工作效率。登錄很慢,登錄上去後速度正常,這種情況主要有兩種可能的原因:
1. DNS反向解析問題
OpenSSH在用戶登錄的時候會驗證IP,它根據用戶的IP使用反向DNS找到主機名,再使用DNS找到IP地址,最後匹配一下登錄的IP是否合法。如果客戶機的IP沒有功能變數名稱,或者DNS伺服器很慢或不通,那麼登錄就會很花時間。
解決辦法:在目標伺服器上修改sshd伺服器端配置,並重啟sshd
- vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
- UseDNS no
2. 關閉ssh的gssapi認證
用ssh -v user@server 可以看到登錄時有如下信息:
- debug1: Next authentication method: gssapi-with-mic
- debug1: Unspecified GSS failure. Minor code may provide more information
註:ssh -vvv user@server 可以看到更細的debug信息
解決辦法:
修改sshd伺服器端配置
- vi /etc/ssh/ssh_config
- GSSAPIAuthentication no
可以使用ssh -o GSSAPIAuthentication=no user@server登錄
GSSAPI ( Generic Security Services Application Programming Interface) 是一套類似Kerberos 5的通用網路安全系統介面。該介面是對各種不同的客戶端伺服器安全機制的封裝,以消除安全介面的不同,降低編程難度。但該介面在目標機器無功能變數名稱解析時會有 問題
使用strace查看後發現,ssh在驗證完key之後,進行authentication gssapi-with-mic,此時先去連接DNS伺服器,在這之後會進行其他操作
- [root@192-168-3-40 ~]# ssh -vvv [email protected]
- OpenSSH_5.3p1, OpenSSL 1.0.1e-fips 11 Feb 2013
- debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config
- debug1: Applying options for *
- debug2: ssh_connect: needpriv 0
- debug1: Connecting to 192.168.3.44 [192.168.3.44] port 22.
- debug1: Connection established.
- debug1: permanently_set_uid: 0/0
- debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/identity type -1
- debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/identity-cert type -1
- debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_rsa type -1
- debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1
- debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_dsa type -1
- debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1
- debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa type -1
- debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert type -1
- debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.3
- debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.3 pat OpenSSH*
- debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0
- debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.3
- debug2: fd 3 setting O_NONBLOCK
- debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent
- debug3: Wrote 960 bytes for a total of 981
- debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received
- debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1
- debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected],[email protected],ssh-rsa,ssh-dss
- debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected]
- debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected]
- debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96
- debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96
- debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected],zlib
- debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected],zlib
- debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:
- debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:
- debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0
- debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0
- debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1
- debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss
- debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected]
- debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[email protected]
- debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96
- debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[email protected],hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-ripemd160,[email protected],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96
- debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected]
- debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[email protected]
- debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:
- debug2: kex_parse_kexinit:
- debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0
- debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0
- debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5
- debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none
- debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5
- debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none
- debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent
- debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP
- debug3: Wrote 24 bytes for a total of 1005
- debug2: dh_gen_key: priv key bits set: 120/256
- debug2: bits set: 506/1024
- debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent
- debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY
- debug3: Wrote 144 bytes for a total of 1149
- debug3: check_host_in_hostfile: host 192.168.3.44 filename /root/.ssh/known_hosts
- debug3: check_host_in_hostfile: host 192.168.3.44 filename /root/.ssh/known_hosts
- debug3: check_host_in_hostfile: match line 8
- debug1: Host '192.168.3.44' is known and matches the RSA host key.
- debug1: Found key in /root/.ssh/known_hosts:8
- debug2: bits set: 527/1024
- debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct
- debug2: kex_derive_keys
- debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1
- debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent
- debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS
- debug3: Wrote 16 bytes for a total of 1165
- debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0
- debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received
- debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent
- debug3: Wrote 48 bytes for a total of 1213
- debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth
- debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received
- debug2: key: /root/.ssh/identity ((nil))
- debug2: key: /root/.ssh/id_rsa ((nil))
- debug2: key: /root/.ssh/id_dsa ((nil))
- debug2: key: /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa ((nil))
- debug3: Wrote 64 bytes for a total of 1277
- debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password
- debug3: start over, passed a different list publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password
- debug3: preferred gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,publickey,keyboard-interactive,password
- debug3: authmethod_lookup gssapi-keyex
- debug3: remaining preferred: gssapi-with-mic,publickey,keyboard-interactive,password
- debug3: authmethod_is_enabled gssapi-keyex
- debug1: Next authentication method: gssapi-keyex
- debug1: No valid Key exchange context
- debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method
- debug3: authmethod_lookup gssapi-with-mic
- debug3: remaining preferred: publickey,keyboard-interactive,password
- debug3: authmethod_is_enabled gssapi-with-mic
- debug1: Next authentication method: gssapi-with-mic
- debug3: Trying to reverse map address 192.168.3.44.
- debug1: Unspecified GSS failure. Minor code may provide more information
- Cannot determine realm for numeric host address
- debug1: Unspecified GSS failure. Minor code may provide more information
- Cannot determine realm for numeric host address
- debug1: Unspecified GSS failure. Minor code may provide more information
- debug1: Unspecified GSS failure. Minor code may provide more information
- Cannot determine realm for numeric host address
- debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method
- debug3: authmethod_lookup publickey
- debug3: remaining preferred: keyboard-interactive,password
- debug3: authmethod_is_enabled publickey
- debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
- debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/identity
- debug3: no such identity: /root/.ssh/identity
- debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_rsa
- debug3: no such identity: /root/.ssh/id_rsa
- debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_dsa
- debug3: no such identity: /root/.ssh/id_dsa
- debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa
- debug3: no such identity: /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa
- debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method
- debug3: authmethod_lookup password
- debug3: remaining preferred: ,password
- debug3: authmethod_is_enabled password
- debug1: Next authentication method: password
- [email protected]'s password:
本文轉載於:https://blog.linuxeye.com/420.html